Description of the Northern Shoulder grape variety, its planting and cultivation

Fruits and berries » Grapes

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Kira Stoletova

One of the interesting varieties is the Northern Shoulder grape. It contains a huge amount of vitamins and microelements, especially necessary for residents of regions with harsh climates.

Growing grapes Northern shoulder

Characteristics of the variety

The grapes belong to ancient varieties. It appeared on the Don and received its name because of its shape, the “shoulders” of the bunch.

People have come up with several more names for the Northern Shoulder grape variety:

• Goryun (looks like a mountain);
• Scree, because the berries fall off;
• Black wine due to the dark color of the berries;
• Horned brush due to the shape of the brush.

The variety is resistant to frost and is successfully grown in different regions of the country.

The Northern shoulder grass is not resistant to diseases, so it requires protective measures against fungal and viral diseases.

The variety is demanding on soil composition and moisture. When planting, it is important to conduct a preliminary soil analysis and ensure regular watering to obtain a good yield.

Description of the vine

The bred species has the following characteristics of the vine:

• great growth power;
• good ripening;
• frost resistance down to -32°C;
• average aging period.

It takes 130 days from the moment the buds open to the full ripening of the crop. Mass collection begins in the last days of August or in the first week of September (in the southern regions). Closer to the north, grape bunches ripen by September 20th.

Description of foliage

The leaves are distinguished by small notches on the sides. The veins are clearly visible on them, they are dense, with pronounced teeth.

The quality of the leaves, their density on the vine, makes it possible to decorate the area with grapes. Summer gazebos look good. It is pleasant to relax in their shade in the summer heat.

Expressive, dense, medium-sized leaves look great for decorative zoning.

Description of fruits

The fruits have a sweet taste

The berries, according to the description, have the following characteristics:

• moderate density;
• round form;
• weight - from 1 to 2 g;
• blue with a purple tint;
• thin skin;
• sugar content - 25%;
• acidity - 7 g/l.

The skin, despite its strength, is thin and delicate in taste. There is a slight white coating on the berries. The taste is sweet, with a slight sourness. There are few seeds, they come away from the pulp well.

Harvesting and storing grapes

The grapes are harvested when the berries are ripe. Remove them by carefully cutting off the bunches with pruning shears. Such brushes can be stored in a cold, dark room, for example, in a cellar, where they can remain until mid-winter. You can make juice and canned products from overripe grapes.

The main advantage of the Northern shoulder is its resistance to frost; this property makes it possible to plant and grow it even in cold climates. Like many varieties with this characteristic, it is unpretentious; standard care is sufficient. The grapes are sweet, tasty, juicy, and make excellent table wines.

Features of agricultural technology

The peculiarity of this grape is that the colder the climate in which it grows, the tastier and healthier the berries. To grow the Northern variety, you need to take into account some tricks and subtleties of agricultural technology.

Landing

To plant, wait until the ground warms up. It should thaw by at least half a meter. In the northern regions this occurs at the end of May or early June.

To wait for favorable weather, the shoulder blade is dropped into a container and left in a place where there are no drafts.

Uniform heating of the soil is achieved by digging a trench along the entire planting, on its southern side. The meltwater will recede faster, and the earth will quickly heat up to the desired temperature throughout its entire depth.

If it is impossible to dig a trench (there is not enough space or there is simply no way to drip in this place), the grapes should be planted in ridges up to 70 cm high, located in an easterly direction. This allows you to increase the temperature by 2°C, the intensity of bud growth and uniform light distribution. With this method of planting, rotting from excess moisture does not threaten the root system.

Fertilizer

The vine grows intensively and requires additional nutrients. With ridge planting, the intensity of their consumption increases significantly.

Soil enrichment is carried out several times per season. In the first ten days of May, 10-12 kg of rotted manure or other organic matter is added to each bush. This helps the growth and development of shoots and slows down the leaching of essential minerals due to rain. The fertilizer is laid out under the bushes and nothing is added in. This makes it possible to receive nutrition through the lower row of leaves, and then through the root system.

In the northern regions, fertilizers must be applied in proportion to the harvest obtained last year. This is the main feature of the fertilization procedure for this variety.

Simple agricultural technology

Despite the fact that grapes are a traditionally southern crop, they, as a plant, are not very demanding. Wild forms of this shrubby perennial vine can withstand severe frosts and tolerate short droughts. Grows on limestone and rocky soils. Thanks to this, grapes are one of the first plants that prehistoric man began to cultivate.

Where is the best place to plant

Thanks to modern breeding methods, numerous frost-resistant varieties have been developed that can be grown without cover. But for northern regions, it is recommended to cover the vine in the traditional way: with boards, mown grass or covering material. The type of shelter is not important, the main thing is that it must breathe so that during thaws the plant does not rot.

When choosing soil for planting, the gardener's options are limited by what is available on the site. The list of soil requirements is not very diverse. Most species bear fruit well not only on soils rich in organic matter, but also on poor clayey and loamy soils. In most cases, wetlands and high groundwater levels should be avoided.

How to care for a vine

Grapes, like any cultivated plant, respond well to regular care. First of all, this is spring pruning after removing the cover. There is often mold on the vine. There is no need to rush to fight it with chemicals. Wait until it dries and disappears on its own.

Most modern species are resistant to fungal diseases. But the main thing is to carry out preventive spraying of the bushes and the ground underneath them with a 3% solution of copper sulfate before the buds open. As a rule, this is enough to protect plants from pests.

The list of diseases to which grapes are exposed should be supplemented by attacks on sweet berries by hordes of wasps. After visiting them, only scallops may remain from the brushes. Special traps can help in this case, but will require periodic recharging. To combat wasps, there is an Italian folk remedy: stick a sprig of basil into each bunch. Whether this always copes with the function of a guard against wasps is unknown, but in some cases it helps.

The next stage is gartering the vine. We will not consider the popularity of trellis models for gartering vines, since they are used for large-scale plantings. At a summer cottage, it is enough to use a fence or a simple structure made of pipes and wire for these purposes.

Usually, the daughter branches of the vine from last year are strengthened in an inclined position, and the fruit shoots in a horizontal position. When the brushes mature, it is necessary to periodically remove leaves that block sunlight.

When tying vines, you can use popular models of mechanical tools.

Regular weeding and watering complete the list of care activities, and as a rule this is enough to get a good harvest of tasty berries.

Northern shoulder grapes: characteristics and description, planting and care

Northern shoulder is one of the oldest grape varieties, used mainly for making wine (for tableware purposes). The origin of the variety is unknown; many sources say that the first bushes were planted several centuries ago on the Black Sea coast of Russia.

The variety is called a favorite of winemakers; it continues to be grown, despite some shortcomings.

Characteristics and features of the variety

Northern shoulder grapes are grown as a non-covered crop in the Central, Southern, and Northwestern regions, as well as in the Far East and Siberia. The variety can withstand frosts up to 32 degrees, without any losses. Resistance to diseases and pests is relatively low. The ripening period is average, the period from the appearance of buds to harvest takes no more than 140 days. Depending on the region, this is mid-August - early September. The berries that ripen first fall off.

The variety has several other names - Goryun, because it looks like a mountain, Letun and Osypnyak (some of the ripe berries fall off), Black Wine, because of the color of the berries. The variety was nicknamed "Shoulder" and "Horned Brush" for the shape of the bunches.

Description of the plant

The bush is vigorous and requires reliable, strong support. The leaves are round, slightly elongated, strongly dissected, divided into 5 lobes, dark green. On the upper side the plate is decorated with a mesh of a contrasting, lighter shade; on the reverse side and on the veins there is a thick fluff. The branches are strong and flexible.

The brush is medium-sized (up to 300 grams), conical or cylindrical with pronounced shoulders; individual clusters can gain weight up to 1.5 kilograms. The berries are up to 3 grams, dark blue, almost black with a bluish waxy coating, round in shape with a slightly flattened top. The taste is sweet, the aroma is unobtrusive, grape without impurities. The juice yield is up to 86%, it contains 23% sugar and no more than 9 grams of acids. The pulp is juicy, tender, there are a lot of seeds, the skin is thin, almost imperceptible.

Productivity and use of berries

The berries are universal in use, suitable for making desserts, juices, compotes, and assorted fruits. As a technical grape, Northern shoulder is used for the production of balms, sparkling and regular wines, as well as for strong alcoholic drinks. The yield is stable, an adult bush produces approximately 10 kilograms of berries.

Further care of the bush

After planting, a period of plant care begins. The grapes need to be watered, fertilized, monitored, and pruned. After the end of the season, cover for the winter.

Watering and fertilizing

The young seedling is watered often at first, 1 or 2 times a week, until it takes root. 2 months after planting, you can reduce the frequency of watering to once a month. An adult bush should be watered only during drought; this is especially important, since with a lack of water, the number of grapes decreases.

Fertilizing is carried out starting next year after planting. At first, they fertilize only in the spring; after the start of fruiting, the bush is fertilized at least 3 times: before the leaves begin to bloom, after the fruits set, and when they reach the size of a pea. At the first feeding, nitrogen-containing fertilizers are applied, at the 2nd and 3rd – phosphorus-potassium fertilizers.

See also

Description of grape variety Victor-2 or Sympathy, planting and cultivationRead

Pruning crop

In the fall or next year, in the spring you need to prune the shoots of the Northern shoulder grapes. Remove all old and fruit-bearing shoots, dry and damaged, or frozen in the spring. After flowering, leave no more than 2 inflorescences on each shoot so as not to overload the plant.

Winter period

Despite the fact that, according to its characteristics, the variety can withstand frost down to -30˚C, in the northern regions the grapes need to be covered. To do this, the shoots are removed from the trellis, tied together and laid on the ground.

Expert opinion

Zarechny Maxim Valerievich

Agronomist with 12 years of experience. Our best country expert.

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The top is covered with insulating material. In other, warmer regions, only the soil can be insulated.

Advantages and disadvantages

Modern hybrids and grape varieties are developed in such a way that the plant causes as little trouble as possible during cultivation and produces the largest possible yields. Old varieties have mixed characteristics, they are not ideal, but they are stable. Pros of the Northern Shoulder:

• productivity;
• the bush does not need to be wrapped every autumn;
• arbitrary trimming;
• versatility in use.

• weak immunity to diseases (mildew, oidium, gray rot);
• berry shedding;
• short shelf life (no more than 3 weeks in the refrigerator);
• poor transportability.

The variety is suitable for beginner gardeners; the main thing that you will have to carefully study is the correct system of preventive treatments. The flower is bisexual, the variety bears fruit well without pollinators, but the best results are observed when adjacent to Tsimlyansk black grapes. If you mix these varieties when making wine, the drink will turn out tastier than separately.

Growing conditions

It is possible (but not at all necessary) to take risks by leaving the vine to overwinter on the gazebo. There are gardens where the grapes are not pruned, but overwinter on a gazebo or trellis. There is less labor, but there is a risk of freezing; the harvest is smaller and inconvenient to harvest. Therefore, in the north, it is still better to cut the grapes on the gazebo in the fall and hide them under the snow for the winter. After all, in the summer the vines will grow several meters and cover the entire surface.

Careful pruning of grapevines on an arbor is important from the very beginning. It will help young plants focus their energy on growing upwards

When the grapes reach the top of the structure, pruning should continue carefully

Features of cultivation

The Northern shoulder grape is very demanding on the composition and structure of the soil, as well as on moisture. The soil must be permeable and fertile. Planting is carried out in the spring, when the soil has warmed to a depth of 100 cm, or in the fall, 2–3 weeks before the onset of frost. The place is sunny, warm, protected from strong winds. The groundwater level should be as low as possible.

Before planting, be sure to cut the roots, leave no more than 15 cm, and soak them in water for 2 days. Immediately after planting or before sheltering for the winter, the shoots are shortened to 3 buds.

When planting several bushes, leave a distance of at least 1.5 meters between them. Dig a hole 50 cm deep, prepare a soil mixture of turf soil, sand, humus (one part at a time) and half a part of wood ash. First, a little less than half of the prepared soil is poured into the hole, compacted, a seedling is placed in the middle, the roots are straightened and covered with the rest of the soil. The root collar is left on the surface.

At least 2 buckets of water are poured immediately under each bush, and after 2 weeks the procedure is repeated. Subsequent watering is carried out during prolonged dry periods and always in the fall before wintering. After watering and rain, the earth is loosened to a depth of 10 cm. Before the onset of frost, the bush is covered with a bulk container and completely covered with earth. Shelter is necessary only in the first year after planting. In spring and autumn, the tree trunk circle is mulched with humus.

Mineral or organic fertilizing can be carried out only when necessary, when the bush is developing poorly or showing signs of starvation. However, experienced winegrowers advise fertilizing the variety with organic matter every spring, in proportion to the harvest obtained last year. Immediately after the snow melts, wood ash should be added to the soil - a liter per square meter, for shallow digging.

How to trim a bush

In the first year, the strongest shoot of three buds is left, the rest are cut off in the first half of July. If in the summer the branch grows to one and a half meters, it is cut into 3 leaves, and in the fall the shoot is shortened to 3-4 eyes. In the second year, choose the 2 strongest branches directed in different directions, tie them to the trellis, pinch the rest above the 3rd leaf and also tie them up. During the entire growing season, all regrown stepsons are broken out. When the shoots grow up to a meter in length, they are directed inside the bush, the stepsons are pinched, leaving 2-3 leaves.

In years with an excessively large harvest, normalization is required. Remove excess clusters to ensure even ripening of the berries.

In the future, in the spring or autumn, you can carry out arbitrary dooms, remove immature, weak, excess and dry shoots. It is important not to let it become too thick; this will negatively affect the quality of the berries and the quantity of the harvest; also, with dense growth of the branches, the risk of developing diseases increases.

Diseases and pests

Due to the predisposition of the Northern shoulder blade to various diseases, comprehensive preventive treatments should be carried out every year. We describe the calendar of procedures in the table.

Mildew - 3% copper sulfate or Azophos.

Oidium - Colloidal sulfur, Cumulus, Quadris and other sulfur-based preparations.

In the summer, if signs of gray rot are detected, spray the bushes with potassium permanganate of medium concentration (5–7 grams per bucket of water). During the period of ripening of berries, biological products are purchased for processing - Gamair or Alirin. The bunches are protected from wasps with gauze bags or special nets, and traps with sweet fillings are also placed.

The northern shoulder-grass has long been loved by winegrowers; it has already become a classic. The variety has successfully passed many years of testing in different regions of Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Moldova and other countries. During the ripening period, in order not to lose crumbling berries, lay or hang polyethylene under the bushes; the collected, clean carrion can be used for compote.

Varietal characteristics

The Don Zori variety has a vine-like, medium- or vigorous-growing bush, characterized by a special growth rate. The clusters have an attractive appearance, and the berries have a harmonious taste with a slight tartness. Expert tasters rated the taste qualities of fresh fruits of this variety quite highly - 8.2 points.

The berries of the Don Dawns are large, the minimum weight is 5 g, the maximum is 10 g

Table: basic characteristics of the Don Dawns hybrid

These grapes belong to very early ripening varieties - 105–110 days. The harvest can be harvested at the end of August - early September (depending on the weather). A young bush begins to bear fruit 2–3 years after planting. The vine ripens well and quite early. In the absence of frosts and heavy rainfall, ripened clusters can remain on the bush until the beginning of October.

When overhanging, the berries may become raisinized.

The brushes on the Don Zori grape bush are formed almost identical in shape and size and can reach a kilogram weight

The grape form I-2–1-1 is attractive due to its yield level: the fertility of each bunch is 65–70%, the average number of bunches per fruiting shoot is 1.2–1.4.

The flowers of this grape are functionally bisexual, so there is no need to plant pollinating varieties nearby. Pollination occurs well; measures to improve it are not required.

Donskie Zori grapes bloom in early to mid-June, but the specific timing depends on the amount of active temperatures in the period

The bush is frost-resistant down to -24 0 C, but nevertheless this variety requires shelter for the winter, since many winegrowers note freezing of fruit shoots without special insulation.

One of the characteristics of the Don Zori grapes is the average resistance to mildew disease, and the lack of immunity to oidium (signs of the disease: curling of the leaves, the presence of gray spots on them, brown spots on the vine, the appearance of mold on the shoots). You can fight this disease with the help of colloidal sulfur, as well as the drugs Bayleton, Topaz, Skor.

If affected by oidium, the Don Dawns crop may die

Another negative feature of the Don Dawns is the frequent rotting of the berries inside the bunch. This happens most often after heavy rainfall or when the cluster is heavily filled with fruit. In the first case, washing the bunch with Farmayod according to the instructions will save you from gray rot. In the second case, timely rationing of the crop helps.

The hybrid form Don Zori has good compatibility with many grape varieties and can serve as both a rootstock and a scion when grafting. This property has a positive effect on the quantity and quality of the crop. Easily propagated by cuttings that quickly take root.

One of the positive qualities of the hybrid form I-2–1-1 is that cracking of berries due to waterlogging is rarely observed. Wasps and birds do not harm the crop due to the dense and elastic skin of the fruit, which is practically not felt when eaten.

The transportability of fruits of the variety is average. The best transportation option is bunches laid out in boxes in one layer.

Table: advantages and disadvantages of Don Zori grapes

• early fruiting;
• stable yield;
• bisexual flowers
• attractive appearance;
• high sugar content in berries and pleasant taste;
• rare cases of cracking and damage to fruits by pests;
• frost resistance;
• average resistance to mildew;
• high compatibility during grafting;
• possibility of simple propagation by chibouks.

• lack of resistance to oidium;
• the green-white color of grapes with a lack of sun resembles unripe fruits;
• the need for crop rationing;
• frequent rotting of berries inside the bunch;
• special conditions for transporting fruits.

Reviews

I live in a region with a humid climate, and oddly enough, the Northern Shoulder has never been sick for 10 years, although many complain about its weak immunity. Taking into account my growing conditions, I concluded that there will be no illnesses if new table varieties are not planted nearby and the bushes are properly cared for. I don’t do pruning “according to the rules”; every year I shape the bush the way I want, the harvests are always excellent. During the summer, I remove all fallen leaves and berries, and add a layer of mulch for the winter.

I’ve been growing shoulder grass for 8 years, there is also an old bush, I don’t know how old it is, I got it from the old owners of the dacha. I noticed an interesting detail - in one year there are a lot of clusters, they are medium in size, loose, but the next season the clusters are dense and large. This happens from year to year, while the yield remains at the same level. The taste is pleasant, the berries are very sweet, the juice yield is good - perfect for wine! I recommend planting, but be prepared for constant treatments against diseases.

White northern species

A variety of white northern grapes, very sweet. It is quite versatile. Like other late varieties, it ripens in the second half of September. Taste and other qualities are the same as northern black:

1. Vigorous.
2. Amount of harvest.
3. Sugar content up to 25%.
4. Frost-resistant.

Fungal diseases are very rare in northern whites. It is this quality that is the main indicator of a healthy and strong bush. The flowers of this variety are also bisexual and do not require additional pollination. The white northern variety is found in areas of the northern regions where the air temperature is lower than in the southern regions. White grapes are suitable for making wines and juices. It has a very strong aroma and nutmeg taste. The white look is no different from the black one in all respects. It is these factors that allow it to be used when landing in colder regions. The presence of these two northern varieties on the site will give a harvest and the possibility of a variety of tastes, both the berries themselves and the resulting juice and wine. White grapes of the “northern” type were described by Michurin himself. His words always pointed to the harvest and positive properties of this species. The white type of northern grape is capable of crossing with “Brandt”, an equally well-known grape.

Small, round berries stick tightly to the brush. Its shape can be either cone-shaped or another. They are all different from each other. White grapes always have sweeter notes and a muscat aroma. Northern in this regard is no exception.

Caring for the Northern White

Planting such grapes is not a problem. The main thing is to take into account the fact that on rich soil, white grapes will grow intensively, but will not bear fruit. It should not be fertilized. It is best to choose sunny places. This will help the bush develop faster and the grapes will turn out sweeter. If there is no such place, then only in such cases should the bush be fertilized. In the first weeks, these grapes require frequent watering. If the weather conditions are without precipitation, then this should be done every other day. This species will begin to bear fruit around the 3rd year of its life. The berries will be sweet and small. Every year, if handled correctly, the harvest will constantly increase and in a few years will repay you for all the work you have done to care for it. Some winegrowers advise not to rush into quickly planting grapes, but to let them get used to the site. For this they use pots. With their help, they not only help you get used to the ground, but also get stronger. To do this, it is usually placed on the sunny side. Once the grapes gain strength for independent growth, they can be replanted along with the old soil into pre-prepared holes. It should be covered with earth so that a mound is formed on the site, under each bush. In general, planting northern grapes of any variety is not difficult. The methods differ little from each other.

Traditionally, grapes are considered a heat-loving crop that does not have very good winter hardiness. Many varieties, when grown in northern regions, require good shelter for the winter. However, over several hundred years, forms have been obtained that are highly tolerant to low temperatures. Northern sweet grapes are one of these frost-resistant types of cultivated grapes.

Characteristics of grapes

The berries, covered with a light waxy coating, are endowed with a rich wine color - black. The shape of the berries is oval. The cylindrical shape of the brush looks spreading, which is why the “Shoulder” is often popularly called the Horned Brush. The weight of an average bunch is 350 g, and ideally it can be one and a half kilograms. The size of an individual berry reaches one and a half cm. The rounded leaf of the grape is slightly elongated, medium in size. Bristles are visible on the veins. The flowers of the plant are predominantly female. The ripening process takes about 140 days.

Advantages of the variety

The variety is a wine variety, but is sometimes used as a table variety. It has a sweet taste and is juicy. The main advantage of the variety is that it is not necessary to cover the grapes for the winter. The variety can survive frost of -32 °C. Therefore, it is suitable for growing in cold climates. Resistance to diseases is average. If you follow all the basic rules of agricultural technology, it is possible to harvest 10 kg of grapes from 1 m2 of land. The sugar content of Northern Shoulder is 23%.

Negative aspects of the variety

The variety is not highly resistant to diseases, so it requires careful care. Fungal diseases are not uncommon, after which it is necessary to treat the plant. Mildew disease is especially dangerous. Under its influence, the entire crop may die. Diseases can be avoided if the soil is as fertile as possible and the planting site is sufficiently moist. Also among the disadvantages, summer residents note the high shedding of grape berries. Artificial pollination can save the situation. Harvesting grapes requires special care, since the skin of the berries is thin and will instantly crack if pressed inaccurately.

How to feed grapes

After May 15, about 10 kg of manure (rotted) should be added to each plant. It is laid out on the surface of the soil right under the bushes, without embedding it in the ground. This method is highly effective when growing crops in beds. Manure placed in this way will provide the grape bush with the necessary amount of organic matter.

How to feed grapes? Can organic fertilizers be used? Note that they are widely used as top dressing, it can be ash or compost. Weeds and fallen leaves are also a source of useful substances. However, they must be promptly removed from the area around grapes and other plants, otherwise they can cause the development of pathogenic microorganisms and lead to plant diseases. To use them for fertilizer, you should make water infusions from them or mulch the soil.

Features of care

Planting of grapes is carried out in autumn or spring. The southern and southwestern sides are ideal, protecting the plant from the influence of winds. The depth of the pit is half a meter. When planting, use a mixture of sand, humus and wood ash. Breeding Northern Pleschistik involves cross-pollination. This means that it is alternated with other plants on the site. Tsimlyansky black is the most suitable neighborhood. Planting is done at the rate of 1.5 m between plants. In this case, there is an alternation of grape varieties in each row.

Before flowering, the grapes are additionally pollinated. This way you are much more likely to get a rich harvest. The flowering period occurs on June 10. If in the first year of planting the shoot has grown to a level of 1.5 m, then the top is pinched into 3 leaves. It is important to know that the more leaves the vine has, the better the plant’s root system develops. Every year in the spring, chicken manure or compost is added to the soil. At night, when the temperature drops below 1°C, it is customary to insulate the root system. Humus is poured under the bush. The vine itself is placed on boards, covered with branches of pruned trees and film.

Winter period

The main advantage of the variety, first of all, is that it is not covered, and, therefore, does not require additional care. Before the onset of cold weather, they begin to prune the grapes. The vines are not buried, which also saves time and energy costs for gardeners.

Description of the variety

Ornamental grapes are a perennial plant that grows rapidly. It is worth noting that the vines of this crop are able to cling to almost any surface and stretch upward, and its tendrils help the plant to gain a foothold on a vertical plane.

Important! Maiden grapes require virtually no care and can literally braid large areas in a short period of time. Maiden grapes are characterized by the following features:

Maiden grapes are characterized by the following features:

• the plant has luxurious foliage;
• if the material is planted in the spring, the crop will delight you with a dark, rich green color throughout the summer;
• if girlish grapes are planted in the fall, the foliage will acquire purple tones;
• during the flowering period, fragrant inflorescences are formed on the crop, attracting insects;
• the fruits of the plant ripen by September, but they are not edible, but are only decorative;
• this variety has strong immunity to fungi;
• decorative variety is resistant to attacks by insect pests;
• The plant is highly resistant to frost and does not require shelter.

As described above, caring for virgin grapes is simple. Moreover, this variety has high survival rate and durability.

Advantages

Tripointed maiden grapes can most often be found in summer cottages, due to the fact that this ornamental crop has many advantages, namely:

• vines are able to disguise the most unsightly areas in the country;
• this variety is well suited as a decorative wall covering;
• with the help of this culture you can create a wide variety of hedge shapes;
• the decorative variety is most often used to form living fences;
• girlish grapes on the balcony will protect such a structure from gusty winds and precipitation;
• with the help of this plant you can create a cozy shade in gazebos;
• this culture can protect the room from dust, fungus and improve the microclimate.

It is able to protect the building from strong heat in hot weather. And in general, such a culture will please the eye and help create a small island of freshness in the hottest weather. That is why wild grapes on the balcony are a fairly common occurrence.

Disadvantages of culture

But this culture has not only a lot of advantages. Despite the fact that this variety does not require care and grows well on terraces and balconies, before planting it, it is still worth knowing about certain negative aspects so that you do not have to get rid of decorative grapes.

So, the disadvantages of culture:

• sprouts are able to penetrate under the roofing material and thereby render it unusable;
• often this culture leads to the destruction of the plaster on the building;
• the root system of the grapes can damage the foundation of the building;
• uncontrolled growth of the crop can create shadows on windows and clog gutters.

In addition to the points described above, it is important for novice gardeners to take into account that after the leaves fall, the facade of the building can look very dull. However, if you consider that most of the time of the year ivy still pleases its owners with its beauty, then the last drawback is completely worth it.

If the fence is located a meter from the building, then you can plant wild grapes along the fence, but you must maintain a distance of 40 cm from the wall of the building.

Reviews from winegrowers about the variety

Vladislav, 56 years old, Simferopol

Overall, I'm happy with the result, there are some comments, but I think it's not that significant. You can’t ignore the crumbling behavior, but at the same time, Pleschistik also has its own advantages. The berries are very sweet, juicy and harmonious in taste. If you are not afraid of difficulties in the care process, then feel free to experiment.

Inessa, 47 years old, Rostov-on-Don

I am still a beginner winegrower and have not yet had time to comprehend all the basics of this difficult task. I would like to note that grapes not only taste good, but also look aesthetically pleasing and colorful. The berries form dense clusters. I probably won’t be able to give up Northern Shoulder for a long time, I really love it.

Konstantin, 42 years old, Yaroslavl region

I didn’t think that in our area I could get such an amazing result. He grew grapes to produce sparkling wine. The variety did not disappoint. Of course, I used several grape varieties for the blend at the same time. The berries often burst, but this did not cause me any trouble, quite the opposite.

Very early varieties

If you plant very early grape varieties, the harvest can occur as early as July. For northern regions, it is preferable to choose the following varieties:

1. Laura. This variety has oval berries that are large in size and have excellent taste. The pulp is soft and dense. One bunch weighs up to 3 kg. Refers to high-yielding. Laura is one of the market leaders. Here you can learn more about the characteristics of Laura grapes.

Russian early. This grape has medium-sized fruit and is distinguished by its juiciness. One bunch can weigh up to 0.6 kg. The variety also received a second name - candy. This is due to its high taste. Average yield, easy to care for, can be grown in a greenhouse for grapes. Harvesting can occur at the end of July.

Muscat Donskoy. The bush has medium-sized berries, and the weight of one bunch reaches 0.3 kg. Used to produce high-quality juices and wine. The grapes are distinguished by the aroma of tea rose.

Muscat delight. The fruits are large in size, one bunch reaches 0.6 kg, an excellent nutmeg. And here you can find out about reviews of Muscat grapes Delight.

Super exta. The grapes are distinguished by their large berries. The pulp is dense and juicy. The bunch weighs up to 1 kg. The grapes can remain on the bushes for a long time and not change their presentation.

Viking. Allows you to grow a bunch of large fruits. It is slightly elongated and weighs up to 0.4 kg. It has an average yield and excellent taste. When trimming a fruit shoot, you should leave at least 12 eyes.

Frost-resistant grapes Northern Pleschistik - a favorite of winemakers

Northern Plechistik is one of the very old, perhaps even ancient, grape varieties that were originally grown on the Don. It owes its name to the special shape of the bunch, which forms “shoulders” due to the developed upper blades, and special frost resistance. This grape is also known under other names: Goryun, Osypnyak (due to the strongly crumbling berries), Black wine (for the color of the berries), Horned brush (for the shape of the brush).

Characteristics

Due to its increased resistance to frost, Northern Pleschistik is currently grown in many regions of the Russian Federation. It can be found even in the Yaroslavl region. However, this variety is not very resistant to diseases, especially fungal ones, and is severely and often affected by mildew, after which careful treatment is required.

To obtain a large harvest, the soil for planting must be fertile, and the planting area must be provided with moisture.

Shoulder bisexual - Don grape variety - grapes

159 (67). Shoulder

* (In the description, the characteristics that represent the most characteristic differences from the Tsimlyansky black variety, with which Plechistik has a very strong resemblance, are marked with a (+) sign. The most reliable difference is the type of flower - functionally female in Pleschistik, bisexual in Tsimlyansky black.

)

Leaves

medium size, round or somewhat elongated in length (ovoid), wavy-funnel-shaped, very deeply cut, five-lobed, with the middle lobe often elongated in the form of a “tongue” and divided by deep additional notches of three lobes (+) (especially in the lower leaves); slightly shiny above (+), reticulate-wrinkled, below with dense cobwebby, almost felt-like pubescence and with bristles on the veins. The upper notches are deep, closed with round, ovoid or even transversely oval openings, occasionally with a spur (tooth) at the bottom. The lower notches are also deep, closed with ovoid openings or open lyre-shaped. The petiole recess is closed with an irregularly rounded or transversely oval lumen, and the bottom is often limited by the lower pair of main veins. The teeth at the ends of the blades are large, triangular, and sharp. The marginal denticles usually have slightly convex sides and are sharp.

Rice.
59. Shoulder Flowers

functionally feminine (+).
The clusters
are of medium size (15-18 cm in length), conical and cylindrical-conical, in typical cases with two prominent upper lobes, forming, as it were, “shoulders” (hence the name of the variety), of varying density - from dense to very loose, crumbling.
The berries are
medium-sized, round and slightly flattened (+), dark blue, covered with a thick waxy coating. The skin is of medium thickness, fragile. The pulp is melting and juicy. The taste is ordinary, highly sugary, harmonious.

Characteristics of the variety.

Pleschistik mixed with Tsimlyansk black (see p. 368) forms the basis of ancient Tsimlyansk vineyards, which have gained wide fame for their original red sparkling wines, the type of which is not repeated anywhere in the world winemaking. Both varieties seem to complement each other and are always used for processing together (the best ratio is 1:1). Pleschistik is also found in other Don vineyards called Goryun. In recent years, it has been widely propagated in new plantings (in particular, in the state farms of the Don Champagne Winery) in mixed row plantings with Tsimlyansk Black, which simultaneously plays the role of a pollinator variety. In other wine-growing regions of the USSR, the variety is found only in collections and in variety plots.

Pleschistik belongs to the varieties of the middle ripening period.

The variety is characterized by strong growth and good ripening of the vines. With large formations of bushes (Don bowl) on rich, moisture-supplied soils and with good conditions for cross-pollination, Pleschistik is capable of producing high yields, but in arid steppe conditions and on trellis formations its yield becomes only average. The variety is very strongly affected by mildew and requires well-organized protection against this disease, which, with strong development, can destroy the entire crop in a few days. The winter hardiness of Pleschistik is low, but still somewhat better than Tsimlyansk black. In severely frosty, snowless winters on light sandy loam soils, the roots of the variety are damaged, although the above-ground parts of the bushes, covered with soil with organic materials (straw, weedy hay, etc.), usually overwinter safely.

The variety is distinguished by its ability to accumulate very high sugars - up to 25-27%, especially if harvesting is delayed until the berries are overripe. The variety's harvest is used mainly for making red sparkling wines. Recently, experiments have been carried out to produce dessert wines from the berries of the Plechistik variety.

The variety is included in the standard assortment of the Rostov region. It deserves wide production testing in other wine-growing regions of the USSR.

Features of cultivation

Northern Pleschistik requires cross-pollination, so when planting it must be alternated with a pollinator plant. For this grape, this is the Tsimlyansky black variety. The planting pattern is every 1.5 m, alternating rows of different species.

For a higher guaranteed yield, the grapes are additionally pollinated and must be pinched before flowering, which occurs on June 10th.

Wintering

The grapes of this variety are non-covering varieties, which is an additional advantage. This means that he spends the winter quietly in the open air. Before the cold weather, the grapes are pruned, removed from the trellis and simply pinned to the ground. There is no need to bury the vine of this variety, which greatly saves time and effort.

Early varieties

In areas with a harsh climate, the following early grape varieties can be planted:

1. Codrianka. The variety is too large in size. They have an oval shape. The flesh is dense and crispy. The grapes have excellent taste. One bunch weighs up to 0.6 kg. The variety is productive and responds positively to fertilizers and fertilizing. It will also be interesting to know about reviews about the Codryanka grape variety.

Prometheus. It is distinguished by large-sized fruits. The aroma is nutmeg. The shape of the berries is oval. One bunch weighs up to 0.8 kg. Grapes have one drawback. When there is a sharp change in humidity, cracks appear on the berries. When watering, drip irrigation must be used.

Long awaited. The fruit is large in size and has high taste. The flesh is dense, fleshy and crispy. One bunch reaches 1.5 kg.

Transfiguration. The grapes are large, have dense pulp and excellent taste. One bunch can weigh up to 2 kg. It is considered one of the most productive and promising. Here you can learn more about the characteristics of the Preobrazhenie grapes

Anyuta. Distinguished by large berries. Its shape is oval, the flesh is dense and juicy. One bunch weighs up to 1 kg. It is classified as high-yielding.

Cabernet. This grape has medium-sized berries. Can weigh up to 0.8 kg. Berries contain high concentrations of sugar. Used to produce high-quality juices and wine.

Illichevsky early. The berry is medium in size. One bunch weighs up to 0.4 kg. Refers to technical ones. It is used to produce juices and table wine. The yield is average.

Odessa Muscat. It has a medium sized berry. It has a pleasant aroma. Weighs up to 0.12 kg. It is classified as technical and is used to produce muscat juices and dessert wines. The berries are distinguished by their high sugar content.

Northern Saperavi. The berry is medium in size, and the bunch weighs up to 0.3 kg. The fruits are used to obtain juices and dark-colored table wine. Grapes have also proven themselves excellent as a dye.

Dove. It has a medium sized berry. Contains high concentrations of sugar. Weighs up to 0.2 kg. Refers to technical ones. Can be used to produce wine and juice, including Cahors.

Black delight. The berry is large, and the pulp is juicy and fleshy. One bunch weighs up to 2.5 kg. It is classified as vigorous, as the height of the bush reaches 5 m.

Regent. This variety has medium-sized berries, one bunch weighs up to 0.3 kg. Refers to technical ones. Suitable for producing juices and table wines such as Cabernet. The variety has excellent mildew resistance.

It will also be interesting to see what the fruit grape Kishmish Luchistyj looks like: //gidfermer.com/sadovodstvo/frukty/sort-vinograda-kishmish-luchistyj.html

But you can see what Super Extra grapes look like in the photo here.

Flaws

One of the most pronounced disadvantages of this variety is significant shedding of berries. For this, the variety even received alternative names, such as Goryun and Osypnyak. To avoid this, additional, in particular artificial, pollination is necessary.

When properly grown, the Northern Pleschistik variety is very productive, with berries that are quite large and sweet for a technical variety, dark in color with a waxy tint. The berries are collected in dense clusters that can weigh up to 1.5 kg (though usually less). True, the skin of the grapes is thin and easily bursts when pressed, so care is required when harvesting.

Main characteristics

“Northern Saperavi” is a grape with fruits that are quite large for a technical variety.

Maturation period and class

This is a medium-late ripening variety - the growing season lasts 140-145 days, the harvest can be harvested in the 2nd or 3rd decade of September. Medium-late varieties also include such a technical variety as “Livadian black”.

Bush

The bushes are characterized by medium or weak growth vigor, they have a massive trunk and a large number of strong, powerful shoots. In young shoots, the crowns, like young leaves with cobwebby pubescence of medium density, are colored light green; when ripening, the shoots become brown.

The leaf blades are medium-sized, round and ovoid, can be almost entire, funnel-shaped or three-lobed with a weak dissection, jagged edges and light pubescence on the underside. In spring the leaves are bright green; in autumn they turn wine-red. The flowers are bisexual, so the variety does not require additional pollination.

Bunches and berries

The clusters are medium dense or loose, conical in shape. The average weight of each brush is 100-150 g.

The berries are small or medium-sized, oval in shape, weigh on average 0.7-1.2 g, covered with a durable dark blue skin with a rather thick layer of pruin coating.

The pulp is juicy, the juice is thick, dark pink in color, there are 2-5 small seeds inside. The sugar content of the berries is 20.7-25%, and the acidity is 6.2-11.3 g/l.

Reference! The sugar content of the fruit depends on the growing region - in the southern climate it reaches 28% with an acid level of 8.6 g/l.

Northern Pleschistik grapes

Over its centuries-long history of cultivation, this winter-hardy variety has earned respect from winegrowers and hobbyists. It owes its name to the special shape of the bunch, which forms “shoulders” due to the developed upper blades, and special frost resistance (up to -32 ° C). The bunch is dense, conical or cylindrical, and can gain weight up to 1.5 kg. The berries are dark blue, almost black, with a bluish waxy coating, round in shape. The taste is sweet, the aroma is unobtrusive, grape, without impurities. Ripens in medium terms. Due to its juiciness, it gives a juice yield of up to 86%. The pulp is juicy, tender, the skin is thin, almost imperceptible. It has very high productivity. The flower is bisexual. Overwinters without shelter.

The price is for 1 grape seedling. Postal distribution of grape seedlings is carried out in SPRING.

Comparison with analogues

Let's look at “northern saperavi” in comparison with the grape varieties most similar to it.