Description and characteristics of the 27 best varieties of plums for the Urals, planting and care

Proper preparation for winter

Preparatory activities before wintering are carried out in advance, approximately 2-3 weeks before the onset of cold weather.

• fertilization;
• tree inspection;
• cleaning tree trunk circles;
• loosening the soil and hilling plums;
• whitewashing the trunk;
• shelter.

Potassium and phosphorus fertilizers are applied as top dressing (20-30 grams of superphosphate and potassium sulfate). They remove fallen leaves and burn them away from the plantings. Carefully inspect the tree branches and bark, cleaning off damaged areas and covering them with varnish.

To protect against pests, the trunks are whitened with a special composition:

All components are taken in equal proportions and a thick putty is mixed. For greater protection, add approximately 25-30 grams of copper sulfate (per liter of composition).

Before cold weather, plums are insulated by tying the stems with straw and burlap. For small seedlings, “houses” are made of burlap or spruce branches. It is practical to use agrofibre for protection. In the spring, with the onset of warmth, the materials are gradually removed.

It is not so difficult to grow tasty and sweet plums in harsh Siberia. And even if the weather conditions in this region are not the best, with proper care and attention the harvest will be a success!

Diseases and pests

The most common pests are aphids, flea beetles and codling moths.

1. A solution of “Oxychom” (20 g per 10 liters of water) or “Khomus” (50 g per 4 liters of water) helps to get rid of aphids and fleas.
2. A solution of manganese (30 g per 10 liters of water) is used against the codling moth. Spraying is carried out at intervals of 20 days.

Common diseases include powdery mildew, root rot, hole spot and fruit rot. A solution of colloidal salt (50 g per 10 liters of water) helps to get rid of powdery mildew. For fruit rot - Bordeaux mixture (70 g per 5 liters of water). Acyclovir solution (30 g per 6 liters of water) will help prevent perforated spotting.

Root rot cannot be cured. The entire plant will have to be removed, and the area where it grows will have to be treated with a manganese solution (5 g per 10 liters of water). Prevention consists of spraying with copper sulfate (60 g per 5 liters of water). Spraying is carried out at intervals of 30 days.

Basic principles of agricultural technology

You should not buy plums of northern varieties from random sellers - only in a nursery. This will help to avoid mistakes and will not allow you to purchase a tree that is not zoned to the Ural region. It is better to take a tree that is two to three years old and has a well-developed root system.

In order for the tree to take root well and bear fruit, planting must be thoughtful. First you need to find a suitable place: a slope in the southwestern part of the garden plot or on its southern side. It is worth avoiding places where water often stagnates - if water is close or present, the roots of the tree will begin to freeze and rot.

The tree is planted in a planting hole, which is dug approximately 0.7 by 0.8 m in size, mixing the fertile soil layer with compost, ash and superphosphate. Northern varieties are not planted in the fall, only in the spring.

Important! Do not bury the seedling too deeply into the ground. The root collar should always be slightly higher than the ground (about 7-8 cm)

It is worth placing a small peg next to the seedling so that the young plant has support. The planted tree is watered abundantly at the rate of one or two buckets of water per plant. After watering, the tree trunk circle should be well mulched

During the growth process, the plant is watered carefully so that excess moisture does not cause the root system to become wet and damp, and also does not provoke excessive growth of shoots. Usually water abundantly only in spring and early summer, then at the moment the fruits ripen, and mulch the ground each time

But in August you should stop watering.

During growth and fruit formation, the seedling feeds on nutrients extracted from the soil. He needs to be helped by applying fertilizers in a timely manner. Care consists of proper feeding with organic matter (rotted manure), potassium salt and superphosphate. Ammonium nitrate is also added in spring.

Timely pruning will prevent thickening of the tree crown. Sanitary pruning is carried out to cut out old or damaged branches after winter. The beautiful appearance of the crown is achieved by formative pruning. Finally, there is anti-aging pruning - it is needed for trees older than five years.

Pruning plum branches

The peculiarity of preparing for winter in cold areas is that the tree is often tilted to the ground to protect it from wind and temperature changes. In this case, it is cut in a specific way, tilted and the shoots are pinned to the ground. Next they cover it with snow. But this cannot be done with all species. Usually, to preserve the plant, the trunks are covered with whitewash for the winter and covered with spruce branches.

Preventing the occurrence of diseases and pests on garden crops is another concern of the gardener. Plum trees can be damaged by sawflies and aphids. You should constantly inspect and destroy pests. Bordeaux mixture is very helpful in combating them. There are many folk ways to protect plants from garden pests and diseases.

Thus, even in unfavorable areas, including Siberia and the Urals, it is possible to grow full-fledged and productive varieties. Of course, agricultural technology here will be a little more complicated than in the southern regions, but for diligence and care, the plum will repay you a hundredfold with an abundant and tasty harvest.

Typical landing mistakes

If agricultural practices are violated, the trees will die, and quite quickly. It is not difficult to eliminate such a problem: you need to analyze the most common mistakes and prevent them during work:

Even when planting in spring, it is better to insulate the seedling before winter, at least in the first season. Then it definitely won’t die when temperatures drop significantly; adult varieties usually tolerate cold weather without problems.

Judging by the reviews of gardeners, growing plums in the Urals differs little from the middle zone. The only difference is in the timing of the work and preparation for winter. Plus, plants are more demanding on feeding, since the summer is short, they need to quickly set and form fruits.

Even a novice gardener can do the planting. The main thing is to choose a zoned variety, choose and properly prepare the place for the plum. It is better to plant in the spring, then the tree adapts over the season, follow simple rules of care in the first year.

Source

Description of varieties

Ussuri plum (frost-resistant varieties)

Ussuri plums that can withstand a significant drop in temperature include:

1. Divnaya (Krasnoyarsk) bears small red fruits, weighing up to 10 g. Plums have a sour-sweet taste, the peel is slightly bitter. The variety is characterized by an average degree of winter hardiness. When properly pruned, the seedling forms a rounded crown. The harvest is harvested in the last week of summer.

The plum variety Divnaya is characterized by a round-oval shape of the fruit.

The main color of the fruit is yellow-orange, but most of the surface of the fruit is occupied by a bright red blush.

The pulp is light yellow, loose, sweet-sour taste.

Fruiting begins 3–4 years after planting as an annual seedling.

Manchurian beauty is an old variety with a medium ripening period.

Varietal features

This plum variety was obtained artificially at the South Ural Research Institute by breeder Mullayanov. Cherry plum hybrids have been crossed. The Ural Red variety includes several more subspecies that have similar characteristics. The average height of the tree reaches 3 m. The voluminous crown is represented by a rather wide head of foliage. Flowering begins in the spring at the same time that the Far Eastern varieties of plums bloom. There is a danger of flowers dying from frost.

The description of the fruits of the Ural red plum is similar to the characteristics of the fruits of other varieties grown in the Ural region, but it also has its own characteristics. The small fruits are colored deep red. Smooth, round, slightly pointed fruits have a ventral seam in the middle. The yellow flesh is hidden under the easily removed peel. The bone does not fit tightly. The taste of plum is predominantly sweet; there is almost no acid in it.

The first fruits can be harvested 4 years after planting. The trend is that every year more and more plums ripen on the tree. An adult tree can produce 20-30 kg annually. The Ural Red variety is partially self-sterile - it is advisable to plant varieties of Ural or Ussuri plums nearby. The variety acts as an excellent pollinator for other plants.

Plum in Siberia: planting, growing and care

First, determine the place where the crop will grow. Site requirements:

• a place well lit by the sun;
• protected from winds;
• with light fertile soil.

Winter winds are especially dangerous for plum trees, so it is better to plant the tree near fences or closer to outbuildings.

The culture likes to grow on chernozem soils with a light airy structure. To ensure the passage of air and moisture, sand is added to heavy soils. It is unacceptable to plant plums in areas with close groundwater. Acidic, waterlogged soils are not suitable. In such places, the tree often gets sick, does not bear fruit and dies.

Holes are dug, maintaining a distance between plantings. For varieties with voluminous crowns, leave up to 3-4 meters; for small-growing plums, one and a half meters is enough. Don’t forget about planting pollinators for self-sterile varieties. For such drains, in addition to the main holes, holes are dug for pollinating trees.

Step 1. Preparing the pit

Preparatory work begins in advance; holes are dug 3-4 weeks before planting the seedlings. If you plan to plant the crop in the spring, holes are dug in the fall.

The sizes are determined by the size of the seedlings. Usually the depth is 50-60 cm, the diameter is 60 cm. The soil from the pit is mixed with a nutrient mixture (compost, fertilizers), and drainage must be laid at the bottom. Suitable for him:

• stones;
• pieces of iron;
• brick fragments.

Note! In cold weather, a drainage layer of iron and stones will warm the roots of the plum tree, giving them accumulated and saved heat.

The mixture is poured halfway over the drainage layer to form a mound.

Step 2. Planting plums in Siberia

They carefully take a seedling and place it in the very center, on a mound. Then the roots are sprinkled with the remaining nutrient mixture, soil, compacted and watered. Deep planting, which leads to damping off of the tree bark, is not allowed.

A peg is placed in the hole, to which a young tree is tied. The support will prevent the plum from falling under the wind or heavy precipitation.

Step 3. Mulching

After planting the tree, the soil around it is thoroughly mulched. Sawdust, humus or rotted peat are suitable.

Subsequent care of seedlings

Subsequent plum care in Siberia includes:

• watering;
• feeding;
• crown formation;
• pruning;
• preparation for wintering.

Watering

Water regularly, taking into account the condition of the soil and seedlings

Young plums need moisture for proper growth and crown formation, so it is important to prevent the soil from drying out. For mature trees, 3-4 waterings per season are sufficient, especially when the fruits ripen.

After collecting the plums, watering is stopped.

During rainy seasons, trees do not need watering. Excessive waterlogging causes increased growth of shoots in the crop to the detriment of fruiting, damping off of the bark, and the appearance of a large number of aphids.

Feeding

When planting, a nutrient mixture is placed in the hole, so in the first 2-3 years the plum does not need additional fertilizing.

At about 3-4 years the tree bears its first fruits, from this time the plum is fertilized with organic matter (5-6 kg each) and an ash solution.

Crown formation and pruning

Trim the shoots in the spring, removing damaged and dry branches. In summer, it is recommended to thin out the crown and remove young plum trees. Old shoots of fruit-bearing trees are cut out every three years, and the tops of the branches are shortened in the spring.

To avoid thickening of the crown, some of the branches are removed in June. All cuts are lubricated with garden varnish, and pruning tools are disinfected.

Note! In regions with a cold climate, it is recommended to choose plum varieties with an unthickened crown for planting. They are easier to care for and cover for the winter.

Freezing of the soil

One of the problems of many varieties of plums when grown in Siberia is the damping off of the skeletal branches and bark of the tree trunk. This happens in areas where large amounts of snow fall. Cleaning alone is not enough, since without snow there is a high risk of roots freezing. The problem is solved by compacting the snow cover around the plum and installing large empty containers (tanks or barrels) around them.

Protecting plums from pests

Young plum trees are often attacked by various insects. To prevent attacks, as well as to protect against infections, it is recommended to treat plantings with Fitoverm or Fufan.

Mistakes of novice gardeners

When growing plums in the Urals, novice gardeners often make mistakes

If trees grow poorly, the leaves turn yellow, spots appear on the bark, you need to pay attention to this and, if possible, correct the situation. The most common mistakes include:

• planting in an unsuitable area (in the shade or in a lowland where groundwater is high);
• planting too deep (if you plant a seedling deeply, the root collar ends up below ground level and the trunk gradually becomes damp);
• dense plantings (if trees are planted too close, the risk of developing fungal infections increases, plums suffer from lack of light, branches stretch upward, which makes it difficult to collect fruits and leads to loss of yield);
• lack of pollinating varieties (in the Urals, mostly non-self-fertile plums grow, so you need to not only plant several trees on the site, but also select the right varieties so that flowering occurs at approximately the same time);
• incorrect dosage of fertilizers (lack of nutrients in the soil leads to a decrease in yield, but you should not get carried away with fertilizers either, as this leads to fattening, the appearance of a large number of spiny branches, and a decrease in the quality and safety of fruits);
• early pruning of the crown (if you trim branches too early, before the end of sap flow, the risk of infection with fungal diseases increases);
• untimely removal of basal shoots (over time, basal shoots form near the plums, which must be removed so that they do not draw back the juices and obscure the trunk).

In the Urals and other northern regions you can get an excellent harvest of plums. To do this, you need to plant the seedlings correctly and follow the basic principles of agricultural technology. The choice of variety is also of great importance. Not all types of plums grow in regions with cold climates and are characterized by increased resistance to temperature fluctuations.

How to plant

The choice of variety and planting characteristics are in no way connected; the work is carried out the same way regardless of the variety.
Therefore, it is enough to understand all the features of the process once, then it will not be difficult to do everything correctly, even if there is no experience at all: The gardener decides when to plant a plum. It is easier to carry out the work in the spring; if necessary, it is easy to support the plant, feed it and cure it of diseases. Choose a good time, morning or evening when there is no sun is best.

Regional features of plum cultivation

More successful regions for growing fruit trees are the Omsk region and the Altai Territory (especially the southern regions).

Criteria for selecting seedlings

To plant plums in Siberia, it is advisable to choose annual seedlings.

To understand which plum varieties are best to plant in Siberia, it is recommended that you familiarize yourself with some of the requirements.

• The variety must be winter-hardy, because the conditions in the region are quite harsh and sub-zero temperatures last for about six months.
• It is best to choose a variety with a long dormant period, whose buds do not respond to early warming, i.e. they are considered weakly arousable.
• The fruits must ripen quickly, because summer in the region is short.

All about the dacha

Owners of gardens in the Urals often do not risk growing plums, believing that they will not survive. However, there are many varieties that are not only winter-hardy, but also produce regular harvests. This is confirmed by the description of the Ural Red plum variety, which is grown not only in the Urals, but also in Siberia.

Ural red plum - winter-hardy variety

Question answer

A plum planted in autumn dries out, what should I do?

If soon after planting the seedling looks weakened and begins to dry out, you can try to help it recover. First of all, it is necessary to analyze whether the watering regime is broken. In dry autumn, it is recommended to pour 1-2 buckets of water per week onto one tree. In addition to lack of moisture, fungal diseases can cause drying. If their signs are detected, the plant must be treated with fungicides. There is no need to rush to uproot the plum. Perhaps in the spring the tree will give new shoots.

Is it possible to replant a plum tree in the fall?

According to agricultural technicians, autumn transplantation is more gentle than spring transplantation. The tree will have time to adapt before winter and will be able to fully grow and develop in the spring.

When planting in autumn, it is important to complete the work 40-50 days before the onset of frost. In dry autumn, it is necessary to water once every 10 days

Is it possible to plant a plum next to an apple tree?

The proximity of a plum tree and an apple tree is quite acceptable. But at the same time it is necessary to follow the planting scheme. The distance between fruit trees should be at least 3 meters. In this case, the root systems of the trees will not intersect and will not compete for nutrients. The risk of contracting diseases will be minimal, and the diseases of the two cultures are different.

What to do if the plum tree does not bear fruit?

There may be several reasons for this. Perhaps the variety is self-sterile and for pollination it requires proximity to a plum or cherry plum, which would bloom in the same period. If this is the reason, then the only solution to the problem is to plant a pollinator tree. Infertility is often caused by various diseases. A tree affected by the disease weakens over time. All forces in this case are aimed at survival, and not at fruiting. Based on external signs, it is necessary to identify a possible disease and carry out treatment. If the plum suddenly stopped bearing fruit, the color may have been damaged by spring frosts. In this case, all that remains is to wait for the new season.

What to do if a plum tree drops green fruits?

Insufficient watering most often leads to shedding of unripe fruits. In dry years, it is necessary to provide the tree with sufficient moisture. This problem is especially acute on light, sandy soils. When pouring fruit, one adult plum requires 5-6 buckets of water. Frequency – 1-2 times every 10 days.

What to do if a plum sprouts shoots?

The appearance of numerous shoots, that is, young shoots growing near the main trunk, is an alarming signal. This phenomenon indicates that the tree is experiencing an acute deficiency of nutrients or is affected by some kind of disease. By letting out shoots, the plum tries to preserve life through its offspring. Therefore, when a large number of new shoots appear, it is necessary to analyze the situation, identify the problem and eliminate it. The growth must be removed. It’s better to do this shallowly, digging with a shovel and picking them out of the ground along with the horses

A large number of roots are located in the top layer of soil, so you need to be careful not to dig too deep

What to do if the plum is wormy?

The reason for this problem is the spread of pests. Insects such as plum borer and plum sawfly can destroy the entire crop. Frosty winters are not scary for parasites either. In the larval stage, they easily tolerate frosts under the bark of a tree or in its cracks. To destroy pests, it will be enough to treat the plum with insecticides in spring and autumn. Chemical treatments can only be carried out when the tree is dormant. Otherwise, the fruits will be inedible. During the budding period, you can spray the plum with an infusion of garlic or wormwood. This will not affect the taste and quality of the berries, but will repel pests.

The Urals have always been considered a zone of risky agriculture. Growing heat-loving crops in a sharply continental climate is much more difficult than in warm regions

Therefore, it is so important to choose a zoned plum variety for the Urals and follow all recommendations for its cultivation

New varieties

The Buryat Fruit Growing Experimental Station has developed new varieties recommended for cultivation in areas with snowy and frosty winters:

• Daughter of Buryatia;
• Stranger;
• Baikal amber;
• Finding Buryatia.

The discovery of Buryatia is distinguished by its large fruits, which can be enjoyed fresh or made into jam, jam, or preserves.

The trees are characterized by resistance to damping off. Plums are medium-sized and produce an unstable harvest, since the buds are prone to freezing during return frosts in the spring. The fruits are large, the weight of the plum is 30–35 g. Plums are self-sterile; Ussuri varieties are used as pollinators.

Due to unfavorable conditions in the Novosibirsk region, new varieties bred at the South Ural Research Institute are not recommended for planting: Uyskaya, Kuyashskaya, Shershnevskaya. They are prone to overheating and freezing of the buds.

Plum for the Urals - the best varieties

The best varieties of cherries for the Urals
Not all types of plums are suitable for growing in a cold region. There are not so many suitable types:

• cherry plum The most famous is Pavlovskaya, which is distinguished not only by its winter hardiness, but also by its good ability to recover after a hard winter; Almost all varieties of northern plums are bee-pollinated, and cherry plum species are, as a rule, self-sterile. Thus, when planting trees in your garden, you should take care of the presence of different pollinators. For Pavlovskaya cherry plum, it is preferable to have Pchelnikovskaya as pollinators.
• Ussuri - among others, it is the most winter-hardy species, descended from the Chinese. The tree is tall, with a well-branched crown. Withstands frost down to -55 degrees;
• Canadian plum is a variety of North American plum. It has good winter hardiness and a long dormant period. Does not suffer from early frosts in the spring, as they bloom much later than the usual home plum. There are also tall ones, up to 5 m, but most are still medium tall, with a wide spreading crown;
• cherry-plum hybrids - the result of crossing Chinese and American plums with Bessey or sand cherry;
• thorn

Today there are many species intended for cultivation in cold areas.

The most popular varieties of Ussuri plum include the following:

• Ural dawns;
• Pioneer;
• Shy;
• Vesta;
• Chemalskaya;
• Manchurian beauty;
• Blue Chemalsuya (this variety tolerates super cold well);
• early Khabarovsk;
• Chemal's gift;
• Arkhangelsk Jubilee.

Canadian type varieties include the following:

• Ural Hungarian;
• Seligran variety;
• plum Pearl of the Urals;
• Stepnyachka;
• Rosy;
• Krasnoselskaya plum variety;
• Kulundinskaya.

These types are the most cold-resistant.

If we form the TOP 10 varieties created on the basis of the most winter-hardy species (Ussuri and Canadian), you will get the following list of the best varieties:

1. Covenant.
2. Pioneer.
3. Commonwealth.
4. Hungarian Ural.
5. Seligran.
6. Worthy.
7. Ural dawns.
8. Vega, Flamingo.
9. Selenite.
10. Neiva.

Now let’s talk in detail about how to choose a variety and how this or that plum for the Urals differs in taste and other characteristics.

Ural golden plum

Among the recently bred, but already becoming popular, the following varieties can be distinguished:

• The Chebarkul variety plum is compact, its height is no more than 3 meters, and the crown diameter is the same. The Chebarkul plum is sweet, quite large, tolerates winter well, does not freeze or damp out much, and is resistant to diseases.
• Pearl of the Urals ( brought out in 2005) is a mid-early, high-yielding variety, characterized by good taste and high yields.

Among the most productive varieties are the following:

• Plum Pride of the Urals is a very productive variety. Plum Pride of the Urals is similar in description to the Shershnevskaya variety, and it was bred from it. The yield of the variety is 15 kg of fruit can be collected from a three-meter tree. The crown is not thickened and does not respond well to damping off and freezing.
• Ural prunes are also one of the highest-yielding varieties among northern plums and are winter-hardy. It is slightly smaller than ordinary plums, quite sweet, but has a higher density and low juiciness of the fruit. The pronounced plum taste is slightly tart, but pleasant.

If we compare plums of northern varieties by color, we can distinguish the following:

• Plum Snow White. Description of the variety: the tree attracts attention even with its name. Snow White is a mid-season plum variety. The fruit is covered with a light, waxy-looking coating. The tree can withstand frost down to -40 degrees. It responds to care with an abundant harvest of delicious, aromatic fruits.
• The Ural golden plum is also a mid-season variety. The fruits are distinguished by their golden and yellow hue. The tree bears fruit consistently and annually, producing yellow, elastic fruits. They go well both as fresh food and for canning;
• The Sverdlovsk red plum, according to the description of its appearance, resembles the Ural red plum.
• The Ural red plum variety is quite productive. The fruits are bright red.

When is the best time to plant plums?

It is better to choose the time of planting plums taking into account the climate in the region. You can plant a seedling in spring or autumn, but you need to take into account some nuances. For the Urals and northern regions, such work in the garden is recommended to be carried out in the spring.

When planting plums in the fall in the Urals, the survival rate of the tree is lower. There is a higher risk of death of the fruit crop. The root system of the seedling after transplantation is quite weak. In severe frosts, the plum tree may die. To reduce risks, plums are planted in the Urals from late September to late October. From the moment of transplantation until the onset of the first frost, at least 1-1.5 months must pass. During this time, the tree has time to take root. Planting it before September is also risky. The sap flow is still very intense. Some varieties just finish bearing fruit in September.

Planting plum trees in spring has many advantages:

• the risk of death from sudden cold weather is minimal;
• the supply of moisture in the soil after the end of winter allows the lucha seedling to take root and grow;
• During the process of seedling growth, the gardener has the opportunity to quickly respond to all changes (pest damage, lack of moisture).

It is better to prepare the planting hole in the fall. Over the winter, the soil will settle down and when planting a tree, you will be able to immediately dig it down to the required depth, avoiding deep deepening of the root collar.

If you fail to plant a tree within the recommended time frame in the fall, there is no need to take risks. It is better to place it in a large pot with fertile soil, cover it with soil and compact it. Keep the seedling in a cool room. In the spring it can be planted in open ground. The ideal time to plant is a cool, cloudy day without rain.

Note! Planting of a plum must be done before the leaf buds bloom on it. The tree should still be asleep. At the same time, the air temperature at night should not fall below + 5°C.

Seedlings with a closed root system take root much better. Beginning gardeners should purchase such planting material, despite the high cost. Saplings with an open root system require more careful handling.

How to choose your pick-up time

In order for the tree to take root, choose the right moment to plant it in the ground. Mistakes will lead to damage to the plant; in the most difficult cases, the seedling dies. It is easy to eliminate this problem if you choose the time for work according to the recommendations.

Spring

Many gardeners in the Urals consider this period to be the most successful. Most often, the work is done after winter; if you remember the simple rules and follow them, the tree will quickly get accustomed to the new place and begin to grow:

You can buy seedlings a little earlier and keep them in a damp rag or tub, so the roots do not dry out. When a favorable period arrives, immediately place it in the ground, thus providing more time for development.

In the Urals, the season is characterized by high temperatures during the day, and at night it often drops significantly. These are unfavorable conditions for any planting work; it is better not to carry it out. But sometimes there is no other way out, in this case you need to follow a few tips to achieve success:

If possible, it is better not to use this option at all. But if there is no other way out, then do the work carefully and precisely, water the hole abundantly, straighten the crushed roots if they stick out beyond the soil lump.

Autumn

Planting plums in the fall in the Urals must be done exactly on time and agricultural practices must be followed, otherwise winter will destroy the plant.
If everything is done correctly, then most often the seedling is accepted, but you can find out about this only after the onset of warm weather. Remember the features: It is better to purchase options in containers, they will take root much faster. Use seedlings between 1 and 2 years old; they adapt best; the older the plant, the less likely it is to succeed.

Principles of planting and agricultural technology

It is recommended to plant plums in open ground in a certain sequence. To plant a seedling you need:

1. Dig a hole in the area 80 cm deep and about 60 cm in diameter. These are approximate parameters that can be adjusted depending on the size of the root system and its type.
2. You need to drive a peg into the dug hole. Place the seedling vertically and straighten the roots.
3. The soil dug out of the hole must be mixed with fertile soil and compost. You can add a little peat. Mineral fertilizers should also be used as an additive. For 1 seedling it is enough to add 2/3 cup of superphosphate, 3 tbsp. l. potassium salt, 1 glass of ash.
4. Cover the seedling with a mixture of soil and fertilizer and tamp it down lightly. The root collar of the seedling should be located 3-4 cm above ground level.
5. Water the tree with water. You can first keep it warm, warming it to a temperature several degrees higher than the ambient temperature. The tree is watered with water at the rate of 2-3 buckets per seedling.
6. Tie the plum to a stake to secure it in place. In this case, the tree will grow strictly vertically, and not at an angle.

Note! There are fundamental differences between planting in autumn and spring. In the spring, it is recommended to add 1/3 of a bucket of rotted manure to the soil to sprinkle the seedlings along with fertile soil and mineral fertilizers. It is prohibited to apply organic fertilizers in autumn. This can trigger growth, which is not necessary before the start of winter.

The distance between seedlings should not exceed 3-4 meters. For spreading varieties, this parameter can be increased. Columnar varieties and hybrids can be planted at a distance of 2 m from each other. It is better to place varieties that bloom at the same time nearby so that the flowers are better pollinated.

The tree trunk circle must be mulched with straw, freshly cut grass or tree bark. After watering, such a shelter will retain moisture in the soil.

Plum care

To get a good plum harvest, not only planting is important, but also care. Caring for trees is quite simple. There is no need to process them immediately after transplantation. The first treatment should be carried out after 2-3 weeks. It is better to spray the tree with 1% Bordeaux mixture. In the fall, after transplantation, the seedling is no longer watered. In spring, watering is required starting at the end of March. In dry weather, 2-3 buckets of water should be poured under each tree once a week. There are no strict recommendations regarding watering. You need to focus on soil moisture. The soil in the tree trunk circle at a depth of 20-30 cm should not dry out. Every autumn, the tree trunk circle needs to be dug up and fertilized at the rate of 30 g of superphosphate and 20 g of potassium salt per square meter of circle. In the spring, an additional 30-40 g of urea is added to each tree.

Winters in the Urals and northern regions are harsh, so trees are insulated in late autumn. After mulching the tree trunk circle, you need to additionally cover it with spruce branches. The root collar should be hidden. In the first few years after transplanting a seedling, you can wrap the tree trunk with agrofibre or burlap. This not only protects from frost, but also prevents rodents from gnawing on the bark.

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Every autumn, after the end of sap flow, trees must be pruned. In this case, you need to remove all old, dried, diseased branches. The top and side branches are trimmed by 3-5 cm. In mature trees, the crown is thinned out by cutting off intersecting shoots. It is allowed to cut no more than 1/4 branches at a time. Experienced gardeners do not recommend getting too carried away with pruning, as this can lead to the loss of part of the harvest. The fruits of many varieties are set on the upper parts of the branches.

Varieties of plum Ural red

Varieties include Ural golden and Ural yellow. They have some common features with the original variety, but there are also differences.

Ural golden plum

The hybrid variety was obtained in Chelyabinsk by combining the plum varieties Pionerka and Zheltaya Khopta. A medium-height tree with a wide crown withstands the harsh Ural winters. According to the ripening period, it belongs to the mid-early varieties. Fruiting is constant and abundant. The weight of one fruit is no more than 17 g. Under the thin yellow peel there is pulp with a mixed sweet and sour taste. Plums are suitable for fresh eating and for a variety of preparations. The variety is practically not susceptible to diseases, and pests also rarely attack it.

Ural yellow plum

The Ural yellow plum is often called Morning or Morning. It is perfect for garden plots located in the Ural and Siberian regions. The tree is often called a bush due to the fact that it does not grow higher than 2 m. The weight of the fruits of this plum varies from 15 to 18 g. The color of the skin and pulp is the same - bright yellow, a waxy coating is visible.

The yellow color indicates the content of pectin, which is beneficial for the body. The harvested crop is consumed fresh and used to make jam, marmalade, and drinks.

Ural yellow plum, also known as Morning plum