Planting garlic in open ground, technology and scheme: how to grow from summer bulbs, how much is needed for 1 hundred square meters, what method of processing and preparing seeds Russian farmer

Landing Features

Planting garlic depends on several determining factors. Let's consider the features of planting this vegetable crop:

Garlic varieties have two large groups - spring and winter. They differ in properties and planting methods. Spring garlic is moderately hot, contains up to 25 cloves in the head, and the stem is soft. It is famous for its keeping quality and is planted in spring. The winter variety has large teeth and a dense stem. Gives large harvests, which come at the time of home harvesting. Planted in autumn. It is not stored for a long time (read our article for more information on whether it is possible to plant winter garlic in the spring).
Planting garlic depends on the climatic conditions of the area. Early snowfalls will help to insulate the crops, the need for shelter will disappear; in the northern regions, covering is mandatory.
Planting agricultural technology includes: compliance with crop rotation, planting dates, the presence of a sunny area, loamy soil, not using fresh manure, pre-sowing work, mandatory mulching when planting before winter.
To obtain a large amount of high-quality planting material, bulbous seeds of bolting varieties are used.

How many cloves of garlic do you need for 1 acre? Garlic yield per 1 ha in Russia

Garlic is a productive crop, which is why novice businessmen love to cultivate it. What kind of crop do farmers harvest from 1 acre? According to statistics, from 90 to 300-500 kg or from 9 to 50 tons of bulbs (heads) are collected from 1 hectare (ha).

Garlic has two varieties: winter and spring. They differ significantly in appearance, planting time, and care. Winter, compared to spring, usually produces a higher yield, which is associated with cold resistance and the ability to use moisture obtained as a result of snowmelt for growth.

Winter

Winter crops are planted before winter 15-20 days before the first persistent frost. It takes 8–9 months to develop. The bulb has a small number (4-10) of cloves adjacent to the stem (flower arrow). The average weight of the bulb is 50-60 g.

The bulbs are expelled by flower shoots, on which aerial bulbs (bulbs) are formed. If they are present, the mother bulb becomes smaller and the yield decreases. With large areas, it is difficult to remove the arrows from garlic, so the cost of the product increases.

Benefis is considered the most productive variety - 35 tons per hectare. 25 tons per 1 hectare can be obtained by growing the Messido variety, 15-20 - Spas, 18 - Petrovsky and 11.5 tons per 1 hectare - Polessky Souvenir.

Spring

Spring crops are planted in early spring (late March - early April), when the soil still contains a lot of moisture, but is already warmed up to plus 5-7°C. A spring garlic bulb fully ripens in 4-5 months. It has a large number of cloves (12-30). Head weight – about 15-30 g.

As a rule, spring garlic does not bolt, with the exception of the Gulliver variety. By following agrotechnical measures, high yields are achieved.

Spring garlic can be stored for a long time without loss of taste and beneficial properties - up to 2 years. Moreover, it can be stored at room temperature.

Of the spring varieties, the most productive variety is Aleysky. With proper cultivation, its yield reaches 14-16 tons of bulbs per hectare. The yield of varieties Sochi 56 and Strelets ranges from 7 to 12 tons per 1 hectare, Pluton - from 7 to 9, and Elenovsky - from 6 to 7 tons per 1 hectare.

How to choose material?

Garlic for planting is carefully selected - the future harvest depends on the planting material: Cloves, bulbs and single cloves must be:

Healthy, dense, not damaged by pests or diseases.
Not overdried, not rotten.
Medium size or large (bulbs at least 0.3 cm).

The variety of garlic to be planted is purple with stripes. It is unpretentious and frost-resistant, can be stored for up to 9 months, and the heads weigh up to 150 g.

Heat generator

An example of pre-planting technology is a heat generator for drying a spicy vegetable.

Garlic is placed in this equipment for 24 hours. The air warms up to 35°C. Eventually the bulbs dry out and become suitable for further crushing.

Once the crushing process has been completed (cleaning and crushing is done manually or using a crushing line, as well as garlic sizing), a phytosanitary treatment apparatus can be used. But such equipment is too large and expensive, so it is used only on large farms.

Working hours

The timing of planting garlic depends on the following factors:

Climatic zone. In some areas, the plant is planted twice a year: in spring and autumn (before winter). The air temperature should be up to +10°C. In the south, it is November, in temperate latitudes, starting from September. Frosts must be at least two weeks away. The root system should develop, but the sprout has not yet appeared. Otherwise, the plant will not survive the winter.
Embedment depths. If you plant to a depth of up to 20 cm, then it is more advisable to plant at the end of the summer period and provide care in the fall. When planting (up to 8 cm) - two weeks before stable frosts.
Varieties. Winter vegetables are planted in autumn, spring vegetables in spring.

Sometimes gardeners use the lunar or sowing calendar for the year to calculate the exact date of planting vegetables.

Choosing a variety of garlic.

Winter varieties of garlic come in two forms: bolting and non-shooting; spring varieties do not bolt.

Growing season:

Spring garlic life is 90 – 110 days.
Non-shooting winter garlic – 75 – 90 days.
Winter bolting garlic – 110 – 120 days.

Winter varieties are planted in the fall, they are more productive and are stored until January. Spring varieties are planted in the spring; they are less productive, but are stored well until spring.

In industrial cultivation, the most common varieties are:

Winter shooters - Promin, Parus, Leader, Prometheus, Sofievsky, Spas, Starobelsky, Yubileiny Gribovsky, Donetsk violet, Kharkov violet.

Winter non-shooting crops - Ukrainian White, Saki.

What tools are used?

There are various devices for planting vegetables. A smart choice will make the work easier. Tools for planting garlic:

Manual garlic cutter. This is a simple, economical mechanism that is transported and adjusted by hand. It is suitable for those gardeners whose property is not large. This mechanism must maintain a straight line when planting, deepen the soil to the desired depth, and place the cloves evenly.
Seeder for garlic. A device that makes the planting process less labor-intensive. Effective with large volumes of land devoted to garlic. The soil is pre-prepared by leveling. The principle of operation is that the coulter cuts grooves into which the seeds are placed. Then the coulters cover the cloves with soil and hill up the beds.
Seeder with mini tractor. Greatly reduces the time spent on work, but requires high fuel consumption. The presence of compaction rollers helps complete the planting process. The ability to use cloves and “bulbs” as planting material.
Homemade garlic planter. A step is welded to the metal pipe. To create a hole in the ground, place your foot on the step and press down on it. A clove of garlic is placed in the resulting hole and covered with soil mixed with ash.

More information about the types of garlic planters can be found here.

What influences high yields?

Getting a rich harvest from one hundred square meters or 1 hectare is influenced by a lot of factors that you should know before you start cultivating the crop:

To begin with, it is important to consider the composition of the soil where the crop will be cultivated. The best yield can be expected in loamy soil with low or optimal acidity. Moreover, the more fertilizers based on organic matter and minerals are added to the soil, the higher the yields.
Compliance with crop rotation is an important point that affects crop productivity. It is best to plant garlic after legumes, cabbage and melons (zucchini, eggplant, pumpkins), as well as after green manure. Throughout the growing season, such precursors fill the soil with useful macro- and microelements, which has a positive effect on the growth of garlic heads, which will be larger and healthier. A special table can help you choose the best predecessor, which indicates which vegetable grows better after which.
Purchasing material for planting - first it is recommended to decide what type of garlic you will plant (winter or spring). In the first case, the bulbs will be strong and large (most often, the photo shows bulbs of winter varieties), and in the second, the harvest will be stored longer. Experienced gardeners advise purchasing productive local varieties that are zoned for a specific cultivation region.

Cloves or single cloves, which were obtained by growing garlic bulbs, are used as planting material.

When cultivating a crop on a small plot of land, you can plant seed and harvest it yourself, manually, while harvesting a hectare will require equipment - a tractor with special equipment or a walk-behind tractor.
The area where the crop will be cultivated should be in a sunny place.
Garlic should not be planted in soil that is subject to the accumulation of melt water and precipitation. It is also desirable that the groundwater be deep from the planting site.
The key to obtaining high yields is the removal of flower shoots longer than 10 cm, which is carried out at a certain time.
Both spring and winter garlic are considered resistant to various pests. However, you should not neglect preventive treatment of planting material.

If you follow the recommendations for growing garlic, you will be able to get high yields from any piece of land, regardless of its size.

All about how to plant in open ground

At home, as well as in open ground, winter and spring varieties are used for planting garlic. But the difference is that in the first case, garlic is planted at any time of the year, creating artificial optimal conditions for the growing season. In spring, boxes with crops are kept on glazed balconies and window sills.

Unlike at home, when planting garlic in open ground, the plant should be planted in such a way that it does not have time to germinate before frost and die. Then, as at home, you can control the planting process: place the boxes with sown garlic in a bright, cool room with an optimal temperature (more nuances about growing garlic at home can be found here).

The difference in caring for planted garlic:

Vegetable crops are demanding on soil moisture. At home, the plant needs to be watered rarely, but abundantly, since the soil in pots (due to its small volume) dries out faster than in the garden.
When planting garlic in containers, the soil should be well fertilized with humus, liquid or granular flower food. Since the root system of the plant quickly depletes the soil in pots.

Garlic business.

Growing garlic is a profitable business, but it is very important to get good planting material from which you can get a good harvest.

Expenses:

Plowing the garden.
Purchase of planting material.
Purchasing pest control products.
Use of manual labor.

From a plot of 10 acres you can harvest 1 ton of garlic.

Selling such a quantity at retail is quite problematic, so the bulk of the harvest will have to be sold wholesale. In supermarkets and markets, most of the garlic is imported from China; such garlic is much inferior in taste to ours, so the buyer gives preference to our garlic when choosing. Garlic imported from China is not suitable for planting in our climate.

Growing garlic as a business.

Share this idea on social media. networks

Is it possible and how to properly grow from seeds?

In addition to cloves and cloves, you can plant garlic using seeds (bulbs), which shoot varieties of plants form on flower stems.

The following planting methods exist:

Growing plants in seedlings with transplantation. The principle is that the seedlings are planted in the same year before winter, or next spring. Then he moves to a new place.
Seedless. Garlic is grown this way by planting seeds in the soil. If the garlic is winter, then use full cloves, single clove bulbs and bulbs. It will take two seasons to grow a finished onion from a bulb, and one from a clove. With this method, the bulbs are not dug up, but are left to overwinter. A year later, a larger onion is taken out from this place.

You need to choose a planting method based on the climatic conditions of the area, the availability of planting material, and the variety.

What is needed to start

Without experience, it is best to start growing garlic for sale in small quantities. On an area of up to 20 acres of land, there will be no need to rent equipment or hire workers.

Covering a large area of land, namely from one to several hectares, the following must be taken into account:

If it is not possible to rent land and agricultural machinery, we buy the land and replace the equipment with working personnel.
Select the variety you plan to breed. Garlic does not require careful care, so taking care of the harvest yourself is quite possible.
The soil needs to be changed every year, crop rotation is necessary.
Develop a detailed production plan, growing technology and care.
It is important to immediately determine the place of sale, since the shelf life of garlic is from 3 to 8 months.
Financial calculation of costs and income. With a large abundance of garlic on the market, there will be competition and low prices.

If you decide to grow garlic constantly and in large volumes, then be prepared for significant investments in seed material. The very next year of doing business, you will be able not to purchase seeds, but to use them from your own harvest. All initial costs depend on the volume of your own business. The table shows the cost amounts per hundred square meters and per hectare.

Expenses	For one hundred square meters in rubles	Per hectare in rubles
Registration and paperwork	10,000 (one time)	10,000 (one time)
Land lease	80	8,000 (per season)
Seed garlic	3.750 (15 kg for 250 rub.)	375,000 (1500 kg for 250 rubles)
Fertilizers	200	20.000
Agricultural machinery rental	No	80.000
garden tools	250	25.000
Salaries for hired workers	No	60.000
Result:	14.280	578.000

To grow garlic, you do not need to build greenhouses or other structures; all work is carried out in open ground. This factor significantly reduces the initial budget. However, it is worth remembering that the harvest of garlic heads can only be obtained once a year, so you should take care of the storage conditions for vegetables in advance.

Under favorable weather conditions and fertile soil conditions, you can harvest 500 kilograms per hundred square meters, and from 10 to 50 tons of garlic per hectare.

Calculation of profit: garlic sold at 100 rubles per kilogram gives a profit per hundred square meters - 50,000 thousand rubles, and per hectare - from 1 million rubles. Based on our calculations, we can say that the business will pay off within a year.

Growing garlic as a business

Preparation of documents

It is necessary, at your choice, to register your business in the following legal forms: individual entrepreneur, limited liability company or peasant farm.

Individual entrepreneurs and LLCs operate under a simplified taxation system, and farmers operate under a single agricultural tax. The interest rate is the same for everyone, 6% of the income. When registering, you must indicate OKVED code 01.13 “Growing vegetables, fruits, crops for the production of drinks and spices.”

Site selection

A plot of land can be rented or purchased for an agricultural business. Renting one hectare of land will cost you from 4 to 10 thousand rubles. Farmers and peasant farming enterprises who do not have land shares rent land without bidding. Organizations cannot rent land for their own purposes without bidding. For a long period of farming, it is better to buy a plot.

Before planting garlic, it is important not only to choose the right site, but also to prepare the soil. Garlic does not grow well in shady areas. Wet and manured soil is not suitable. When choosing a location, make sure that moisture does not linger there. Check the acidity of the soil.

The site should be located on a hill, allow sunlight to pass through, so that harmful insects do not appear in the soil and the soil does not become sick. For productivity, the soil must be fertilized.

Worker selection

You yourself are an accountant and sales manager. If you plant the plants yourself and do all the work, then you don’t need employees. But in the case of crop rotation and a large volume of work, on several hectares of land, this must be done.

It is not necessary to recruit female assistants with qualifications. It is important to have minimal knowledge: planting, weeding, watering and proper care of garlic.

You will need the services of an agronomist to study the composition of the soil and schedule crop rotation.

For men, there are more serious qualification requirements: certification for the right to drive tractors (category A) and cars (categories B and C). Certification for the right to carry out work on applying fertilizers and using chemical plant protection products.

Equipment and inventory

Equipment can always be rented. Prices are affordable. And if money allows, then buy it. Also, make a well for automatic watering of plants.

Equipment that will be needed for work: rakes, shovels, buckets, hoes, hoes, gloves. Equipment you will need is a seeder, a tractor and a trailed combine.

weeding garlic

How should one root a sprouted one?

Garlic sprouted in spring can be planted in the garden both in April and May. By autumn, large bulbs (single bulbs) will appear. They can be left in the ground (to be harvested next year), or dug up and used as seed.

Planting sprouted garlic in boxes at home is as follows:

Sort through the heads, remove unsuitable ones.
Divide into parts, discarding diseased teeth.
Carefully trim dry roots.
Soak the sprouted cloves in a 0.5 percent solution of potassium permanganate for 2-3 hours. Solution temperature up to 40°C.
Plant the softened and disinfected cloves in a container and fill the bottom with garden soil.
Water the plants moderately, not until they become soggy.
Before rooting, take the box with garlic to a cool place (no more than +12°C).

How many kilograms of garlic do you need per 1 sq.m.? Types of garlic and yield

This culture is divided into 2 groups, on which the planting time depends:

spring - planted in open ground in early spring, in April, when the ground warms up to a temperature of 5-7 degrees;
winter - it is planted in the fall (second half of September - early October), about a month before the first serious frost.

Depending on the type of garlic, the resulting harvest also differs. Spring varieties produce small but dense heads, which consist of small and not too sharp cloves. The storage time of heads of spring varieties reaches 1 year.

The harvest of winter varieties is characterized by large heads, which contain even cloves that are distinguished by a pungent taste. Since winter varieties have a short shelf life (3-4 months), they should be sold first.

How much garlic can you harvest from one hundred square meters? This question interests beginners who are just starting to cultivate such a crop.

In fact, the yield of this vegetable is high. If you choose the right variety and create favorable conditions for the crop, then you can harvest 100-500 kg from 1 hectare and, accordingly, 10-50 tons from 1 hectare.

Before you start growing garlic, you need to understand the following points:

how much seed material is needed;
how much land is required;
how to plant the heads correctly and when to collect them;
What is the yield of garlic per hectare?

Based on the last indicator, it will be possible to calculate how many kilograms can be harvested from 1 hundred square meters if the agronomist does not have a hectare of land. At first, it is enough to start a business with small areas, but after receiving the first profit and considerable experience, it is possible to increase the volume of production and rent land.

Step-by-step instruction

What is the soil and sowing depth?

If it is possible to prepare the site in advance, it is better to do this a month or a month and a half before planting. Fertile loamy soils with neutral acidity are suitable for garlic crops. Salt marshes and acidic soils, places with stagnant water should not be allocated for garlic.

Soil preparation is as follows:

The area is thoroughly cleared of weeds.
If fertilizers were not applied under the predecessors, then a month before planting, scatter humus (4-5 kg/sq. m) mixed with wood ash (1 cup). Before sowing, fertilize with superphosphate and potassium salt.
On the eve of planting (12–14 days before), carefully dig up the soil. Depth - spade bayonet.
Cover the dug area with film.

Inventory

To plant garlic you will need the following tools:

bayonet shovel;
rake;
choppers;
manual flat cutter;
pitchfork;
buckets;
watering can;

Those tools that require sharpening (hoes, flat cutters) need to be sharpened.

Preparation and processing of cloves and bulbs

Healthy specimens of winter garlic should be pinkish-purple in color. In spring garlic, only cloves are used for planting; it is a non-shooting variety and does not form bulbs. Garlic for planting is prepared immediately before sowing.

To do this you need to act like this:

Divide the heads into separate cloves, calibrate them, choosing large ones - they will give a more powerful harvest.
Reject sick and damaged ones, carefully examine the bottoms for the presence of a root system.
Disinfect.
Dry.

Attention. If you separate the bottom of the cloves, rooting will go faster, but it is not necessary to peel the garlic from the outer dry parts.

Planting material can be disinfected in several ways:

soak in a weak solution of potassium permanganate or copper sulfate for a day;
treat with ash-alkaline or saline solution;
soak for two hours in a 40% formaldehyde solution;
treat with the herbicide “Totril” to increase immunity and prevent the growth of weeds;
warm the cloves for 15-20 minutes in hot water or (40C) to prevent fungal diseases.

Preparing bulbs for planting:

At the moment when the caps on the peduncles open, carefully remove the plants from the soil along with the heads.
Shake off the soil, tie it to dry in a cool place with the roots up.
After drying, carefully remove the bulbs.
Select dense bulbs with a diameter of at least 3 mm.

Bulbs are used to improve seed health. Otherwise, garlic may degenerate in 4-5 years.

Watch the video on how to properly prepare and process garlic before planting:

Selecting a location

You should choose a dry, well-lit place. Predecessors can be green manure, legumes and melons. These vegetable crops saturate the soil with mineral elements, which has a beneficial effect on the growing season of garlic. It is not advisable to plant after potatoes, as they deplete the soil.

It is not recommended to grow garlic repeatedly in one area; the interval should be at least 4 years. After harvesting, the location needs to be changed.

Scheme of how to form rows

Garlic is planted in rows, leaving wide row spacing (40-45 cm) to form high-quality heads. And also to simplify weeding and tillage. The vegetable planting scheme depends on the size of the seed and climatic conditions.

When choosing the optimal scheme, we are guided by the following criteria:

Large cloves and single cloves are planted at a depth of 15 cm, in increments of 15-20 cm.
For small ones, the embedding depth is 6-8 cm, the pitch is 8 cm.
For bulblets, sowing depth is 3-4 cm, row spacing is 3 cm, row spacing is 15 cm.

With a large sowing depth, the cloves will take root more easily and avoid freezing. But with such deepening, the growth process of garlic is inhibited.

Technology

To get a high-quality harvest, you must follow the rules of planting vegetables. The technology for autumn (before winter) planting of garlic consists of the following steps:

The prepared area should be watered beforehand.
In the prepared area, grooves are formed (the distance between the rows, as well as the pitch and planting depth of the cloves are set according to the diagram).
Pour in clean river sand and ash as drainage.
Plant the teeth vertically (do not lay them on their sides).
Do not water, mulch the top with straw, leaves, sawdust, peat chips (height 5-10 cm). Mulch should be removed in the spring as soon as warm weather sets in to allow sunlight to penetrate to the seedlings.
In snowless winters, cover the beds with roofing material or film, insulate them with spruce branches and sawdust.

Let's consider the main stages of spring planting garlic:

The site is prepared in the fall, compost (5 kg per 1 sq. m), superphosphate (5 g), and potassium salt (3 g) are added.
At the beginning of field work, when the snow melts, there is no threat of frost, garlic (since its root system is already formed at a temperature of +2°C) is prepared for planting.
The land is marked by outlining rows with the required distance between rows.
Place drainage into the marked grooves.
Cloves and single cloves are planted vertically according to a given pattern.

Bulbs are sown manually or using special seeders according to a given pattern. Having completed sowing, I mulch the rows with compost or humus.

When planting, you do not need to press or screw the cloves into the soil too much, otherwise the growth of the roots will slow down or the garlic will come out.

In addition to the planting technology itself, it is also important to take into account time. Read information about when to plant garlic in spring in open ground and in a greenhouse. And in order to maintain soil fertility, it is useful to know what is planted after garlic next year.

Further care

If the vegetable crop manages to take root before the cold weather arrives and survives the winter, it will not require special care in the future. In terms of agricultural technology, winter varieties are more demanding, but with proper care their yield is higher and the heads are larger.

Plant care is as follows:

Cleaning the beds. With the arrival of spring, remove the protective film, rake out the mulch, with a small layer of surface soil (up to 2mm) to make it easier for shoots to break through.
Watering. Young plants need to be watered regularly (once every 10 days). From the moment the heads form, reduce watering. Water more frequently during dry seasons. Vegetable crops do not like excessive watering. This can lead to fungal diseases and rotting.
Loosening. The next day after watering, you need to weed the garlic and loosen the soil near the bushes.
Feeding. Vegetable crops respond well to organic fertilizers. At the beginning of the growing season, a solution of wood ash (200 g per 10 l) and bird droppings is added.
Removing arrows. In June, bolting plants produce flower stalks. They need to be removed by breaking them off. If you leave the arrows, the garlic heads will form small, because the flower stems take a lot of energy from the plant. A few plants can be left with seeds for propagation.
Pest control. Potassium and other trace elements in fertilizers help control pests. If you water the plant with a yeast solution, it will saturate the soil with useful substances and increase immunity against fungal diseases. You can treat insects with fugincides.

Attention. With the seedling planting method, when the first leaves appear, the plants need to be fed with organic fertilizers; when flower shoots appear, with complex mineral fertilizers (3 tbsp. l per 10 l of water).

Ways to get a harvest

There are two effective ways to grow garlic. How to plant a plant correctly?

When planting with cloves:
The seedless method. Garlic is grown this way by planting seeds in the soil. If the garlic is winter, then use full cloves, single clove bulbs and bulbs. It will take two seasons to grow a finished onion from a bulb, and one from a clove. Spring grass reproduces only by cloves.
When planting bulbs:
The seedless method. The collected bulbs are sown on the beds (every 2-3 cm). They are left for the winter in the same place. The harvest is harvested in the fall - single-claws or heads with 4-5 cloves.
When planting sprouted garlic:
The seedless method. Garlic sprouted in the garden can be left in the same place. But you need to know that the arrow is made from seeds or cloves. If from cloves, then in the summer such garlic is dug up, if from bulbs, then the harvest is harvested the next year.

Planting patterns and feeding areas for garlic

The most common planting scheme for garlic, especially on large areas, is wide-row (row spacing 45 cm) or double-row strip (45 + 20) with a distance between rows of 20 and a wide row spacing of 45 cm. In smaller areas, plant with a row spacing of 30 cm, in small beds it is reduced to 20 cm, increasing the distance between plants.

Planting patterns:

In Poland, for example, a four-row ribbon planting scheme for garlic with a wide row spacing of 54 and narrow rows of 27 cm is very common, which allows mechanized care and harvesting of the crop. Line plantings with row spacing of 30-40 cm are also recommended,

Lighting, nutritional, water-air regimes, which determine a certain level of yield, largely depend on the nutritional area, which, with certain planting schemes, is determined by the correctly established distance between plants in a row and will be equal to the product of the row spacing by this distance. In particular, according to the most common wide-row scheme, it will be 45 cm multiplied by a certain distance between plants in a row.

It is necessary to emphasize here that, due to its morphology and physiological nature, garlic occupies a relatively small nutritional area, which is approximately from 90-100 to 360 cm2.

With a stable row spacing determined by the chosen planting scheme, the nutritional area will vary depending on the morphological nature of the garlic, in particular, the size of the clove, and therefore the plant. As a rule, spring garlic plants are smaller, and winter ones are larger, so the distance in the row between spring garlic plants will be less - 4-5 cm, winter garlic plants - greater (6-10, possibly 12 cm).

The optimal food area can be considered 315 sq. cm (planting pattern 45×7 cm). An increase in the feeding area to 450 - 540 cm2 according to planting schemes of 45 x 10 and 45 x 12 cm leads to a decrease in the harvest volume per hectare (due to a decrease in the number of plants per hectare), but to a slight increase in its marketability due to an increase in the number of large and medium-sized plants. bulbs

Cloves weighing 2-3 g turned out to be more productive with a fairly high marketability in the variant with a feeding area of 225 cm2, where with a wide row spacing (45 cm) the distance between plants in the bed was 5 cm

In small areas (garden plots), the distance between rows can be reduced to 25-30 cm, maintaining optimal feeding area by increasing the distance between plants in the row, in particular according to the scheme 25 cm x 12 cm or 30 cm x 10 cm. In both cases we obtain a feeding area for a clove weighing 3-5 g, very close to optimal (315 cm2).

The feeding area depends not only on the size of the planting material, but also on the fertility of the soil and the characteristics of the variety. In particular, on fertile soils with high agricultural technology, it can be somewhat reduced. For tall varieties that develop a large mass, the feeding area should be increased.

In general, it is better to grow bolting winter garlic in a wide-row manner with a distance between rows of 45 cm and between plants in a row:

large cloves weighing 6-9 m or more should be placed in a row at a distance of 8-10 cm with a feeding area of 45 x 8-10 cm, which is 360-450 sq. cm.
for medium cloves, weighing 5 g 7 cm (nutrition area 45 x 7 = 315 cm2)
for small ones, weighing 3 g, - 5 cm (feeding area 45 x 5 = 225 cm2)
for very small ones, 1 - 1.5 m, - 3 cm (feeding area 45 x 3 - 135 cm2)

Possible problems and difficulties

When planting garlic, the following problems may arise:

If the plant begins to grow after autumn planting, it may die from frost.
If the plant does not have time to take root before frost, it may rot or freeze in the future.
It is necessary to ensure that the plantings in the spring are not flooded with autumn rains and melt water.
If the planting area is infected with fungal infections, treat the soil with copper sulfate.

Precautionary measures taken at the planting stage can help avoid the following diseases:

Corrupted by rot. This is expressed in rotting of the bulbs, death of the root system, and the leaves turn yellow. A white coating may also appear on the roots. Selecting a high-quality planting variety and treating with disinfectants on the eve of planting will help prevent this.
If garlic plants are affected by onion flies, then treat the bushes with a mixture of wood ash (1 tbsp), tobacco dust (1 tsp) and black pepper (1 tsp). After processing, loosen the soil.
The appearance of nematodes can be prevented at the stage of preparing the seed by soaking it in a saline solution.

By becoming familiar with the technology of planting garlic and applying it in practice, you can grow a bountiful and healthy harvest in the next sowing season. The main thing is to strictly adhere to planting dates and use high-quality seed material.

Types of combines and their functions

The technology will greatly facilitate harvesting

If the area for planting garlic crops is very large, a garlic harvester is usually used. They can be single-row or double-row. They also differ in performance and power consumption.

On sale you can find both top-separating and top-binding combines.

Topper

The topping garlic harvester extracts the vegetable from the ground along with the stalk. Then it is cleared of soil residues and tied into bundles of equal volume. Next, it is unloaded into a windrow for subsequent collection. If the weather is good, the bunches are laid out for several days to dry.

Uncut tops partially protect it from direct sunlight and allow the crop to survive for a six-month period.

Topper

Performs a wider range of functions. He extracts the vegetable from the ground, rids the garlic of soil residues, separates the tops from the bulb and sends the garlic heads into bags or special containers.

Factors affecting yield

The yield of garlic per 1 hectare will depend on several specific factors, so before cultivation and to obtain a high-quality harvest, you need to familiarize yourself with all the conditions.

Sources affecting the level and quality of the harvest:

depth with crop planting period;
The varieties “Alekseevsky”, “Gribovsky Jubilee”, “Lyubasha”, “Parus”, “Spas” and “Sofievsky” are the most productive;
correct approach to soil preparation;
it is necessary to carry out fertilizing, irrigation and fight against parasites in a timely manner;
soil composition.

To achieve the maximum indicator you need:

Carefully select the appropriate period for disembarkation. Winter garlic varieties should be sown from late September to mid-November. It is advisable to plant spring vegetables in early spring, when the snow cover has gone and the soil layer is ready for planting.
Prepare the raw materials for transplantation by dividing the heads into teeth and selecting whole and large ones. Additionally, seed materials will need to be sprayed against nematodes and fungal infections. To do this, the teeth need to be placed in a fungicidal solution for about 30 minutes.
Remove arrows. Most varieties of garlic shoot, so to get the maximum yield you need to get rid of the shoots. They can be approximately 15 cm in length.

Additionally, you will need to prepare the soil for planting:

the soil mixture must be fertile and contain a huge percentage of humus;
in the area where the vegetable will grow, radishes with herbs, carrots and herbs should not be grown for 24 months;
It is often not necessary to loosen the soil layer, as this will worsen the structure and cause excessive dryness;
90 days before the start of the process of planting seed material in the soil layer, it is necessary to clear the soil of weeds;
The pH level in the substrate should be between 6.5-7.

You can increase the yield of garlic crops by adding peat, loam, sand and other components to the soil, relative to the original characteristics.

The soil cover for planting must be prepared after harvesting. To do this, you will need to remove the remaining vegetation, dig up the area with a spade, and then sow it with lupine or mustard. Compost or dry humus is suitable as an organic additive. To avoid using herbicides, during weeding you should use a special technique - a cultivator. However, introducing fresh manure is prohibited.

The ratio of garlic to seed mass is approximately 1:4. It is economically profitable to use bulbs, since the reproduction coefficient reaches 10 or more units. When used for sowing bulbs, the ratio can be 1:85. The feeding area of 1 specimen directly affects the seed rate.

Sizing options:

seed tine weight;
varietal characteristics;
soil fertility;
disembarkation scheme.

For adequate nutrition of aerial seeds, you need from 2.5 to 5 cm2 of planting area, for single-toothed or serrated seeds - from 8 to 10 cm2. If there is enough space, the beds can be made in a checkerboard pattern. When sowing tines, a distance of 10 cm must be maintained between the recesses, and a distance of 5 cm between the air bulbs. For industrial cultivation of vegetables, you should use automated seeders.

For 1 hectare, when planting bulbs, up to 50 kg of root crops are required. The seeding rate when using single-teeth or tines will be determined by the dimensions of the heads that are planned to be obtained, so the quantity varies from 300 to 2,000 kg. Spring garlic is sown quite densely, leaving a distance of 10 cm between the bulbs and 16 cm between the rows. However, with this scheme, the consumption of seed material will be higher.

Care

To get a rich harvest that will be suitable for sale, proper care and compliance with several rules are required:

The beds should be regularly cleared of weeds and loosened.
Watering is carried out moderately; during the growing season and the formation of bulbs, the soil should be moist. Watering should be completed 2-3 weeks before harvest.
After watering, it is advisable to mulch the soil.
To form large heads, pinching off arrows longer than 15-20 cm is required.
The plant also needs feeding. In the spring, after the first leaves appear, fertilize with nitrogen compounds, for example urea. After 15-20 days, complex mineral supplements are applied. When there are 5-6 leaves, fertilization with phosphorus-potassium compounds is required.

Growing vegetables is a simple process, but also a painstaking and time-consuming one. It is important to adhere to the rules for planting and caring for plants, and then a rich harvest is guaranteed.