Camellia
The passion of collectors makes us regularly purchase many different new items. Every year, in a separate area, we plant up to 30 varieties of new tomatoes. These were purchased at exhibitions, received in exchange from other tomato collectors, and received as gifts from gardeners from all over the country.
We often receive tomato seeds of unknown varieties. And even more often, the so-called “branded” seeds produce tomatoes of completely different varieties than those indicated on the bag. There is such a mismatch that the name indicated on the bag can be completely neglected.
What does a tomato variety and hybrid mean, what is the difference
A variety is the result of many years of selection and reproduction of the most productive and stable parent pairs of plants.
Varietal crops retain their properties in the next several generations. Seeds of any variety can be grown independently; they repeat the parental characteristics. Perhaps this explains the huge (most likely incalculable) popular selection of tomatoes. On seed packets, next to the name you can see the designation F1. This suggests that this is not a variety, but a hybrid form.
The abbreviation is easy to decipher:
F is the first letter of the word children (filii); 1 - first generation.
Hybrids are obtained by crossing specially selected plants of different varieties. An F1 tomato hybrid occurs when you have two tomato plants of different varieties, and then one is pollinated with pollen from the other variety. The seeds of the resulting cross-pollinated tomato will produce plants that are F1 hybrids (first generation hybrid).
The descendants of F1 hybrids are F2. The descendants of F2 are F3 and so on. Hybrids are more productive and of higher quality than varieties, but retain their properties only in the first generation. There is no point in collecting seeds from hybrids. They do not repeat the original qualities, and most often grow up much worse than their parent pairs.
Hybridization requires protected soil and manual labor, so the cost of such seeds is higher than varieties.
To debunk a myth that we sometimes encounter, let us remind you that F1 hybrids are not genetically modified. These are completely natural plants, bred in the traditional way.
What is the advantage of hybrid tomatoes over varieties
By giving preference to hybrid forms of tomatoes, gardeners receive several advantages:
- the tomato yield is many times larger (this phenomenon is well known as hybrid energy);
- ripening time is reduced;
- fruits are one-dimensional, even in shape, color, weight;
- the pulp has a harmonious taste, a rich set of nutrients;
- plants get sick less often, do not suffer much from pests, and adapt well to weather conditions.
How to determine the best tomato varieties for planting
Rating the best tomatoes is not so easy. Indeed, today there are more than 7.5 thousand types of these vegetables, and every year there are more and more varieties and hybrids of tomatoes.
To understand which tomatoes are better, you first need to decide what requirements are put forward for tomatoes. For example, it could be ten:
- the earliest tomatoes;
- suitable for open ground;
- grown in greenhouses;
- characterized by unusual characteristics (non-standard color, shape, taste);
- new breeding developments in 2022, varieties proven over the years, and so on.
Attention! As a rule, farmers are most interested in the yield of a variety and the timing of fruit ripening.
What are the possible disadvantages of growing hybrid tomatoes?
When purchasing seeds of a favorite variety, an experienced gardener analyzes its characteristics at the end of the season: early ripeness, yield, taste, color, care features. If everything suits him, he selects high-quality ripe fruits and releases seeds from them. Next year you can use your own seeds. All varietal qualities are preserved.
In the case of F1 hybrids, seeds will have to be purchased annually; it makes no sense to purchase the hybrid form yourself. The second generation may unpleasantly surprise:
- the bushes will be of different heights;
- fruits may vary in color, shape, size;
- low yield;
- if the manufacturer doesn't release a given hybrid for whatever reason, you're stuck. Once the seed is gone, it's gone forever.
The most common varieties of indoor tomatoes
The following varieties of indoor tomatoes are suitable for growing on a windowsill:
- Balcony miracle - early-ripening, standard bushes up to 0.5 m tall. Produces sweet, red, small, round fruits. The plant tolerates light deficits well and is ideal for winter.
- Indoor surprise is characterized by early maturity. The height is up to half a meter, and the fruits are bright red and oblong. In cold weather they require additional light. You can buy 0.1 g for 16-25 rubles.
- Pinocchio is considered one of the best varieties for growing in pots. The height is up to 30 cm, and the weight of one fruit can reach 20 g. The yield from one bush is 1.5 kg. 20 pieces cost 12 rubles.
- Micron NK is a cherry variety that bears tomatoes up to 15 mm in size. This option is decorative and does not depend on the length of the day. Price 10 pcs - 13 rubles. Read this article on how to grow cherry tomatoes.
- Florida Petit is characterized by high fruiting. The height of the bush is up to 30 cm, and tomatoes grow weighing up to 40 g. 0.1 g - 15 rubles.
- Garden Pearl is an indoor tomato of the ampel type with a shoot length of up to 20-40 cm. It is distinguished by thin stems that can bear numerous fruits. Does not require pinching, and each bush produces up to 300 fruits. A 0.1 g sachet costs 12 rubles.
- Talisman - will give fruits up to 40 g in weight. They bear fruit abundantly and for a long time. 0.1 g - 12 rub.
- Japanese indoor tomato seeds of this variety were delivered by diplomats from the province of Tajima, Japan. From germination to fruiting - 110-120 days. The fruits grow up to 50 g. A package of 10 seeds costs 38 rubles.
Teeny Tim
A Dutch variety bred specifically for fruiting on the windowsill, regardless of the time of year. The height of the bush does not exceed 30-50 cm.
The tomatoes are round, moderately sour, red, weighing 12-15 g.
Ruby Red
Compact variety specially created for planting in containers. The bush is no more than 50 cm high.
The tomatoes are sweet, red, weighing 20-50 g each, collected in clusters.
Window Yellow
A new variety that forms a standard bush 25 cm high. Fruits profusely. Recommended for winter planting when grown on a windowsill.
Yellow tomatoes are round, weighing up to 30 g, collected in clusters.
Pygmy
The bush reaches only 30 cm. Feels good on windowsills in winter. One of the varieties that does not require light, it will produce a certain amount of fruit even in short day conditions.
Tomatoes are round, red, 25 g each.
Bonsai
The variety is designed specifically for growing on windowsills. Forms a squat branched bush up to 20-30 cm high, really similar to a bonsai.
The fruits are round, red, weighing up to 25 g. They cover the plant abundantly; about 1 kg can be collected per season.
Selection is like high fashion
“Selection is partly reminiscent of high fashion - couturier breeders fantasize and experiment, creating new, often very unusual varieties,” says agronomist Mikhail Vorobyov. — The goal is one - to attract the attention of buyers. Suffice it to remember that carrots were originally creamy yellow and purple. And only in the 17th century, thanks to the efforts of breeders, it acquired the usual orange color. When Europeans first saw the overseas tomato fruit, they called it pomo d'oro - “golden apple”. Not because the apples were expensive, but because of their golden yellow color. Only later were varieties of tomatoes with red, orange, pink, brown and even green (when ripe) fruits created.
New items with uncharacteristic shapes or colors appear regularly. Suffice it to recall white-fruited cucumbers (“White Angel”, “Blonde”), which are clearly visible among green foliage, watermelon with yellow flesh (“Moonlight”), round-shaped zucchini (“Tintoretto”), so convenient for stuffing and baking in a vertical position . The so-called “watermelon radish” with white skin and red flesh, and others.
Looking at such delights, consumers often have a question: is this GMO? There is no need to worry, these are ordinary varieties that breeders have worked hard on. As for transgenic plants, according to the presidential decree and government regulations, their cultivation on Russian territory is permitted only for scientific purposes.
Cherry varieties for open ground
Cherry tomatoes, of course, can also be grown in open ground. Experts recommend paying attention to the following varieties: Paints, Little Red Riding Hood, Strawberry, Shchelkovsky, Green Grapes, Honey Drop, Margol, Lukoshko on the Window, Vnuchenka, Cranberry in Sugar.
Paints
Variety resistant to various diseases. The fruits are not very large, yellow in color. The taste and smell are classic. It takes 100 days to mature after planting.
Little Red Riding Hood
The variety is not afraid of diseases typical for tomatoes, but is not immune to late blight. Suitable for the middle zone of the country. The fruits are bright red and have a distinct taste. They ripen on the 105th day after planting.
Strawberry
The variety is very highly valued by summer residents due to its ease of care and resistance to disease. You can use cherry tomatoes to decorate areas, but tomatoes are also suitable for salads.
Shchelkovsky
A very early variety, characterized by resistance to many diseases. Ideal for preservation. The fruits have a distinct red hue.
Green grapes
An exotic version of cherry that will appeal to people who want to decorate their area or treat themselves to an unusual snack. The fruits are green in color but sweet in taste. Their flesh is dense. It takes 180 days to mature after planting.
Honey drop
Gardeners like it due to the interesting shape of the fruit, resembling a drop. The bush can reach a height of 2 meters. It takes 110 days to mature after planting.
Margol
A very beautiful variety, the bunch of which resembles those of grapes. The fruits are preserved whole. It takes about 110 days for the crop to ripen.
Basket on the window
A low-growing option that is ideal for open ground. Some gardeners grow tomatoes in the window. The ripening of tomatoes is uniform; up to 10 of them are formed in one bunch. The weight of one vegetable is 30 grams.
Granddaughter
The vegetables are very tasty, weighing a maximum of 20 grams, although some specimens reach 50 grams. There is no need to tie up the bush.
Cranberries in sugar
Decorative variant of early ripening tomato. Tomatoes have a distinct red tint and are light in weight, up to 20 grams. The plant is able to adapt to poor environmental conditions.
Malachite box - a curiosity among tomatoes
The Malachite Box variety will also delight you with its excellent taste. This recently appeared variety of green tomatoes quickly won the hearts of gardeners. The plant belongs to the indeterminate type. Reaches a height of 1.5-2 meters.
The malachite box can be grown both in a greenhouse and in open ground. The skin of the fruit is thin, has a yellow-green striped color, and the pulp is very juicy, vaguely reminiscent of kiwi in taste.
The best varieties of tomatoes for a polycarbonate greenhouse
Grozdevoy F1
The list of the best tomato varieties for a polycarbonate greenhouse opens with a high-yielding (19.1 kg/sq.m.) hybrid that ripens in 103 days. Needs gartering and removal of shoots, but is resistant to drought and cold, as well as frequent tomato diseases.
Octopus Cream F1
One of the sweetest varieties of tomatoes, it also has excellent yield (10 kg per sq.m.), requires additional feeding and regular watering. It produces a harvest from the beginning of summer until the first frost, and can withstand transportation over long distances. Universal - even for salads, even for canning.
Aztec
This is one of the best varieties of low-growing tomatoes for a greenhouse, balcony and even windowsill. The fruits are small, yellow, very sweet. This variety is undemanding to care, which is why novice gardeners love it. Withstands cold, bears fruit until frost.
Watercolor
This mid-season variety is resistant to cracking and has good resistance to blossom end rot. The pulp is dense, juicy, fruit weight is up to 100 grams.
Rugantino F1
Among the best tomato varieties of 2022, few can compare with Rugantino in size and yield (up to 20 kg per sq.m in a greenhouse). Each cluster contains 5-8 fruits, the weight of the fruit reaches 200 grams. These hybrids ripen well, are stored for a long time and are excellent for canning, tomato paste and salads, and taste no worse than varietal varieties.
How to navigate new tomato varieties for 2022?
First you need to understand that they can be varietal or hybrids. The main difference is that the latter do not inherit the original characteristics in their seeds. That is, if the tomato fruits of a hybrid are huge and early ripe, then tomatoes grown from their seeds may turn out to be small.
It is easy to distinguish a hybrid from a variety by the label. Hybrid names always have the prefix F1. Therefore, customers are already notified in the store whether they will be able to independently collect seeds from ripe tomatoes.
The next characteristic of the tomato variety for 2022 is the growing method. The label must contain a message about the method of cultivation: in open ground or tomatoes can only be planted in a closed greenhouse.
The third parameter that is required for choosing the best tomato variety 2022 is the ripening time of its fruits. It is worth noting that the information on the package with seeds about the number of days required to achieve ripeness of tomatoes is very conditional. After all, it does not take into account the characteristics of the growing region and weather conditions.
And yet, tomatoes can ripen 80 days after germination; such varieties are called ultra early. Further on, with an interval of five days, are early-ripening and mid-early varieties.
Next come those that definitely need to be grown through seedlings. After all, in most of Russia, a short summer is not enough for fruits to ripen. Mid-season varieties produce a harvest in 95 days. The average late ones will need 110 days, and the late ones will need more than 120 days.
Many gardeners believe that the best tomato varieties for 2022 also differ in plant height. The smallest ones are those that are marked standard. They will grow a maximum of 50 centimeters.
Standard tomatoes
short
Among the productive low-growing varieties of tomatoes, the most popular are the following: Siberian date, Demidov, Bulat, Moskvich, Zemlyak, Lyana, Labrador, Golden Fleece, Mongolian dwarf, Miracle Lazy.
Siberian date
The height of the bush in open ground reaches 70 cm. The variety is early ripening and produces small red fruits in the shape of a plum. The yield is 4-5 kg per 1 sq. m.
Demidov
The height of the bush reaches 60-65 cm. The weight of the fruit is 200-220 grams, the tomatoes are juicy, fleshy with rich pink skin. The variety is resistant to diseases and pests and is easy to care for. Reproduction is possible using self-collected seeds.
Bulat
The bush reaches a height of 70-80 cm. The fruits have a glossy surface that is prone to cracking. The productivity of tomatoes is 16 kg per 1 sq. m. The variety is resistant to diseases, and the fruits tolerate transportation well.
Early ripening universal tomatoes
Fighter
Ultra-early ripening varieties of tomatoes for open ground are very popular. An example of this is the Fighter variety. Standard bushes do not grow higher than 40 centimeters. Care is very simple: tying up, removing shoots, and no need to fertilize the crop often. The fruits are red, round or slightly elongated, weigh 180-190 grams. Can be grown in greenhouses or greenhouses. The fruits are universal: they can be added to hot dishes, used to make salads, sauces and juices.
Highlight
This little one is a frost-resistant early variety. The fruits can weigh about 100 grams, although the bush rarely grows above 45 centimeters. The highlight is a very unpretentious variety. It tolerates partial shade and is resistant to many viral and bacterial diseases. The fruits are heart-shaped and pink, juicy and sweet.
Sanka
Ultra early. Ripening time – 75 days approx. The fruits are red, round, tender, juicy and aromatic. They weigh about 80-90 grams. Due to its small size, it is suitable for whole-fruit canning; due to the acidity in the tomato composition, the rolls never “explode”.
Semko F1
An extremely resistant hybrid variety to unfavorable conditions. It survives heat, drought, short-term cold snaps well, and is resistant to many diseases of Solanaceae. Thanks to its unpretentiousness, you can consistently get 10-11 kilograms of berries from a bush. The fruits are round, weigh on average 140 grams, the delicate skin is colored deep red. The bush can grow up to a meter, the harvest will ripen in 90-100 days.
Tall tomatoes
Let's start with the impressive varieties that are always noticeable in the garden - those that have a tall stem that grows indefinitely. Such varieties require special care and formation, but in return you get a good harvest.
Important! Young gardeners often avoid tall varieties of tomatoes due to difficult care. In fact, in vain. Formation means leaving 1-3 stepsons; gartering is done using improvised means.
Tarasenko 2
An excellent tomato for those who want to get a harvest for themselves and for sale. Tomatoes are stored for a long time, are easily transported, one bunch can produce more than 30 fruits. Their weight is 50-60 grams, color is red-orange.
De Barao
One of the most popular and proven varieties. It has a fruit weight of more than 500 grams. One bush can produce a harvest of more than 5-6 kg. There are different colors of the variety, the pulp is juicy, fleshy, and can be grown in most regions.
Wonder of the world
This is truly a miracle, not a tomato. It resembles a lemon, with the crop hanging all over the stem. Tomatoes are compact in size, tasty and great for marinades and canning in general.
Specifics of greenhouse tomatoes
According to experts, it is hybrid varieties of tomatoes that grow well in greenhouses. When crossed, they adapt in advance to greenhouse conditions, so in the future they bring breeders an excellent harvest.
The advantage of such tomatoes is their fast ripening period and low likelihood of disease occurrence.
In greenhouse conditions, sudden temperature changes occur. During the day it is very hot in a closed space. It's cold at night. It is hybrid varieties that are able to bear fruit in conditions that are not the most favorable for plants.
The most productive varieties are those that grow up to two meters in height. They are much more difficult to care for than low shrubs. But, nevertheless, tall crops bring twice as much yield.
Features of planting tall tomatoes
Varieties of self-pollinating tomatoes
All self-pollinating tomato varieties for greenhouses are divided into types depending on specific parameters. In each category you can choose the best and most productive varieties. Based on the type of stem, indeterminates and determinants are distinguished. The former grow unlimitedly, require pinching, and have large and medium-sized fruits. These are varieties such as Scarlet Mustang, Honey Spas, Donna Rosa. Determinants ripen quickly and en masse on a short stem. Among the famous varieties are Pink Honey, Riddle, Eleanor.
Based on fruit size, self-pollinating varieties are divided into (for example, tomato seeds for a greenhouse):
- large-fruited - Mikado, Cardinal, Chernomor;
- medium-fruited - Aladdin's Lamp, Diamond;
- small or pickling (weight up to 60 g) - Sugar plum, Cherry, Caspar;
- a separate category is cherry tomatoes.
According to the speed of ripening, self-pollinating tomatoes are ultra-early (Amber, Joy of Summer), early (Lina, Typhoon) and late (Black Prince, De Barao). When choosing a variety, it is important to consider the area of the plot, the purpose of cultivation and the availability of time for care.
Caring for tomatoes that pollinate themselves
Tomatoes with self-pollinating characteristics, created for open ground or a greenhouse, require standard care. It differs little from caring for ordinary tomatoes.
- Provide constant high-quality watering with warm water.
- Ventilate greenhouses to regulate humidity levels.
- Remove weeds, loosen the soil, mulch.
- Fertilizer application according to schedule.
If self-pollination is weak, you can help the tomatoes artificially. You can use a brush to gently transfer the pollen yourself to the pistil of the flower. Or blow with a fan and shake the branches well. Attract butterflies, bees, wasps to the garden. They are valuable helpers.
There are quite a lot of tomato varieties with natural self-pollination. Among this diversity, every summer resident will be able to choose something for himself in accordance with his capabilities, conditions and needs. Have a good harvest!
Growing
Sowing seeds for seedlings must be done 55-60 days before planting in the ground. The distance between bushes should be 50 centimeters, and between rows - 40 centimeters . There should be no more than three to four plants per square meter of soil. These tomatoes were included in the State Register of the Russian Federation for cultivation in the Central Black Earth, Middle Volga, North Caucasus and Far Eastern regions. They are also common in Ukraine and Moldova.
Plants need pinching and staking, and they need to be formed into 3-4 stems. Caring for these tomatoes consists of watering, weeding and loosening the soil, as well as applying mineral fertilizers.
What to look for when choosing seeds?
Most often, buyers pay attention to a beautiful picture of the harvest or to the seeds that the seller recommends. Often it is precisely such purchases that end unsuccessfully: the tomatoes turn out to be of the wrong variety or do not come out at all. The second problem can be avoided by purchasing seeds from reliable suppliers, but choosing a variety will be more successful if you study all the necessary information in advance.
The choice of tomato variety largely depends on personal liking for the type of vegetable. But in order for the harvest to be exactly as the manufacturer promises, it is worth paying attention to other qualities that determine good fertility:
- correct climate;
- frost resistance;
- taste qualities;
- productivity;
- resistance to diseases.
When choosing tomato seeds, you need to determine for yourself the purpose of the crop, because different varieties of vegetables are used for specific purposes: for salads, pickling, sale, etc. If you look at any forum of experienced gardeners, they will say that the purpose of the crop plays an important role in choosing the right one. planting material.
Bush type and tomato size
The best varieties of tomatoes are those plants whose bush size reaches several meters. Such tomatoes have a long fruiting period, which increases the yield. Since the plant requires much more space than low-growing bushes, they are planted 2-3 seedlings per square meter.
In order for the bush to grow with one tall stem, stepsons with a length of 6–8 cm must be constantly removed. Such simple manipulations make it possible to preserve the bush’s strength to grow upward and remove unproductive stepsons.
The best varieties of tall tomatoes are “Honey Spas”, “Scarlet Mustang”, “Midas”, “Pink Tsar”.
The advantage of tall tomatoes does not mean that low-growing plants should be abandoned. There are many varieties of vegetables that, despite their short stems, have good yields. These groups include the following varieties: “Riddle”, “Chaika”, “Mit”, “Asteroid”, “Ballerina”, “Eleanor”.
Large tomatoes grown in greenhouses produce a fairly good harvest. Among the most popular varieties are “Cardinal”, “Mikado”, “Eagle Heart”, “World Record Holder”, “Orange Miracle”, “King of London”, “Chernomor”. These tomatoes are very juicy and sweet. Most often they are used for preparing salads and making juice.
Medium varieties of greenhouse tomatoes are most often used for twisting and pickling, as they are the same size and look very nice in a jar. This group includes the following varieties: “Slivovka”, “Kaspar”, “Yelochka”, “Legend”, “Italy”, “Yellow Drop”, “Cherry”, “Countryman”.
Small varieties of tomatoes are more attractive to housewives for twists and pickles. It looks beautiful and can always be placed on a holiday table. These tomatoes include popular varieties: “Bonsai”, “F 1 Zelenushka”, “Marishka”, “F 1 Golden Bead”, “F 1 Red Cherry”.
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Ripening time and taste of fruits
Tomato varieties for greenhouses have different ripening periods, which you should pay attention to when choosing seeds. It is this factor that many gardeners focus on when they want to get an early harvest. These varieties include: “Typhoon”, “Semko”, “Druzhok”. Each of these plants produces ripe vegetables 20–30 days earlier than other tomato varieties. It is worth knowing that early ripening tomatoes are hybrids.
The taste of the tomato also plays an important role when choosing plants for the greenhouse. Some people like sweet tomatoes, while others like them sour.
If tomatoes are chosen for making salads or wraps, you need to choose a universal tomato variety that will be ideal in any form. For example, “Friend”, “Sultan”, “Verilioka”.
Many gardeners buy tomatoes of the Black Prince, Pink Giant or De Barao varieties for the greenhouse. These fruits are large in size and have a pleasant taste.
Environmental resistance
Any greenhouse will experience fluctuations in temperature or lighting. In this case, you should approach the choice of tomato seeds much more seriously than plants that are grown in the garden. Tomatoes must have high resistance not only to temperature or light, but also to diseases. The best resistant varieties are “Yarilo”, “Druzhok”, “Soyuz 3”, “Gina”, “Blagovest”. All these hybrid plants survive even in extreme conditions and produce a good harvest.
Description and characteristics of the variety
The New Transnistria tomato is a determinate plant, its height is about 60-80 cm. The stem stops growing, having acquired about 5 tassels. The inflorescence is simple, the first flower cluster, which contains 5-6 flowers, develops over 6-7 leaves, new ones grow at intervals of 1-2 leaves.
The ripening period is mid-early - 104-130 days from sprout pipping to the first harvest. Characteristics and description of the fruits: at the ripe stage they are red in color, their sizes are medium, closer to small – 50-90 grams. The shape is elongated, oval, sometimes with a small spout. There are 2 seed chambers inside. The fruits contain from 4.7% to 5.9% dry matter.
The pulp is pleasant to the taste and juicy. Tomatoes are used for canning and pickling; they look good in jars. They are also eaten fresh, prepared into pastes and juices, and added to vegetable dishes.
The variety is suitable for industrial cultivation; the fruits can be harvested mechanically and are well stored.
Basic growing tips
Tomatoes from the Siberian collection do not need special care, just like other plants, they need to be watered on time and fertilized with mineral compounds. Tall bushes must be tied up; side shoots must be pinched so that the bush is formed correctly. As a result, productivity increases significantly. We must not forget to inspect the plant for the presence of pests and diseases, and take urgent measures if necessary. Monitor the condition of the soil, humidity in the greenhouse and pollination of flowers.
Before planting tomatoes from the Siberian collection in open ground, you must keep in mind that they will be able to grow and bear fruit well if they are well lit and the air temperature is high enough. Most of these varieties cannot tolerate even slight frosts; when the temperature drops to plus 15°C, the tomatoes will stop blooming, and if it drops even lower, growth will slow down.
Breeders have developed the newest varieties that are able to withstand cold temperatures of minus 1°C-2°C. Tomatoes whose seeds and seedlings have been hardened are endowed with such resistance. For planting, it is recommended to select areas with fertile soil. Swampy and saline lands are not suitable. In autumn, the plots are dug up to a depth of 25-30 cm, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are applied. In the spring, when holes are made, they are filled with:
- 8 g superphosphate;
- 3 g of potassium salt and ammonium nitrate;
- 500 g of humus.
Seeds collected from ripe tomatoes can be planted next year. The varieties of the Siberian collection consistently produce good harvests in harsh climatic conditions, which is why they are increasingly gaining popularity. In addition, all tomatoes have excellent taste. Before you start sowing, you should look at the photos with descriptions. This will help you choose suitable varieties for planting in open ground and greenhouses. Each of them is good in its own way.
Diseases and pests
The main diseases of tomatoes are stolbur, streak, macrosporiosis, late blight, septoria, blossom end rot. Pests – mole crickets, cutworms, wireworms, whiteflies, root-knot nematodes, garden slugs. The following changes should alert you:
- The color of leaves, stems, and fruits is observed due to a lack of nutrients.
- Foliage turning inward is an indicator of phosphorus deficiency.
- Curly green parts of plants indicate potassium deficiency.
- Yellow spots appear due to calcium deficiency.
- The pale green color of the leaves indicates sulfur starvation.
- The stem turns black as a result of a lack of boron.
Have your tomatoes stopped growing at all? This means they lack iron. Also, a complete stop of growth indicates serious pest damage. Sick plants must be treated with appropriate compounds and isolated.
Features of winter cultivation
The main conditions for successful winter growing of tomatoes are their high-quality lighting and adequate heating.
For winter illumination of greenhouses, fluorescent lamps are used - they contain in their spectrum the blue color necessary for the normal growth of tomatoes. Also, such lamps practically do not heat up and consume energy economically.
You also need to take care of heating for the greenhouse. To do this, you can use infrared heaters, air, cable systems or conventional stove heating.
Another option is sodium lamps. Those vegetable growers who plan to grow tomatoes for sale in the winter must create an optimal microclimate - it assumes the absence of sudden temperature changes and healthy humidity.
