June cabbage: description, conditions and growing rules

Botanical description of the variety

June cabbage was selected in 1967, but was added to the State Register only 4 years later. The variety is distinguished by high yield, smooth ripening, and presentable appearance.

When entered into the Register in 1971, it was indicated that the variety was intended for cultivation in all regions of Russia. The optimal climate for a rich harvest with minimal care is moderate and warm, and this is the central part of the country.

Appearance and Application

June cabbage is early ripening. Maturity occurs 90–110 days from the moment of sowing the seeds. With the seedling growing method, transplantation into the garden is carried out 30–45 days after the seedlings emerge.

Brief description of the variety:

rosette - compact and raised (size varies from 40 to 50 cm);
leaves are medium (10–15 cm in diameter), with waves along the edges;
color - delicate green;
the shade on the cut is white-yellow;
density of heads of cabbage - average;
the shape of the forks is round (sometimes it grows slightly flattened);
the structure of the foliage is slightly pimply with thin veins;
stalk length - average;
taste - sweet, slightly sour, but after heat treatment only sweetness remains;
surface - has a slight waxy coating;
weight - from 900 to 2500 g.

It is customary to prepare salads, vegetable side dishes, fillings, and borscht from June cabbage.

With prolonged heat treatment, the leaves tear. It is recommended to cook and simmer for the minimum possible time specified in the specific recipe.

Productivity and composition

From 1 sq. m harvest from 3 to 7 kg of vegetables, depending on growing conditions and care. June cabbage is considered very nutritious. It contains many useful substances. The predominant ones are:

vitamins - PP, K, C, A, U (very rare) and all B;
microelements - magnesium, potassium, iodine, calcium, zinc, phosphorus, iron;
acids - folic and pantothenic.

Cabbage contains up to 3.8–4% sugar, 8–8.2% dry elements. There are 25–27 kcal per 100 g of product.

The variety is recommended to be consumed and used fresh for gout, kidney disease, coronary heart disease and urolithiasis. Main beneficial properties:

strengthening the immune system;
acceleration of metabolism;
reduction of inflammatory processes;
improvement of the condition of nails, hair, facial skin;
strengthening bones and joints;
tissue regeneration;
normalization of blood sugar levels, etc.

Historical roots of June cabbage

The history of the appearance of the variety goes back to the 60s of the last century. It was then that this very early form of white cabbage was first obtained at the experimental sites of the vegetable growing research center.

The starting material was the number one Gribovsky variety 147, on the basis of which selection and improvement were carried out. The new variety was a real breakthrough in cabbage breeding. In 1971, June was included in the State Register of the Russian Federation and since then has been popular with many gardeners and summer residents. Along with radishes and green salads, it became possible to enjoy fresh cabbage from the very beginning of summer.

June - an early variety of white cabbage

On bags of seeds from some manufacturers you can find the numbers 3200 after the name of the variety. They once denoted the selection numbering of a crop. In fact, June and June 3200 are two sides of the same coin, adding extra symbols to which will not change anything.

Agrotechnical features

Agricultural cultivation technology includes many important points - planting seeds (for seedlings or directly into the ground), transplanting (with the seedling method), watering, observing deadlines, temperature conditions, etc. If you do not adhere to the established rules, then you should not expect a rich harvest.

How to prepare planting material?

The plant’s resistance to unfavorable factors, the rate of sprout formation, etc. depend on the correct pre-treatment of the seed. Pay attention to the basic steps for preparing seeds:

Calibration Sort through the planting material, selecting the highest quality (without damage, mold, etc.) and large grains.
Germination test. Make a saline solution - 200 ml of water - 1 tbsp. l. salt. Soak the seeds for 15–20 minutes. Hollow elements will float to the surface. Throw them away as they will not sprout.
Disinfection. The best options for cabbage are:
soak the seeds in a solution of 1 liter of water and 1 g of Fitosporin for 10–11 hours.
Warming up. Place the planting material in hot water for 25–30 minutes (temperature from + 60 to + 70°C).
Germination. Wrap the seeds in wet gauze and place them in a container with a small amount of water at the bottom. Keep until sprouts form (3 to 5 days).

When planting in open ground, it is also recommended to carry out hardening. Place wet seeds in a damp cloth, transfer to the side shelf of the refrigerator, and leave for 8–9 hours. Then move it to the room for the same amount of time. Do 2-3 approaches.

Site selection and soil preparation

Early cabbage varieties require a lot of light. The area designated for sowing should be fully illuminated by the sun, without any shaded sides.

Be sure to consider the rules of crop rotation:

good neighbors - garlic, lettuce, onions, radishes, dill, celery, mint, chamomile, sage, marigolds;
unacceptable neighbors - carrots and tomatoes;
the best predecessors are potatoes, onions, peas, zucchini, carrots, beans;
undesirable predecessors - mustard, horseradish, radish, rapeseed, any type of cabbage.

It is important to properly prepare the soil. The first thing you pay attention to is the acidity level. June cabbage prefers a pH of 5–6. Usually the soil is more acidic. It will be necessary to bring the soil to a neutral state. Do the following:

Dilute 5 kg of lime in 10 liters of water.
Mix thoroughly.
Water the garden at the rate of 10 square meters. m.

The vegetable loves fertile, loose soil. Prepare it in the fall:

Remove all debris, leaves, branches.
Dig and fertilize. For 1 sq. m take 7 kg of compost or rotted manure. If necessary, add Superphosphate (40 g per 1 sq. m).
In the spring, dig again, after clearing the area.
Apply fertilizer. Mix 1 tbsp. l. calcium nitrate with the same amount of Superphosphate preparation (calculated per 1 sq. m), add 300 g of wood ash (sprinkle around the garden).
Use a rake to level the surface.

Landing dates

For the first shoots to appear, the variety needs a soil and air temperature of + 3–5°C. When the plants begin to grow, it is better to cover them with film so that development does not slow down. To avoid this manipulation, seeds are sown at a temperature of + 10–16°C, but then the harvest period will shift.

The climatic conditions of different regions have their own characteristics. In some areas, the threat of return frosts remains until mid-June. Then crop protection is a priority.

The sowing period depends on the cultivation method and region:

Region of Russia	For seedlings	In open ground
Southern region	From March 15 to March 30.	From the last days of March to mid-April.
Central part, Moscow region	From April 1 to April 15.	From mid-April to early May.
Siberia, Ural, Leningrad region	From April 15 to April 30.	From early to mid May.

How to plant in open ground?

When planting June cabbage, it is important to follow the plant distribution pattern. Optimal for the variety - between rows - 60 cm, between seeds in one row - 45 cm.

Step-by-step instructions for planting seed:

In the prepared area, dig holes in accordance with the diagram. The depth for seeds is 2.3–3 cm, for seedlings — along the length of the root system (so that the bush “sits” 3–4 cm before the cotyledonous lower leaf).
Place fertilizer in each hole. Choose one of the options, depending on the composition of the soil in a particular garden:
1 tsp. Nitroammophoska is a universal remedy for all types of soil.
Mix with soil so that the planting material does not get burned.
Pour generously with warm, settled water. Wait until it is absorbed.
Insert a bush or insert 2 seeds.
Sprinkle with soil and press lightly with your palms.
Moisten, but take 2 times less water.

To maintain the desired level of moisture, sprinkle with mulch - straw, leaves.

Features of growing in seedlings

It is advisable to use the seedling method in cold climatic conditions, since the optimal temperature for sowing occurs late and summer is short. June cabbage has a fairly powerful root system and can easily be transplanted.

First, prepare the containers - peat pots, plastic glasses/bottles, containers, wooden boxes. You will need a soil mixture. It is sold in garden stores. Make it yourself if you wish. The best mixtures for early cabbage:

peat, soil from the garden and humus, taken in equal proportions;
turf soil - 3 parts, loose peat - 1 part, fine river sand - 1/3.

Be sure to disinfect the ground. Warm in the oven at + 180–200°C for 30–35 minutes.

What to do next:

Make drainage holes at the bottom of the containers and lay a 2-3 cm layer of small stones, expanded clay or perlite.
Pour the soil mixture so that 2 cm remains from the surface to the edge of the glass.
Pour water over it and let it soak in.
Use a toothpick to make indentations of 1–1.5 cm. The distance between the seeds is 5–7 cm.
Insert 2 seeds each, sprinkle with soil without compacting.
Moisten with a spray bottle and cover the containers with plastic film or glass.

Next, create the following conditions (before transplanting into open ground):

Temperature. Until seedlings form (about 5 days), keep in a room with a thermometer reading of + 18–20°C, then reduce the temperature to + 10–12°C, and after another 7 days raise it again to + 15–17°C.
Lighting. The optimal daylight hours are from 12 to 15 hours. In the dark, illuminate the seedlings with a lamp.
Watering. Moisten with a spray bottle until sprouts appear. Afterwards, water with a thin stream from a watering can for indoor plants. Carry out the procedure as the soil dries.
Film. Keep the cover on the container until the sprouts reach a height of 2 cm.
Picking. Carry out the procedure 15 days after removing the cover.
Feeding. There should be three:
10 days after transplantation - the same composition, but with 0.5 liters of water;
2 days before transferring to open ground, leave saltpeter and Superphosphate in the same concentration, and add potassium salt in an amount of 7 g.
Hardening. Do this 12 days before transplanting into the garden. To do this, take the seedlings outside every day, gradually increasing the time (start with 1–2 hours).

Planting seeds in the ground

By planting the June cabbage variety with seeds directly into the ground, you will not get an early harvest. This sowing is used to extend the fruiting period of the variety, since cabbage planted in the beds in April will be harvested approximately in the second half of August. Sowing seeds in the ground is carried out as follows:

To do this, choose an open area with fertile soil that has a neutral or slightly acidic reaction. During autumn digging, it is limed and filled with humus (at least 1 bucket per 1 square meter).
Prepare holes similar to the scheme for planting seedlings in the ground.
After filling with fertilizers, each hole is watered so that the soil is moistened to a depth of 20 cm
They are filled with fertilizers and several seeds are buried in each hole (no more than 2–3 cm).
Sprinkle with earth and water.

You can plant seeds in open ground approximately in mid-April. For June cabbage, +3 degrees is enough for seedlings to appear that can withstand light frosts. But in order not to injure the plants, it is better to cover the plantings with film or other covering material until the outside temperature reaches a comfortable temperature for June - +14–18 degrees.

Care

Caring for June cabbage is not difficult. It is enough to perform the same actions as when growing any type of vegetable, but with an eye to some subtleties.

Be careful about hydration. The variety does not survive without water. One bush requires about 4 liters per application. Watering is carried out at least 2 times a week, and in case of drought - up to 4 times. Peculiarities:

immediately after transplanting the seedlings, do not water for 5–6 days - otherwise it will not take root;
Reduce moisture by half 30 days before harvest;
completely stop adding water 14 days before full ripening;
Do not allow drops to fall on the leaves.

Other important events:

Loosening. The procedure allows you to saturate the soil and root system with oxygen and get rid of weeds. Carry out loosening after each moistening or rain around the root zone or throughout all cabbage beds.
Hilling. June cabbage does not need frequent hilling, but it must be done. The event is aimed at growing additional lateral roots and strengthening the resistance of the bush. Hill up the cabbage twice - when 5-7 leaves form and 2-3 weeks after that.

Top dressing requires special mention. It is carried out twice, taking into account that fertilizers were applied during sowing. Pour 2 liters of solutions under each bush:

the first time, when 5-6 leaves are formed on the plants, nitrogen is needed for accelerated growth of green mass (use liquid mullein diluted with water in a ratio of 2:10 or add urea - 30 g per 10 liters of water);
the second time when the head is formed - for 10 liters of water - 10 g of ammonium nitrate or a solution of 10 liters of water, 5 g of Double Superphosphate, 4 g of urea and 8 g of potassium sulfate.

There is no need to feed any more. Large amounts of nitrates will accumulate. If you don’t want to make mixtures yourself, buy complex fertilizers - Agricola, OMU, Planta, Sotka. Use according to instructions.

Description and characteristics

June cabbage is one of the early ripening varieties. The total period of plant development is 3–3.5 months. From the moment the seedlings are planted in open ground until the heads fully mature, it takes about 60–65 days.

A mature head of such cabbage has the following characteristics:

density on a generally accepted scale is 4 points;
the shape is completely round;
the average diameter varies between 40–45 cm;
the upper leaves are colored light green;
the core has a lighter yellowish tint;
the stalk of the head of cabbage is elongated, internal;
weight, depending on size, ranges from 1 to 2.4 kg.

Cabbage leaves of this variety are valued for their juiciness and good taste. The average crop yield is 360 centners per hectare. But during testing it was found that with proper care and on fertile soil, this figure increases to 630-640 centners.

Diseases and pests

June cabbage is considered resistant to many diseases and pests, but with unfavorable factors and improper care the following problems arise:

Kila. It affects most often, especially at a young age. Signs include growths on the root system, drying out of the lower leaves, and slower growth. Feature - distributed in the shortest possible time. It is important to start processing in a timely manner. The main reason is acidic soil. For treatment, use Bordeaux mixture at a concentration of 1% or drugs - Tiovit Jeta, Hom according to the instructions. Spray twice with an interval of 7 days.
Blackleg. Less common. The cause is cool water when moisturizing and thickened plantings. Symptoms are blackening of the roots and stem at the base. For treatment, use Fitosporin (dilute according to instructions) and 1% Bordeaux mixture.
Downy mildew. Appears when the weather is too rainy and the humidity is consistently high (watering is carried out moderately, but groundwater lies close to the surface of the earth). How to recognize - the formation of yellow spots on top of the leaves, and a gray coating on the bottom. To suppress infection, use spraying with Fitosporin, Fundazol, Gamair.
Aphid. The insects are very small and light-colored. The appearance is indicated by a coating on the leaves of the head of cabbage. To destroy, use Commander, Actellik, Intavir or an ash-soap solution (200 g of soap and 150 g of wood ash per 5 liters of water).
Cruciferous flea beetle. Signs: nibbled leaves, drying out. To fight, use Actellik, Karate and a solution of soap and garlic (for 5 liters of water - 200 g of soap and 100 g of chopped garlic).
Belyanka. The appearance is indicated by eaten or yellow/dry leaves. To treat plants, use Intavir, Fitoverm.

To prevent pest invasions and the development of diseases, take preventive measures. They are as follows:

in the fall, remove all plant debris, and if there are infected ones, burn them;
dig up the garden at the first frost;
Sprinkle the soil with wood ash or tobacco dust 1–2 times a month;
disinfect seeds, containers for seedlings, garden tools and beds;
do not thicken the plantings;
adhere to the rules of crop rotation;
do not allow too much liquid to stagnate after watering;
Dispose of any garden plants that have insects or signs of disease (many pests are carriers of bacteria).

Producers of seeds of the cabbage variety Iyunskaya

One of the main conditions for a high yield of such cabbage is high-quality seed material. The most popular producers of seeds of this variety today are:

"Prestige".
"Search".
"Plasma".
"Aelita."
"Russian vegetable garden".

Each company carries out preliminary cleaning and drying of seeds. In addition, the crops they distribute are fully adapted to difficult climatic conditions that involve temperature changes. Seed material from these manufacturers is sold in branded packaging.

Summer cabbage is loved by summer residents due to a number of significant advantages. It survives the cold very well, is not susceptible to attack by the cabbage fly, ripens early and has good taste. But high yields of such a crop can be achieved only if the basic recommendations for sowing time, planting in the ground and caring for plantings are followed.

How to collect and store?

The leaves of June cabbage are tender. When collecting heads of cabbage, proceed carefully. Rules:

if you decide to pull out the cabbage along with the roots, first moisten the soil abundantly (otherwise the leaves will break);
when harvesting dry, cut the cabbage with a sharp knife, leaving a stalk of 7 cm;
Place the forks for 2-3 days to dry in a ventilated area or under a canopy (avoid direct sunlight).

The shelf life of June cabbage in a cool room or refrigerator is 10–14 days.

Harvesting

June cabbage reaches technical maturity in the temperate zone of Russia by the end of June. In the southern regions this happens 20 days earlier. The readiness of the harvest is indicated by yellowed lower leaves and dense, hard forks.

Heads of cabbage of Juneweed are usually dense and even. They should not be stored on the root. The variety is not adapted to this. The coming summer heat, as well as rain, can cause damage to the forks (they will crack and wither). Therefore, the entire June must be cut off immediately, as soon as the heads of cabbage acquire the density inherent in the variety.

Heads of June cabbage are ripening together, but they must be collected without putting them off for “later”

Among summer residents, there are opinions that June cabbage can stand on its roots for up to 10 days without cracking or withering. Perhaps, under certain atmospheric and weather conditions, such preservation takes place. But it’s still better not to risk the harvest, because it is impossible to predict the weather and its effect on cabbage for the next 10 days.

It is recommended to collect heads of cabbage in the morning. The cabbage is cut not directly under the fork, but keeping 2–3 cm of the stalk. This will better preserve the juiciness and all the nutrients.

If you leave a couple of lower leaves on the root when cutting, they will begin the second growing season and by the end of August each will produce a fork. They will not match the size and weight of their June counterpart, but they are quite suitable for excellent cabbage soup.

June cabbage can set heads again if you leave the lower leaves on the stem when cutting the June harvest

Useful tips

Experienced vegetable growers successfully grow early varieties of cabbage, but beginners sometimes encounter difficulties, especially when it comes to seedlings. Gardeners advise:

if the seedlings are very elongated, give them more light and reduce the temperature by 2–4°C;
when stopping the growth of cabbage, pay attention to the level of soil moisture;
if the lower leaves dry out for no reason, plant the bushes (they are thickened);
if wilting occurs, but there are no other signs of disease, start loosening the soil more often (there is a lack of oxygen);
cabbage turns yellow when it lacks iron and phosphorus or has an excess of salts;
if you need to grow the largest heads of cabbage, shade them (cover them with burdocks, make a mesh camouflage cover to a height of 50–70 cm);
To prevent leaves from becoming loose, spray with boric acid.

Advantages and disadvantages

The June cabbage variety has the following advantages that are interesting for gardeners:
receiving early products;
high taste qualities;
friendly ripening of heads of cabbage;
tolerates frost well;
crack resistance;
the possibility of obtaining your own seeds;
good commercial quality.

Most of the variety's disadvantages are common to all early varieties:
poor keeping quality;
unsuitability for fermentation and preparations;
poor keel resistance.

Reviews from gardeners

Natalya, 44 years old, Nizhny Novgorod.

I liked June cabbage for its tenderness, juiciness and sweetness. They make delicious salads. And growing it is not so difficult. I have been planting the variety for 4 years and have never had any serious problems.

Vitaly, 57 years old, Chelyabinsk region

It’s a good variety and, importantly, grows in our harsh conditions. I first plant seedlings, then transfer them (during picking) to a polycarbonate greenhouse (it is heated). She grows up quickly. There is only one disappointment - very little is stored.

Victoria, 35 years old, art. Dolzhanskaya, Kuban

I started growing June plant about 10 years ago, first for myself, and now for sale. I can say that the culture is not very demanding, and in our climate zone it ripens already on the 80th day. The heads of cabbage are quite heavy, which means it is profitable.

June cabbage is considered a dietary and healthy product. It is able to compensate for the deficiency of microelements after spring vitamin deficiency. Growing vegetables is not difficult. The number of agrotechnical measures does not differ from the procedures for other varieties. There are variations in the volumes of water and fertilizing.

Copy link

Advantages and disadvantages of the variety

The June cabbage variety is popular among summer residents due to its wide list of advantages. The main ones among them are the following:

rapid ripening of heads of cabbage, which are ready for consumption by mid-June;
the possibility of productive cultivation in the climatic conditions of most post-Soviet states;
yield is 95–97%;
the crop in the form of seedlings tolerates frosts down to -2 degrees, for mature heads of cabbage even a decrease to -4 degrees is harmless;
cabbage is not susceptible to damage from the cabbage fly;
frequent and abundant watering during the ripening period of the heads increases their juiciness and does not lead to cracking;
average resistance to diseases characteristic of all cruciferous crops.

It is also worth noting that almost all planted heads ripen at the same time, which greatly simplifies the harvesting and sale of the vegetable.

But like any other variety, in addition to obvious advantages, June also has some disadvantages. The main ones are the following:

unsuitability for storage in open ground in the garden;
short shelf life of heads after harvest;
susceptibility of the crop to the appearance of clubroot.

June cabbage harvest

It is also worth noting that in addition to its general unsuitability for storage, such a vegetable will not be preserved in pickled form. It is usually consumed only fresh.

Preparing the soil for growing

When growing cabbage, you need to take into account that in order to obtain a generous, guaranteed harvest, soil preparation is of great importance. The plant is demanding on soil structure and fertility. Therefore, for planting you need to use only fertilized soil and this should be done in advance.

For these purposes, the area allocated for planting must be dug up with a shovel in the fall and equipped with humus and ash, which is considered a good antiseptic to prevent the development of rotting. You should not forget about mineral fertilizers, and add superphosphate and potassium chloride to the soil. With the onset of spring, loosen the area and also add a complex of nutrients.

Planting cabbage seedlings

Agricultural technology

June cabbage ripens quickly. It takes 90-110 days from the mass germination of seeds to the maturation of full-fledged forks. It must be grown using seedlings. Usually, seeds are sown for seedlings before mid-March. The seeds are buried 0.5-1.0 cm. At the end of April, the plants should have five or more true leaves. At this time they are transplanted to the garden bed.

The plant is not afraid of late spring frosts. However, it is recommended to cover the cabbage with film to protect young sprouts from cold nights and chilly winds.

At first, watering must be done at least once a week. During the formation of forks, watering can be increased, if necessary. You should also fertilize the plants at least 2-3 times. For these purposes, a mixture of potassium chloride, superphosphate and ammonium nitrate is best suited.

June cabbage ripens in open ground at the end of the first month of summer. These data refer to the central zone of the Russian Federation. Southern regions, as well as Ukraine and Moldova, can enjoy ripened forks 10-20 days earlier.

The peculiarity of planting early cabbage

To obtain an early harvest, white cabbage is grown by seedlings, which avoids frost and shortens its ripening period by 45–60 days before transplanting into open ground.

To obtain an early harvest, white cabbage is grown using seedlings.

Main stages

Preparation of a nutrient mixture, a fertile and breathable base. It is better not to use soil from garden beds due to possible infections and diseases.
Disinfection of the soil (spray the soil with a bright pink solution of potassium permanganate).
Processing of planting material (warm the seeds for 20 minutes in water at a temperature of +50°).
Sowing (independently calculate the optimal planting time for your area).
Thinning seedlings or picking seedlings when true leaves appear.
Regular watering of cabbage. Moisten with a spray bottle.
Additional illumination of seedlings up to 12–15 hours a day. Fertilize with mineral and organic fertilizers.
Hardening of plants. Ventilation of premises.
Prevention of infectious diseases. When the first signs are detected, remove damaged shoots!

Table: favorable dates for sowing early cabbage in the regions

Name	Central Russia	Central Black Earth region	Siberia and the Urals	South Region	Far East
White cabbage	March 15–25	March 1–15	March 5–10	February 10–15	April 10–15

To more accurately calculate the sowing time, I use the countdown method and calculate the specific time for planting seeds for seedlings based on the selected variety, taking into account the 4-6 days required for the first shoots of cabbage to appear. For example, I calculate the exact sowing date of the Nozomi F1 variety with a growing season of 90 days and a harvest date of June 20 as follows: June 20-(90+6) = March 15. Sow seeds for seedlings on time!

It takes 4–6 days for the first shoots of white cabbage to appear

Growing cabbage by seedlings is popular in our country, since many regions have an unstable climate with variable weather conditions, cold snaps and even frosts. It is used in the Moscow region and Siberia, the Urals and the Far East. Remember that a good harvest begins with strong and healthy seedlings! The seedless method (direct sowing of seeds in the ground) is used when growing early white cabbage in the southern and southeastern regions.

Direct sowing of cabbage seeds in the ground is used in the southern regions of our country

Seedling growing method

To obtain an early vegetable harvest, it is recommended to grow it through seedlings. When preparing for sowing, it is necessary to pay special attention to planting material, soil, and observe all stages of the planting process.

Stage 1: soil preparation

The soil for planting is light and fertile. Peat or coconut substrate is ideal as a base, to which humus and sand are added in equal parts.

Due to the sufficient amount of air and large structure, the composition does not cake, allowing young roots to develop beneficially

It is recommended to add wood ash to the soil mixture - 1 tbsp. spoon for every kilogram of soil. The ash will be a good source of micro- and macroelements, and will also perform a disinfecting function, in particular, it will prevent the spread of a dangerous disease of cabbage seedlings - black leg.

Stage 2: seed preparation

It is recommended to carry out pre-sowing seed treatment to protect against unwanted infections. This processing can be carried out in various ways:

The seeds are poured with slightly salted water for 20 minutes, then washed in running water and dried.
Planting material is immersed in hot (+45–50 degrees) water for 2–3 minutes, then in cold water for the same time. After this, the seeds need to be dried.

Note! Dried and specially treated cabbage seeds purchased in specialized stores do not require pre-sowing treatment.

The shell that envelops the seeds contains nutrients, microelements, and growth regulators.

Stage 3: determining planting dates

It is easy to calculate the optimal date for sowing June cabbage for seedlings:

Let's take the date of possible planting of seedlings in the ground as a starting point. This is the beginning of May, say the 3rd.
From this date we subtract 50 days (the age of seedlings recommended for planting). We get March 15th.
The maximum time required for seeds to germinate is 8 days. We subtract them from the resulting date and determine the planting date for the June variety - March 7.

Experienced gardeners advise planting this variety in several stages with an interval of 10 days. In this way, gradual ripening of the crop can be ensured.

Note! Since June cabbage is not stored for a long time, by planting the plants in stages, you will have the opportunity to use fresh heads of early cabbage for a long time.

Stage 4: Planting Process

The landing process itself is completely standard:

A container (wooden box, plastic tray) is filled with prepared soil mixture.
Using any suitable device (you can use an ordinary student ruler), press grooves about 1 cm deep.
Fill the boxes with soil, level it, press the grooves to the required depth with a ruler or other object.
The seeds are placed in the grooves at a distance of 3 cm from each other.
The seeds are sprinkled with soil.
Watered.
The planting containers are covered with film or glass and placed in a warm (+20–25 degrees) room.
The crops are covered with transparent material and sent to the brightest place in the apartment

Stage 5: caring for seedlings before planting in the ground

After the emergence of seedlings, remove the transparent covering material and reduce the temperature to +14–17 degrees. If necessary, the crops are thinned out by plucking out excess plants. Watering is carried out moderately and only as needed.

Important! Excessive soil moisture can lead to seedlings becoming infected with blackleg.

2 weeks after emergence, the seedlings are planted. To do this, it is advisable to use individual containers, in particular peat pots, from which you do not need to remove the seedling when planting it in the ground. This will prevent damage to the root system and will promote rapid adaptation of seedlings and their active growth. For picking, you can use the same soil mixture as for planting seedlings. When transplanting, it is recommended to deepen the seedlings to the cotyledon leaves.

Early ripening varieties of white cabbage: features of use

Early cabbage is distinguished by its light weight of heads and rapid ripening; its harvest can be harvested as early as June-July, but it is not suitable for long-term storage or pickles for the winter. Early cabbage is grown for fresh consumption. I usually plant two types of varieties: a bed with late cabbage - for winter preparations and a bed with early cabbage - for preparing vitamin dishes in the summer. Let's look at what varieties of early ripening cabbage there are. In general, the agricultural technology for growing white cabbage is known, but there are also features of growing seedlings of early varieties.

Description of early varieties of white cabbage

Selecting cabbage varieties is especially important if you grow cabbage through seedlings and planting it in open ground. Early ripening varieties allow you to get a guaranteed harvest in any climate. Choose modern varieties and hybrids of white cabbage for the most delicious salads.

Early varieties of cabbage resistant to frost

The period from planting seedlings to ripening is 50-60 days,
a compact round head of cabbage weighs 0.9–2.4 kg.
A characteristic feature is the simultaneous ripening of all heads of cabbage, so it is better to plant seedlings of different ages.

Harvesting 60-65 days after planting seedlings,
head weight 0.9-2.5 kg.

Early cabbage varieties resistant to head cracking

After ripening, the head of resistant early varieties does not crack and lasts 10-15 days.

Ripens 55 days after planting the seedlings.
Head of cabbage weighing 0.8-1.5 kg.

From germination to ripening 96-100 days.
Head of cabbage weighing 1.8-2.1 kg.
Juicy heads of cabbage with excellent taste.

From germination to harvest 98-100 days.
Heads of cabbage with a delicate structure, weighing 1.5-2 kg.
Delicate structure of heads of cabbage.

Early ripening Dutch
variety - about 90 days before harvest.
Round heads of cabbage weighing up to 1.5 kg.
Stable yield.

An early hybrid, bred in Russia, 90 days before ripening.
Keeps well after cleaning.
Round heads of cabbage weighing up to 1.5 kg.

A very early ripening variety, the period from planting is 110-115 days.
The head of cabbage is light green, round, weighing 2.5 kg.
Unpretentious to grow.

Ultra-early ripening hybrid - 100 days before ripening.
Round heads of cabbage weighing up to 1.5 kg ripen together,
little susceptible to cracking.

Early cabbage varieties resistant to diseases

The harvest is given 105 days after emergence.
Round heads weighing up to 1.2 kg, very tasty.
It is resistant to many diseases
.

The growing season from planting seedlings is 55 days.
The head of cabbage is large, round, weighing 1.5-2.5 kg.
Slug resistant
.

Asian Express F1

The rosette of leaves is semi-raised, 50 cm in diameter.
The heads of cabbage are open, round-oval, weighing 1–1.2 kg, with a small stalk.
The internal texture is creamy white, dense, juicy and sweet.
The hybrid is resistant to vascular bacteriosis
.
It is distinguished by the uniformity of heads of cabbage, early and uniform formation of the harvest, does not crack at the root and has high transportability.

Recommended for early summer fresh use. The ripening period is 60–65 days.

Orient Express F1

A rosette of leaves 35 cm high, 50 cm in diameter. The outer leaf is dark green, with a faint waxy coating.
The head is round (16x15 cm), weighing 1.5 kg.
The internal texture is dense, white-cream, sweet.
When ripe, the root does not crack
within 10–12 days.
The hybrid is resistant to vascular and mucous bacteriosis
.

The ripening period is 55–60 days.

The head of cabbage is cone-shaped, with an average weight of 1.3 kg.
Excellent fresh.
The hybrid is resistant to Fusarium wilt
.

The ripening period is 95–100 days.

Sugar ball F1

The rosette of leaves is medium, the leaf is gray-green, with a slight waxy coating.
The heads of cabbage are round, leveled, weighing 1–1.5 kg.
The internal texture is yellowish, dense, juicy, sweet.
The hybrid is transportable, resistant to vascular bacteriosis
.
Suitable for early summer use.

The ripening period is 75–80 days.

New early varieties of white cabbage

In order to harvest the first harvest in the summer, you need to plant seedlings of early and super-early varieties and hybrids of cabbage, preferably new and modern ones:

Bella F1,
Explosion F1,
Gazelle F1,
Zephyr F1,
Cambria F1,
Karaflex F1,
Kevin F1,
Kilagreg F1,
Kraft F1,
Malachite F1,
Baby F1,
Mirror F1,
Nakhodka,
Parel F1,
Pructor F1,
Reactor F1,
Precocious,
Solo F1,
Tatiana,
Dot,
Transfer F1,
Express F1.

As you can see, there is a wide choice. Let's briefly talk about the most interesting of them, listing the main advantages.

The head of cabbage has a round shape, a yellowish center and weighs about 1.5
kg.
The taste is good, especially tasty when fresh.

The ripening period is 100–112 days.

The head of cabbage is round, white when cut. Its weight ranges from 1.2 to 1.4
kg.
Suitable for fresh consumption, good taste.

The ripening period is 98–104 days.

The head of cabbage is round, quite dense, and yellowish when cut.
The average weight of a head of cabbage is 1.4 kg.
Very tasty when fresh.

The ripening period is 98–102 days.

The heads of cabbage of this hybrid are round and quite large: the average weight is about 2.5 kg
.
When cut, the flesh is white.
The hybrid is excellent fresh.

The ripening period is 99–105 days.

The average weight of the round, whitish-on-cut heads of this hybrid is about 2 kg
.
The taste is excellent, amazing when fresh.

The ripening period is 100–103 days.

The hybrid forms round-shaped heads of cabbage, yellowish when cut, weighing about 1.5 kg.
The heads of cabbage are dense, very tasty, suitable for fresh consumption.

The ripening period is 98–102 days.

The average weight of a round-flat, whitish head of cabbage when cut is 1.5 kg
or more.
This hybrid is characterized by a horizontal rosette of medium-sized leaves.
The taste of the heads of cabbage is excellent; they are best consumed fresh.

Maturation period 90 days,

The hybrid is characterized by a horizontally oriented rosette of leaves and a rounded flat appearance.
The head of cabbage is white when cut, weighing just under 1.5 kg
.
The taste is good, it is better to use fresh.

The ripening period is 92 days.

The head of cabbage is almost perfectly round, white when cut, and excellent when fresh.
Average weight is about 1.3 kg.
The taste is wonderful.

The ripening period is 102–106 days.

Growing early varieties of cabbage

Early-harvest cabbage differs from mid- and late-harvest cabbage in that it is incapable of long-term storage and has softer heads with juicy leaves, ideal for fresh consumption and for salads.

Early cabbage is crispy and full of vitamins. As a rule, it contains even more nutrients than the late, dense forks of which we store for storage.

Growing seedlings

Seeds are sown in the first ten days of March in boxes with prepared soil - a mixture of turf soil, sand and humus (1: 1: 1). It is better to sow several seeds a day with an interval of 5 days - this will extend the harvest period.
Boxes with crops are kept at a temperature of 18-20°C until the first shoots appear. Then they need to be taken out to a cold room with a temperature of 6-8°C.
After 8-10 days, the seedlings are planted in peat tablets or plastic pots, which are placed on the windowsills. For the first 2-3 days, while the seedlings are taking root, the temperature should be 17-18°C, after that - 13-14°C during the day and 10-12°C at night.

To prevent blackleg, seedlings are watered with a weak solution of copper sulfate or the soil surface is dusted with fine ash.

Transplanting

Seedlings are planted in open ground in early May.

, as soon as the soil has warmed up to 8°C to a depth of 10 cm.

To protect against sunburn, cold winds and frosts, the planted cabbage seedlings are covered with a non-woven covering material.
10 days after planting, the cabbage is hilled up and fertilized with a 1:10 solution of mullein with the addition of 1 tbsp. l. urea 0.5 liters of solution per plant.

There is no need to be late in harvesting so that the cabbage does not lose its taste.

Landing place

When planning your cabbage bed, consider what you grew in that space last year.

Cabbage should not be planted after turnips
,
radishes
,
radishes
,
mustard
and other cruciferous vegetables - they are affected by the same pests and diseases, and pathogens accumulate in the soil.
The best predecessors of early cabbage are potatoes
,
peas
,
onions
,
carrots
,
beets
, and
cucumbers
.
It is better to fertilize the soil in the fall
by adding humus at the rate of 1 bucket per 2 m².

Read even more articles on our website “Antonov Sad.ru”