A garden plot with fruit trees is a perennial monoculture, which requires care as follows: proper soil treatment; feed and prune apple trees; Use pesticides wisely. Thanks to these agricultural techniques, the tree will grow and develop well, and its immunity to disease and resistance to harmful insects will also increase. A set of agrotechnical procedures will allow you to get 100% generous yields with less spending on prevention, while reducing the negative impact on the environment. In this article we will consider the Oryol Pioneer apple tree.
What type does it belong to?
"Orlovsky Pioneer" is a summer variety of apples. The fruits look very attractive. By mid-August they will be fully ripe and filled with juice. Ripe apples hold tightly to the stalks and do not fall off. The collected fruits are stored for a long time .
Optimal storage conditions are darkness and cold.
The best option for apples of this variety is storage in wooden boxes in the cellar. If all standards are followed, apples can retain their quality until December.
The Oryol Pioneer apple tree variety is one of those apple trees that are pollinated by insects .
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From varietal tomatoes you can get “your own” seeds for sowing next year (if you really like the variety). But it is useless to do this with hybrids: you will get seeds, but they will carry the hereditary material not of the plant from which they were taken, but of its numerous “ancestors”.
Description of the variety Orlovsky Pioneer
Many gardeners, looking at an apple tree seedling, can immediately determine its place in the garden composition. Appearance plays a major role in this.
Apple trees of this variety are not tall. The crown is round and quite dense. The main fruiting branches are very wide, located almost parallel to the ground. As the apple tree ages, the branches move upward.
The shoots are thick, pubescent, brown. The leaves are small, oval-shaped, dark green. The leaf blade is slightly bent in the center, the edges of the plate are serrated.
The inflorescences are medium in size, white with a pinkish tint.
Apples of the Oryol Pioneer variety are medium-sized. The weight of a mature fruit is 120 grams. The apple itself is green, with a pink blush.
The fruit is strongly flattened with pronounced ribs. The skin is medium thick, smooth to the touch. The funnel is deep and narrow, the saucer is small.
Seeds are oval-shaped, medium size. Seed chambers are closed type. The pulp of the fruit is quite dense, juicy, and sweet and sour in taste.
Reviews
Ulyana, Moscow region. Advantages: bear fruit abundantly, tasty fruits.
Disadvantages: none.
I spent a long time looking on the Internet for photos and descriptions of the Orlovsky Pioneer variety. I bought it and planted it in my dacha. By the 5th year, the first apples have already appeared, very tasty and juicy, they can be collected at the end of summer. My whole family loves them.
I like that this variety bears fruit every year, so we always have a harvest. We collect carrion in August and autumn and make delicious dried meat out of it. We store the fruits in the basement, so that we are provided with vitamins until the start of winter. The apples lie well, do not wrinkle and do not lose their taste and shape.
I not only love them fresh, but I also make jam and marmalade. Delicious. I recommend this variety to everyone. In winter we make compotes from these apples.
Sergey, Bryansk. Oryol Pioneer is my favorite apple variety. Advantages: easy to care for, disease resistant.
Disadvantages: none.
In the spring I bought a seedling of Oryol pioneer. I got it from a nursery because they won’t cheat with the variety there. I remember these apples from childhood, tasty, juicy, with a slight sourness. I already have one tree growing on my property, but it’s old, so I decided to plant it as a replacement.
I am an amateur gardener myself, I read all the care recommendations and follow them. So my trees grow healthy and the harvest is excellent. Last year the tree produced 45 kg of apples. I also like the fact that the variety bears fruit every year, does not take breaks and produces a stable harvest.
It is convenient to pick apples, since the tree is not too large and has a properly formed crown. I'm glad it's resistant to scab, so there's no need to spray it with chemicals.
Alexander, Ryazan. Excellent apples, always a good harvest. Advantages: easy to care for, disease resistant.
Disadvantages: none.
I have a whole garden of these trees at my dacha. They produce a bountiful harvest, enough for my family, and I sell them at the market. People love them. The variety is old, so many people remember the taste of these apples from childhood. Juicy, sweet and sour, they store well and delight you with their taste until winter. I myself graft this variety onto less valuable varieties of apple trees.
These trees grow quickly and begin to produce crops in the 6th year. And they provide good shade, and there is a place to relax in the garden. If there is a lot of carrion on the ground, we dry it so that nothing goes to waste. These apple trees are unpretentious in care, so they can be safely planted in the country, they rarely get sick, and produce a harvest every year.
Photo
A visual description of the Oryol Pioneer apple tree in the photo:
Advantages and disadvantages of the variety
The Orlovsky Pioneer variety has numerous positive qualities, which are much more numerous than the negative aspects. Let's take a closer look at the advantages and disadvantages of this variety:
- Immune to four of the five existing scab races: no special treatment required - an important factor in saving your budget and time required for garden care.
- The amazing marketability and good taste of the fruit make the variety especially attractive to the end consumer.
- Early ripening: appetizing fruits finally ripen early and quite quickly. With proper care, by the second ten days of August, removable maturity begins and each tree can produce about 75 kg of delicious apples.
- Confidently stable and high yield every year with appropriate care: 230 c/ha - on average, 494 c/ha - maximum. This quality allows the trees to be used both in private gardens and in industrial production.
- The winter hardiness, frost resistance and regenerative ability of trees are very high for apple trees. Frost resistance zone 4 is quite sufficient for growing in most of Russia and even the northern regions of Scandinavia.
Of the significant disadvantages of the variety in question, experts usually note only one: crushing of fruits in case of excess harvest. This happens when the tree is not trimmed properly. Overloading a tree with harvest reduces the quality of the fruit the following year.
History of selection
The variety was bred at the All-Russian Research Institute for Breeding Fruit Crops in 1976. The variety was developed by E.N. Sedov and Z.M. Serova.
To obtain a new variety, scientists used the hybridization method developed by I.V. Michurin.
Antonovka red-barrel and hybrid SR 0523 were selected as the basis for this variety. 20 mother trees of the Antonovka red-barrel variety were selected for the experiment.
At the first stage of the experiment, the maternal variety acted as a pollinator; at the second stage, the paternal variety was the pollinator.
The first part of the experiment was successful, and the breeders decided to select seeds from 12 apple trees for further planting. Before planting, the seeds were stratified, which increased their germination rate.
After planting, further care of the new variety was carried out according to the method of a mentor (educator).
The Vm gene was added to the new variety, which allowed it to develop good resistance to scab.
Characteristics of the variety
The advantages of the variety are:
- immunity to scab;
-
tastes frost tested - fruits ripen early;
- abundant yield;
- excellent appearance of the fruit.
The disadvantages of wood include:
- strong resistance to scab disease weakens over the years;
- short shelf life of apples - from 35 to 45 days.
Taste
on average - about 5 m. They grow quickly. The crown is round in shape, of medium density. The bark on the tree is light brown. The leaves are light green, oval in shape. Plate l
Productivity
The weaves are large in size, white or light pink, round. The fruits grow medium in size, weighing up to 120-170 g. They have light ribbing and smooth skin. The shape of the fruit is conical with a slight bevel, subcutaneous
Pollinators
e noticeable. The color of the fruit is light green or pale yellow with a faint blush and bright crimson stripes. The pulp is creamy.
Taste
The tasting commission rates the taste of apples at 4.5 points. The pulp is sweet and sour, crispy, rich and juicy. Has an islandy aftertaste.
Content of sugars – 10.2%, titratable acids – 0.77%, ascorbic acid – 8.8%, P-active substances – 250 mg per 100 g, pectins – 12.2%.
Productivity
The apple tree is early-fruiting - young trees bear fruit from the age of 3-4 years and are distinguished by regularity in this process. Ten-year-old Orlovim apple trees produce 60-80 kg each, older ones - about 100 kg, sometimes more. Over time, the yield increases.
From 1 ha
Pollinators
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Growing regions
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Region of natural growth
In nature, this variety is widespread in central Russia. But it is also quite common in Ukraine and Belarus, as it adapts well to changes in natural conditions.
To quickly adapt the variety to growth in cold conditions, you need to fertilize the tree with organic fertilizers.
Frozen soils, as a rule, are poor in nutrients, so it is important to fertilize the young seedling 2 times a year.
For the winter, the trunk of the apple tree needs to be wrapped, and the ground around it needs to be insulated with leaves.
When growing a variety in drought conditions, the apple tree needs abundant watering . The apple tree absorbs nutrients through the root system in dissolved form, so it is very important that the soil is moist and loose.
Young apple trees need to be watered 2 times a week, and in very dry periods as the soil dries out.
Agrotechnical techniques
Attention! In the first 2-3 years after applying fertilizer to the seedling, trees should not be fertilized. Subsequently, ammonium nitrate (10-20 g/m2) is added every spring. In June, nitrogen is added in liquid form by diluting 30-40 g of ammonium nitrate in 10 liters of water.
From the second half of summer, phosphorus-potassium fertilizers at a rate of 2-3 cups of ash per m2.
In autumn, it is better to place organic fertilizers at a rate of 2-4 kg/m2
For old trees with a developed root system, in the fall, grooves are dug around the crown 20-30 cm wide and 40 cm deep. Humus (1 bucket), superphosphate (50 g), potassium sulfate (30 g) is added there and the groove is covered with earth.
In spring and early summer, add ammonium nitrate by pouring the solution into the grooves (30-40 g of nitrate per 10 liters of water).
Watch the video for an expert’s opinion on how and with what to fertilize apple trees:
Productivity
Oryol Pioneer apple trees are high-yielding varieties.
The first fruits on the apple tree will appear already 6 years after planting. With proper care, one apple tree can produce up to 75 kilograms of apples.
The weight of a ripe fruit is approximately 120 grams.
The harvest period is in August. Picked fruits are stored quite well.
Apple trees of this variety bear fruit once a year.
Ripe fruits do not fall off, this allows you to increase the harvesting period.
Apple tree pruning
When to prune an apple tree
Caring for an apple tree involves the formation of a tree crown, work on which is carried out annually. Proper formation of an apple tree stimulates earlier ripening of the tree to bear fruit, large yields, long life and good winter hardiness. Tree pruning is carried out in spring and autumn. Apple trees are not pruned in the summer, because at this time the juice circulates inside the plant with maximum force. The first pruning of an apple tree seedling is carried out in early spring, before the start of sap flow, a year after planting.
How to prune an apple tree
Young thin branches are cut with pruning shears; thicker ones have to be cut down. Pruning tools must be sharp, otherwise you risk tearing the bark and wood, and the wound will take longer to heal. Sections of branches are treated with garden varnish, having previously been disinfected with a solution of copper sulfate and lime in a ratio of 1:10, but you should know that an old, dry apple tree branch is treated with varnish immediately, and a young one - only after a day.
After you have shortened the main shoot during planting, the young apple tree is not pruned for two or three years; only dry and broken shoots are removed. Then, when the apple tree has acquired a sufficient number of branches, they are shortened by an average of two-thirds of the length, while the buds on the remaining branches should not look deep into the crown. Leave those branches whose buds are on the outside, remove the rest so that they do not thicken the crown.
Pruning an apple tree in spring
In the spring, the gardener’s task is to prepare the trees for the growing season. An apple tree in the spring needs sanitary and formative pruning: it is necessary to thin out the crown in order to saturate it with sunlight and air, cut off the ends of branches frozen during the winter, and remove diseased and broken shoots. In addition, spring pruning is good because at this time all wounds on the tree heal faster.
Remove branches growing inside the crown, as well as shoots running parallel to the growing branch. Branches that are touching or intertwined should be pruned, and if you need to choose between them, preference is given to the younger one. All knots located on the trunk or at the base of branches, as well as broken or cracked branches must be removed.
The crown of the apple tree is formed before the age of five, and if you did everything correctly, then by this time half of the branches on the tree will be mature and ready to begin bearing fruit. A five-year-old apple tree with a properly formed crown no longer needs supports.
Pruning an apple tree in autumn
The apple tree in August is still full of circulating sap, but in September, October and November it can already be pruned if severe frosts are not predicted in the near future. Autumn pruning of young apple trees involves slightly shortening the shoots that have grown over the summer. To stimulate active fruiting, trees older than five years are given medium pruning, shortening strong shoots by a third of their length.
If annual growth is weak, severe pruning is needed. Strong growth is an increase in the length of branches per season to 70-100 cm, average growth - up to 30-70 cm, weak growth - less than 30 cm. Pruning an apple tree in the fall also involves removing all dry, too weak, broken shoots growing inside the crown, as well as those that extend from a skeletal branch or from the trunk at an acute angle.
If you need to remove the entire branch, cut it first to the first bud from the trunk, and then use a fine-toothed saw to saw off the remaining stump from the base towards the top - not vice versa, and treat the resulting cut with garden varnish. Try to choose a dry, windless, cloudy day for pruning, or even better, refer to the lunar calendar, which will tell you which day is favorable for a particular type of gardening work.
Planting and care
The apple tree requires comprehensive care. We will consider methods of proper planting and care in more detail.
First of all, you need to choose the time and place to plant the apple tree. The best time for planting will be from the end of March to mid-April. The Oryol Pioneer apple tree is ideally suited to a well-lit, open place. It is better to plant apple trees in groups.
For a seedling, you need to prepare a hole no more than 70 cm deep and 1 meter wide. Apple trees should be planted at a distance of 4-5 meters from each other. After planting, the apple tree must be watered abundantly, this will allow the soil to more tightly envelop the roots.
The main feature of caring for this variety of apple trees is that the tree requires regular pruning. If you skip this stage of care, the level of fruiting of the apple tree will be halved.
General care measures:
- In spring: inspect the tree, trim branches and treat wounds.
- In summer: loosening and cleaning the soil around the tree, regular watering and pest control.
- In autumn: whitewashing the trunk, feeding the tree and wrapping the apple tree.
Pruning and crown formation
The first pruning of the seedling must be done in the spring.
Formation of a trunk
To form a trunk at a height of 40 - 60 cm, you should find a well-developed bud , which will give the first skeletal branch, remove the lower buds.
We measure up another 30 - 40 cm, determine the developed bud directed in the other direction, and save it.
Then we measure the next 30 - 40 cm and select the third bud. Its direction should be different from the first two. We remove excess buds.
Formation of an apple tree trunk.
Important! Next spring, the central conductor is formed. It should be 15-20 cm higher than the main branches.
During further pruning to form skeletal branches, buds directed in different directions are left every 30–40 cm. The formed crown of the tree can contain 7–6 skeletal branches. The growth of an apple tree is limited to a height of 3 - 3.5 m.
Watch the video on how to properly form an apple tree:
Trimming
Supportive
For an adult apple tree, maintenance pruning is necessary , and over the years, thinning of the crown.
To do this, perennial branches are completely or partially removed, which promotes good growth of neighboring lateral branches.
This is the cut:
- Makes the crown compact;
- Increases tree resistance to disease;
- Increases the yield and quality of apples.
Rejuvenating
3-4 year old branches of old trees are pruned . The cut site is treated with garden varnish.
Anti-aging pruning.
After pruning, apple trees weaken , so they need good care:
- Watering;
- Applying fertilizers;
- Loosening.
Watch a video about anti-aging pruning of apple trees:
Diseases and pests
Apple trees of the Oryol Pioneer variety have the Vm gene, which determines their good resistance to fungal diseases . However, there are those diseases that arise due to human fault.
These include:
Bacterial burn
This disease occurs due to improper care of the apple tree. The main preventive measure is disinfection. To prevent this disease, it is necessary to disinfect the soil with a solution of copper sulfate.
If the apple tree has already been exposed to the disease, then the main control measure is treatment with Hom.
Black cancer
Occurs due to sudden temperature changes or improper care. Preventive measures include the application of potash fertilizers and pest control. If it was not possible to save the tree, then you need to trim the damaged branches, disinfect and heal the wounds.
Finding pests on an apple tree is very unpleasant, since it is quite difficult to fight them.
Basic measures to combat parasites:
- Green aphid. In order to defeat aphids on an apple tree, you need to treat the tree with a solution of laundry soap.
- Psyllad. In the event of an invasion of this insect, the apple tree must be sprayed with a solution of karbofos.
- Apple moth. A solution of karbofos works well against moths on apple trees.
- Leaf roller. One of the most effective control measures is spraying the apple tree with a nitrophen solution.
- Apple codling moth. To destroy this pest, treating the apple tree with a chlorophos solution is ideal.
To summarize, we can conclude that apple trees of the Oryol Pioneer variety are very often chosen for growing in households. It is for these qualities that this variety has recently also gained popularity among industrial gardeners.
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