Why do apple tree leaves dry out and how to prevent it?

If the leaves on the apple tree begin to dry out, it means that something has gone wrong in the development of the fruit tree. It is likely that mistakes were made in care . It is possible that weather conditions .

Sometimes the reason may be an incorrectly chosen landing site .

In any case, in order to save the foliage from drying out and the tree from dying, you need to find out the cause and take action - the sooner the better.

Why do apple tree leaves dry out?

Leaves on an apple tree can dry out for several reasons :

There is not enough sunlight , which leads to disruption of the photosynthesis process. The foliage turns yellow and dries out. Some of the yellowed leaves fall off without drying out;
High groundwater table , due to which the roots do not breathe and rot;
There is not enough moisture, and not only the leaves, but also the young shoots dry out;
Excess of applied fertilizers , especially unrotted manure. The roots get burned and stop absorbing moisture from the soil and directing it to the above-ground part of the apple tree;
Mechanical damage to roots or branches;
Infection of the apple tree with certain diseases ;
Pest attack .

It is necessary to analyze what agrotechnical measures were carried out, to clarify whether a suitable place was chosen for planting an apple tree, and whether any of the above factors are present.
IMPORTANT! If an apple tree is diseased or attacked by pests, in addition to dried leaves, you may notice other signs.

Moniliosis

Moniliosis is a fungal disease that has two forms, caused by different pathogens. The first, early, form is called molinal burn, as it exhibits the same symptoms as different types of burns. The second form is fruit rot.

Signs and course of a molinal burn:

Appears during flowering, spores are carried by insects, mainly bees.
First of all, the apical leaves of the branches and young shoots turn black.
As the disease progresses, young branches dry out and die. Chemical burns of wood are characterized by similar signs.
The ovaries darken, die, but do not fall off, which is also characteristic of a thermal burn.

Signs and course of fruit rot:

Brown putrefactive spots form on the skin of the fruit, which quickly affect the entire pulp.
The danger of the disease is that it cannot be detected at an early stage. Fruits affected by moniliosis must be destroyed.

The disease is characterized by a rapid course and can lead to the death of a tree in 1–3 years.

Causes of infection:

unharvested last year's fallen fruits or leaves;
presence of pests.

Diseases and pests

With cytosporosis , which is another name for infectious drying out, dark ulcers appear on the bark, quickly spreading throughout the entire trunk and branches. In addition, the ulcers penetrate into the bark and reach the wood. Sap flow is disrupted, leaves dry out;
Scab - leaves and fruits become covered with dry brown spots. Their number increases, the leaves dry out;
Powdery mildew - first a gray or white coating appears, which then turns brown. Damaged foliage curls and dries out;
Bacteriosis – on a diseased tree, the leaves darken and dry out, but do not fall off the branches. Dark, weeping spots form on the bark of the apple tree;
The spider mite is a very small insect that sucks nutritious juice from leaves and weaves a web on the petiole;
Apple aphid - primarily settles on the succulent leaves of young shoots, on the underside. The leaf first curls and then dries. Aphids move to other leaves and shoots.

Cytosporosis.

Scab.

Powdery mildew.

Bacteriosis.

Spider mite.

Apple aphid.

Pimples and tubercles on leaves

If the spots on the leaves of the apple tree begin to acquire a pronounced texture, this significantly narrows the search for the problem. Most often, such deformations are a consequence of the activity of pests.

— Aphids actively lay their larvae everywhere and galls form on the surface of the leaves. Later, the leaves begin to dry out and curl because insects draw out all the juices from them;

— Small brown spots with tubercles are a symptom of phyllostictosis. Because of its characteristic symptoms, the disease is called “brown spot,” and over time, the affected leaves simply fall off.

Photo: 2sotki.ru

There are few leaves on the apple tree and the branches are drying

If little foliage blooms , and in the summer it begins to fall, the likely reason is the freezing of the apple trees in winter. Upon closer inspection, you can see that the bare branches have begun to dry out. If you try to bend the shoot , it breaks off easily .

To make wintering easier, it is necessary to carry out a whole range of measures :

To replenish the balance of nutrients spent on the formation and ripening of fruits, apply fertilizers after harvesting;
Provide abundant watering of the tree trunk circle , which is important not only for successful wintering, but also for the formation of flower buds for next year.

Only healthy apple trees that are fed and saturated with water in the fall winter well. In weak trees, after a harsh winter, a lot of gum is formed, which clogs the pores and sap flow is disrupted. The nutrients remaining near the buds from last year are only enough for the apple tree to dissolve some of its foliage. There are not enough microelements for more, the leaves and branches begin to dry out.

ATTENTION! Although apple trees are considered frost-resistant plants, when planting seedlings you should choose only zoned varieties that are adapted to the climatic conditions of your area.

Other diseases

Very often, gardeners themselves are to blame for the manifestation of diseases on trees. If you make mistakes in care, the apple trees may suffer.

Tree damage

This includes any mechanical damage, whether due to winter rodents, natural disasters, strong gusts of wind or problems with crown formation.

The plant should be treated according to the identified problem:

All damage, even the smallest, is covered with garden varnish.
The trunk of the apple tree is insulated for the winter and protected from rodents. If the trunk has already been damaged by pests, it is necessary to thoroughly clean the bark, treat the area with fungicides and try to heal it.
That there were no problems with faults, especially on a young apple tree, it needs to be planted and a support installed nearby.
If there is a possibility that fractures may appear due to an excessive number of fruits, it is necessary to make a support and standardize the ovaries.

Excess or lack of moisture

With proper watering, the apple tree develops fully. It needs a certain amount of moisture, and its excess or deficiency negatively affects the general condition of the tree and its growth. Due to the lack of water that the apple tree absorbs through its roots from the ground, the number of fruits will be significantly reduced, and the fruits themselves will be deformed and lose their taste.

The first signs of moisture deficiency in the apple tree.

Excess water also greatly affects the apple tree. First of all, this affects the tree’s immunity. If it decreases, then the plant can be susceptible to almost any disease. If the planting site is chosen incorrectly and there is too much moisture, the root system of the apple tree may rot.

Thermal damage

Thermal damage includes both exposure to cold weather and exposure to too much sunlight. They are especially evident in the spring, when the trunk quickly warms up and the wood stretches from the rapid movement of sap, and at night the cold sets in and the bark cracks.

During preparation for winter, to prevent these problems, it is necessary to use trunk cover. Even before the cold weather, whitewashing is carried out, which protects against frost damage.

Insect parasites

Very often, pests are carriers of many viruses and infections, which is why the apple tree gets sick.

But they harm leaves, buds, flowers and even fruits with their effects, because they feed on juices. Most often the following appear on apple trees:

fruit moth;
aphid;
codling moth;
apple flower beetle;
bark beetle;
different types of mites.

To protect plants from uninvited guests, it is necessary to carry out preventive spraying in the spring using special insecticides that protect the apple tree from pest invasion. Also, during the season it will be necessary to inspect the crops several times for damage and carry out therapeutic spraying.

Poor care

Gardeners sometimes simply become negligent and forget or intentionally skip some important care details. Thus, spring preventative spraying is often not carried out a second time. Because of this, after the buds bloom, insects appear in the sun, which themselves harm the young leaves and carry viruses, infections or fungal spores.

There can be a lot of examples, but the result is important - timely implementation of all stages of care

Mineral deficiency

For normal development of fruit crops, a complex of mineral supplements is required. The lack of nutrients is primarily noticeable in the appearance of the plant:

with a lack of manganese, variegated veins are visible on the leaves;
lack of nitrogen slows down the growth of the apple tree, the leaves become pale and faded;
a small amount of copper appears in the form of small brown spots on the leaves;
if the crop lacks phosphorus, then red spots are visible on the shoots, which eventually merge into one large one;
due to a lack of boron in the body of the apple tree, fruit ovaries cannot fully form;
From a lack of potassium, the leaves fade and turn brown.

Applying fertilizer to the apple tree
However, do not forget that excess can also cause harm, and you need to feed apple trees with minerals only according to the recipe.

The branches and leaves suddenly dry up

The cause of this problem may be the close occurrence of groundwater . A young apple tree does not suffer because of this, because its root system is not yet developed, is close to the surface of the earth, and sufficient oxygen is supplied to it.

When an apple tree grows, its roots penetrate deep into the soil and enter an area where the soil is very wet. The roots do not breathe, begin to rot, and stop supplying nutrients to the shoots and foliage.

Sometimes the drying out of branches may begin on only one side of the apple tree, but after a while the entire tree dries out.

The same drying out can also occur if in the spring the groundwater rises high due to a flood and stays that way for a long time. Rainfall during this period can aggravate the problem.

Why do apple trees get sick?

There are several main reasons why plants get sick. Diseases can be of fungal origin, viral or bacterial. It is because of them that plants are affected by one or another type of damage. In fact, these symptoms can occur as a result of damage, dirty air, improper care, or if the sources of infection are brought by birds or insects from a neighboring area. Therefore, it is necessary to regularly check the condition of the entire garden and carry out preventive measures.

Leaves dry on young apple trees

Drying of leaves on a young apple tree occurs due to planting errors . They may be an incorrectly chosen location or non-compliance with agrotechnical rules.

In what cases is the place for an apple tree not suitable :

Close location (closer than 2-3 meters) of any mature tree with a developed crown and powerful root system. This tree takes the bulk of nutrients and moisture from the ground;
The sapling is planted on the north side of a tall building and does not receive the required amount of sunlight. Because of this, the production of chlorophyll is disrupted and the apple tree is inhibited;
Close occurrence of groundwater;
The place floods after rains.

Other reasons are related to errors made during planting or poor care :

The grafting site is very deep. It should remain 6-8 cm above the soil level;
Excess of applied fertilizers or fertilizing with fresh manure. The roots of the apple tree get burned and stop absorbing nutrients;
Insufficient watering in hot, dry weather;
The seedling was planted late, when sap flow began.

How to treat and what to do if apple tree leaves dry out

We have figured out the reasons for the situation when the leaves of the apple tree begin to dry. It's time to find out what to treat and what to do in such circumstances in order to keep the fruit tree healthy. The treatment regimen and necessary actions are selected depending on what problem is occurring. Next, we will consider the most common ways in which troubles manifest in an apple tree.

If the tree is sick

If a tree is sick and its leaves dry out, you need to carefully examine it to find out what caused this. So, if this is one of the diseases of the bark or leaves, appropriate treatment is necessary in each individual case.

In young seedlings

A young apple tree may experience problems due to sudden changes in temperature, which especially often occurs in winter or spring. Unfortunately, nothing can be done.

And turn yellow in spring and summer

If the apple tree produced a good harvest in July and August, the tree may be lacking nutrients, and it is best to feed it.

Experienced summer residents recommend using Kemira or Sudarushka fertilizer for these purposes. If the apple tree is no longer young, yellowing leaves may indicate that it needs some anti-aging pruning.

And they fall abundantly

Leaves may drop significantly due to drought. The solution is simple - water frequently. If the root system is damaged, then the tree cannot be saved.

Like after a burn

If the burn occurs due to an excess of fertilizers, the tree must be watered abundantly. The cause may also be the influence of poisons. In this case, the foliage is treated with a solution of vinegar or soda.

And curl up

Here the tree is checked for all possible causes of leaf drying and action is taken according to the situation.

Along the edges

If this happens due to an excess of fertilizers, provide abundant watering.

After flowering

If the tree is without obvious damage, then the unfavorable wintering is to blame. The tree cannot be saved.

During flowering

This may be a consequence of starvation of the apple tree. It is necessary to fertilize.

At the top

If the leaves of a young apple tree begin to dry up to the top of the tree, this is an alarm bell. Most likely, the grafting site is damaged or the roots are dying. In any case, unfortunately, it is no longer possible to correct the situation. If this happened to an old apple tree, this may indicate that its life has expired. If the apple tree is neither young nor old, but the top is drying out, this may indicate that there is a complex hunger of essential microelements.

Whole branches

This may be due to insufficient watering.

Control measures

When you have identified the reason why the leaves on the apple tree are drying, you need to take measures to eliminate it:

An apple tree planted in the wrong place requires replanting . If the tree is growing for the first or second year, this is easy to do by carefully digging it out with a lump of earth. It is more difficult to transplant a mature tree 5-7 years old. In this case, the main task is to damage the roots as little as possible . The lump of earth will be large, so for replanting you will have to use a cart or drag it, securing it on a tarpaulin;
If the apple tree dries out due to freezing , you need to cut off the dried branches . If the tops have grown, some of them are left to later replace the dead part of the tree. It is necessary to water all summer so that the soil does not dry out. The tree trunk circle is covered with mulch, which prevents moisture from quickly evaporating;
If the leaves dry out due to diseases or pests , the apple tree should be treated with pesticides and additionally add the necessary fertilizers . Weak apple trees that do not receive feeding on time get sick more often;
In case of disease with cytosporosis or bacteriosis the diseased branches are removed , and the damaged bark is cut back to healthy wood. In the fall, it is necessary to take preventive measures against diseases and pests to prevent the problem from recurring.

ADVICE! The sooner measures are taken to eliminate the cause of leaf drying, the greater the chance of saving the tree and preserving most of the branches.

Phyllosticosis

Phyllosticosis (brown spot) is a fungal disease that mainly affects the leaves of the tree.
Signs and course of the disease:

Spots of various colors form on the leaves - from yellow and brown to brown and black. The shape of the spots is round or elongated, neoplasms up to 5–7 mm in diameter, with or without black edging.
Within 10–12 days, the fungal spores mature and the spots are covered with a transparent film.
The leaf dries up, dies and falls off.
The fruits stop developing and the fungus infects their skin with brown spots. Taste qualities deteriorate significantly, ripening does not occur.

The disease does not lead to the death of the tree, but significantly reduces the frost resistance of the apple tree and leads to loss of yield.

Causes of infection:

dense plantings;
lack of formative pruning;
the presence of weeds in the tree trunk circle;
unharvested last year's fallen fruits or leaves;
presence of aphids or ants.

Reasons for drying out in different months

In June

If the foliage on a tree begins to dry out in June, the likely cause is the tree freezing in winter , the roots getting wet due to floods or high groundwater, or an excess of applied fertilizers .

Another reason may be damage to the bark in winter by hares or mice . A damaged tree sprouts leaves using nutrients stored in the branches. But no additional food is supplied, the leaves begin to dry out, followed by the branches.

In August

Why do the leaves on the apple tree dry out in August? The likely cause of leaves drying out in August is insufficient watering, lack of nutrition, disease or pests.

If the tree does not have enough moisture, you can notice it earlier. The leaves lose turgor and droop. The tips of young shoots dry out first.

You can determine whether a tree is damaged by diseases or pests by careful inspection. These problems, in addition to drying of the leaves, are accompanied by additional symptoms.

Chlorosis

Chlorosis is a deficiency of mineral salts. A certain change in leaf color indicates errors in fertilizing:

Nitrogen . If there is a shortage, the leaves turn yellow, young shoots acquire a red tint. In excess, there is increased growth of young leaves and shoots, and a dark green color of the crown.
Phosphorus . Small young leaves and the absence of young shoots, as well as redness of the leaf veins and petioles with a deficiency, or with an excess - signs of rosette.
Potassium . A lack of the mineral leads to the death of leaf tissue from the edges to the middle, an excess leads to the drying out of individual shoots.
Calcium . Deficiency manifests itself in lightening of the tips of the leaves and leads to disturbances in the development of the root system. If oversaturated, the leaf blades turn yellow, the fruits do not develop and become smaller.
Iron . If there is a shortage, the leaves acquire a light yellow, even white, tint, and fall off prematurely by 30–45 days. The apple tree does not have time to develop immunity to frost and may die.

Chlorosis is not a disease, but the lack of nutrients it signals can lead to decreased yield, frost resistance, and death of young shoots, bark, or roots of the apple tree.

Nuances and questions from readers

The upper leaves dry out

This occurs when there is a lack of moisture in hot weather or when the root system is damaged . The tree should also be inspected to rule out any disease or spider mite damage.

The edges of the leaves dry out

It is possible that the tree became sick with bacteriosis . Another reason is that the soil is constantly wet and does not dry out .

The leaves dry and:

Turn black

It is likely that the apple tree has contracted cytosporosis, bacteriosis or scab. The leaves may turn black and dry out in May if night frosts return after the leaves bloom.

Turn yellow

The cause may be a lack of nitrogen in the soil , which affects photosynthesis. In this case, the leaves turn yellow, but do not always dry out. Some of them may remain on the tree or fall off without drying.

Another reason is insufficient watering in dry weather.

They turn pale

There may be two reasons:

When diseased with powdery mildew, the leaves become light due to a white or gray coating. After a while they dry out and fall off;
Another reason is milky shine . This fungal disease most often affects the apple tree in the spring and occurs due to insufficient nutrition or freezing in the cold winter.

You can get more information about such a disease as milky shine on an apple tree from the video:

Common causes and associated symptoms

There are many reasons why the leaves on the apple tree began to dry out. However, there are the most common ones. Below we suggest that you familiarize yourself with the popular reasons, as well as find out what their symptoms are.

Atmospheric and climatic conditions

If we talk about atmospheric or climatic reasons, first of all, it is worth mentioning the lack of sunlight. Thus, such a phenomenon leads to disruption of the photosynthesis process, which is why the foliage on the tree turns yellow and dries out. Along with this, it also happens that the leaves fall off without even having time to dry.

Improper planting and care

The most common reason is improper planting and subsequent care of trees. For example, a crop may begin to dry out if it grows on swampy clay or loamy soil. For this reason, in the autumn it is recommended to add dolomite flour, chalk or lime to the soil. This measure is used to enrich the soil with calcium. Sand or peat is also suitable for this purpose.

Experienced gardeners do not recommend planting wild cereal plants, such as foxtail wheatgrass or timothy, next to the apple tree. These crops can negatively affect the apple tree next to them.

Unsuitable soil

Planting an apple tree in unsuitable soil can also cause leaf loss. Many tree diseases arise due to a lack of certain components, especially nutritional components. This process is called fasting.

The following types of fasting are distinguished: boron, manganese, magnesium, potassium and zinc.

Leaf diseases

The next reason for the falling leaves of an apple tree may be their disease. Next, we propose to consider the most well-known leaf diseases.

Scab

Surely there is not a single gardener who has not encountered, at least once in his life, such a problem as scab. This is a fungal disease that is characterized by the appearance of a brown-green coating on the leaves. As a result, they dry out and fall off.

Powdery mildew

A disease such as powdery mildew is characterized by the appearance of a dirty white coating on the leaves of a tree and its shoots. After some time they dry out and fall off. An apple tree affected by this disease bears fruit poorly and practically stops growing.

If you do not treat in a timely manner, the spores will penetrate the ground and live there without problems until spring, after which they will infect the tree again. Powdery mildew likes to settle on plants that choose a place for themselves in waterlogged soil.

Downy mildew

Downy mildew begins with the appearance of white spots, which over time become gray-violet. This disease is also called downy mildew. Affected leaves dry out and fall off quite quickly. The tree stops bearing fruit and growing well.

Bark diseases

If there are diseases of the apple tree bark, over time its shoots cease to receive the nutrients and moisture necessary for growth. Due to pathological changes, the tree dries out.

European apple canker

European cancer is characterized by the fact that growths and dents, distinguished by a red-brown color, begin to appear on the trunk and branches of the tree. If you look under the growth, you can find a wound or even exposed trunk cambium underneath it.

Cytosporosis

One of the first signs of this disease is the appearance of dark bulges with red-brown ulcers on the bark. Over time, the trunk of the apple tree, which has been affected by cytosporosis, dries out, and the necessary nutritional components do not reach the leaves. The disease is considered very dangerous, especially if its spores spread throughout the tree - as a result, it will inevitably dry out.

Black cancer

Recognizing black cancer is quite simple. After all, the disease is characterized by the appearance of a black plaque. It seems that the branches are covered with soot. In turn, the leaves turn brown and dry out.

It is necessary to treat this disease immediately, since an apple tree affected by black cancer can die literally within a season.

Prevention against drying of apple tree leaves and branches

By taking preventive measures in a timely manner, you can avoid many problems, including the apple trees drying out.

Every autumn, remove and burn fallen leaves, since most pests and pathogenic microbes live in plant debris. Before carrying out sanitary or formative pruning, always disinfect garden tools, and treat the cuts with a garden solution purchased in a store or prepared yourself; this will prevent infection from entering the tree through wounds.

Weed the tree trunk circle and remove dying bark from the tree trunk, as pest larvae can hide under it. In the spring, when the buds swell, treatment with chemicals will not harm the future harvest, but will protect the tree from diseases and harmful insects.

Be sure to create a fertilizing schedule and stick to it. It is important to provide the plant with sufficient nutrition and not to overfeed it with nutrients, as this can also lead to undesirable consequences. Excess organic matter containing nitrogen makes apple trees especially attractive to aphids.

Subtleties of determining causes

Correctly identifying the causes of the disease is already a large part of the work to eliminate them. If such symptoms appear, you should pay attention to:

soil condition and its features;
relief and climate;
features of geographical location;
proper nutrition and sufficient fertilizer;
compliance with the principles of agricultural technology;
the presence or absence of pests and diseases.

Therefore, it is worthwhile to correctly approach the diagnosis of the causes, because there can be a lot of options.

Prevention

Why the apple tree does not grow (what to do)

In order not to encounter the problem of why the apple tree dries out and what to do in this case, preventive measures are needed:

If in the area where the apple tree grows the aquifer is shallow, then drainage and drainage ditches are needed. You can’t do without adding a mixture of peat, fertile soil, rotted manure, and sawdust.
By winter, apple tree trunks are well insulated and windproof shelters are installed.
Mulching is done in the fall. To do this, dry and loose compost, rotted manure, and non-coniferous sawdust (birch, alder) are poured into the tree trunk circle. If the winter is harsh and frosty, then they are additionally covered with snow.
Plants are fertilized in a timely manner, in compliance with the norms and quantity of fertilizing. When August comes, an adult tree devotes a lot of energy to bearing fruit, so it is fed with phosphorus-potassium fertilizers.

On a note. In the first year, young apple trees are not fed, since when planting the seedlings, all the necessary nutrients are added.

Spring pruning of branches (sanitary, formative) is performed correctly. Removed and damaged branches are removed from the area, the sections are disinfected and treated with garden varnish and oil paint.
Trees are checked for the presence of pests and diseases. Modern drugs can cope with any ailment.

In order for the apple orchard to please with an excellent harvest, and for the apple to be appetizing and tasty, the trees need care and attention. Then the branches will turn green, and the buds will bloom and bloom.

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The apple tree has dried up after winter, what to do?

With diseases

Cabbage seedlings turn yellow and dry out: what to do

At the first signs of a plant being damaged by a fungus or bacteria, treatment begins:

For powdery mildew, spray with a solution of fungicides (Hom, Skor, Topaz);
To treat scab and rust, the following drugs are used: Fitosporin-M, Horus, Gamair, etc. Spraying with Bordeaux mixture (1%) is carried out at intervals of 2-3 weeks. For rust, 3 treatments are enough; to treat scab, up to 7 sprays will be required.

On a note. To prevent burns when processing buds, young leaves, buds and flowers, use Bordeaux mixture with a solution concentration of no more than 1%.

Gardeners often resort to simple means. For example, you can make solutions for spraying trees yourself from copper sulfate (5 g per 10 l of water), baking soda (50 g per 10 l).

It is difficult to overcome a disease such as black cancer; it is easier to prevent it, for which a number of preventive measures are performed:

Diseased branches and leaves are removed, as fungal spores like to overwinter in fallen leaves and fruits.
Seedlings are carefully selected, examining the roots for the presence of diseased growths. Then in the spring there will be no problem as to why the young apple tree dries out and what to do with it.

To get rid of harmful insects, the plant is sprayed with a solution of drugs such as Decis, Karate, Aktelik, Iskra, Inta-Vir, Fufanon and their analogues. For common rodents and moles, special potent poisons are used, for example, the drug Ratobor.

The apple tree has dried up after winter

With malnutrition (signs of starvation)

In spring, the crown is formed correctly, excess branches are cut off so that they do not take away food;
Flowers, buds, buds are sprayed with the following preparations: Skor, Epin-extra, Ovary. Treatment is carried out before the flowers appear, then during the flowering period (May) and when flowering is completely completed (June-July).
At the end of April and beginning of May, apple trees are fed with nitrogen-containing fertilizers (ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, etc.). In June, superphosphate, potassium sulfate, and potassium nitrate are added. From organic matter, slurry and chicken manure infusion are used.

With waterlogging of the soil, proximity to groundwater

In the spring, the tree trunk circle is allowed to dry well, for which shallow drainage ditches are installed.
Places where water accumulates are covered with fertile soil.

With adverse weather conditions

The central trunk is securely covered for the winter, otherwise the tree may simply not survive the winter, completely freezing out in severe frosts.
The tree trunk circle is covered with snow.
For regions with a harsh climate, seedlings of zoned varieties with high frost resistance are purchased (for example, any winter variety - Medunitsa, Grushovka Moskovskaya, Melba, etc.).

On a note. More detailed information about growing conditions and ripening periods of any apple variety can be found in the State Register of Breeding Achievements approved for use.