Kandil apples in Crimean Gardens are the most delicious variety! Check it out!

"Kandil-sinap"

- an indigenous Crimean variety of domestic apple tree from the Sinap group, ripening in autumn.

Description of the variety [edit | edit code ]

The trees are vigorous, relatively slow growing, the crown is narrow pyramidal, planting in places protected from the wind is recommended. Fruiting on numerous complex ringlets, spears and fruit twigs.

The shoots are thin, straight, reddish-brown, medium pubescent, the lentils are sparse and small. The length of the internodes is average.

The leaves are small and medium-sized, elongated oval, obovate, gray-green, medium pubescent, with a medium or long, narrow, sharply pointed tip and a pointed, often wedge-shaped base, folded in a “boat”. The edges are wavy and finely serrated. Petioles are short and medium-sized, weakly colored at the base. Stipules are medium in size, rather narrow, long, lanceolate.

The fruits are large or medium in size, elongated-cylindrical in shape, with a slightly conical top and base, even, smooth, weighing 120-140 g. The peduncle is thin, 12-15 mm long. The saucer is small, very slightly ribbed, folded. The calyx is closed. The funnel is narrow, of medium depth, without rust. The main color is pale yellow, with numerous green subcutaneous dots and a bright red, blurry blush on the sunny side. The seed chambers are elongated, closed or slightly open. The seed nest is medium, centrally located. The pulp is yellowish-white, tender, juicy, with an excellent sweet and sour taste.

The seeds are small, narrow, elongated. The heart is medium, elongated heart-shaped or bulbous [1].

The first fruits appear in the 15th year after planting, bear fruit once every 2-3 years, the fruits are delicate and require careful handling during harvesting and transportation: each apple was wrapped in paper, each row (no more than 4) was layered with thin shavings [ source not specified 2106 days

] .

In adulthood, fruiting is abundant - 200-300 kg per tree, and, according to the famous pomologist Lev Simirenko, in 1883 in the Crimea, a harvest of 87 pounds (1392 kg) was recorded from one tree [2].

Main characteristics of an apple tree

The parameters (crown size, height) of any fruit tree depend on the characteristics inherent in the variety and the degree of cultivation of the soil. The more fertile its composition, the more powerful the root system and crown.

Appearance

The height of the tree directly depends on the type of rootstock. In the classic version, Sinap Orlovsky is grown on semi-dwarf rootstocks. From such seedlings 4-5-meter apple trees grow. The use of vigorous rootstocks allows you to grow taller apple trees (from 5 to 6 meters).

The tallest trees (7 m) are grown from seedlings on clonal rootstocks. In areas with high groundwater levels, Sinap seedlings are planted on dwarf rootstocks. Trees grow from 2.5 to 3 m.

Productivity

Even old apple trees bear fruit annually. Yields are above average. Good care allows you to get from 130 to 170 kg of fruit from one tall apple tree. The yield of medium-sized apple trees is lower - 70 kg.

Taste qualities of fruits

The score for the taste of Sinap apple trees is 4.3-4.7. Apples should not be consumed immediately after harvesting; they must reach consumer ripeness for at least 1 month. At this time they acquire characteristic sweetness, softness, and juiciness.

The pulp of ripe Sinap apples contains about 9.5% sugars. The fruits are ideal for dietary nutrition: 100 g of pulp contains only 50 kilocalories.

Apples that have reached consumer ripeness have a rich, balanced sweet and sour taste.

Frost resistance

VNIISPK employees from the laboratory of resistance physiology conducted research to study the resistance of shoot and bud tissue to low temperatures. The conditions were simulated artificially. Of all the varieties, Orlovsky Sinap performed better than others; its wood and buds were not damaged at a temperature of -42 °C.

Disease susceptibility

Disease resistance indicators are average. Leaves and fruits are susceptible to scab. An outbreak of the disease can occur in summer or autumn with high air humidity. To preserve the harvest, preventive maintenance is carried out with biological preparations (fungicides):

• "Alirin";
• "Fitosporin";
• "Gamane."

Agricultural technology [ edit | edit code]

On a weak-growing rootstock, “Kandil-sinap” needs support. For individual trees, this is simply a stake that supports the trunk, to which, in addition, you can bend and tie branches that compete with the leader - strong wood eliminates the danger of breaking off. A trellis is installed in an industrial garden. On a medium or vigorous rootstock, support is not required, however, bending the branches becomes especially important, since by its nature the variety has a pyramidal crown, and it is unrealistic to expand it in any other way [2].

Today there are more than 10 thousand varieties of apple trees in the world.

Depending on the climate zone in which they will be grown, as well as taking into account the taste characteristics of apples, gardeners select different varieties for planting.

Particular attention is paid to agrotechnical methods of caring for a fruit-bearing tree, since, ultimately, this determines the future health of the garden and its productivity.

Protection from pests and diseases

Fitosporin M is an environmentally friendly fungicide

If there is a lack of calcium in the soil, the fruits of Sinap Orlovsky are affected by bitter pitting. To saturate the soil during the period of fruit filling and ripening, it is recommended to use the liquid preparation Kalbit S (6–8 ml per 10 liters of water). It is necessary to spray trees in the evening, starting from the top of the crown. Upon completion of spraying, all leaves should be well moistened with the solution.

Kalbit S is intended for the prevention and treatment of many diseases of fruit trees, and it also improves the structure of fruits

To protect against codling moths, apple trees are thoroughly sprayed with wormwood solution (25 ml of tincture per 10 liters of water), 2 times with a break of 7 days, 4–5 weeks before the start of harvest.

Video: how to properly care for fruit trees

Tying trunks and low skeletal branches with spruce branches will protect the apple tree from rodents and hares

Description, photo

The Kandil Sinap apple tree belongs to the varieties of apple trees with autumn ripening . Requires a long growing season. It begins to bear fruit 12-15 years after planting.

It is characterized by average winter hardiness and drought resistance, and is not affected by frost damage or sunburn. Slightly susceptible to infection by scab and powdery mildew.

Apple tree Qandil Sipan.

Advantages of the variety:

• High yield;
• Great taste;
• Marketability of fruits.

Disadvantages of the variety:

• Enters the fruiting period late;
• Periodic yield;
• Tendency to fruit shedding.

Flowering of Kandil Sinap begins 6-7 days later than that of European varieties of apple trees, and can last almost 3 weeks.

Thanks to this, the flowers are not afraid of early frosts.

Long flowering largely guarantees good pollination of flowers.

The best pollinators are the following varieties:

• Sarah synap;
• White rosemary;
• Renet of Orleans.

Renet Orléans is one of the best pollinators of Qandil Sinapa.

The fruits reach harvest maturity in late August - early September. The tree bears fruit once every 2-3 years.

The fruiting period is more than 50 years. The yield of an adult tree can reach 200-300 kg of apples.

The fruits are very attractive in appearance, tender, and difficult to transport . Stored with natural ventilation until mid-December, at a temperature of 2℃ - until April-May.

Tasting score 4.4 points. They are used in natural and processed forms.

Pollination

Northern Sinap is partially self-fertile. To increase productivity, it is recommended to plant pollinators such as Antonovka, Pepin saffron, and Slavyanka in the garden plot.

Without pollinators, the yields of Northern Sinap will decrease. When self-pollinating, this apple tree produces only about 40% of the possible harvest.

For Oryol Sinap, the best pollinators are Antonovka and Welsey.

Photo gallery: the best pollinators for Sinap

Pepin saffron is one of the most valuable varieties in the Central Black Earth region

Antonovka is a widespread ancient Russian winter apple tree variety.

The Welsie variety is distinguished by its high consumer quality of apples

The Slavyanka variety is characterized by high winter hardiness and resistance to scab.

Harvest and storage

Orlovsky and Northern Sinap are distinguished by early fruiting and regularity of fruiting. The first harvests can be harvested 5–7 years after planting. Sinap, grown on a dwarf rootstock, is able to bear fruit after 2-3 years.

Harvesting of both varieties occurs at the end of September - beginning of October. When they reach maturity, the fruits do not fall off, but are firmly held on the branches, which has a beneficial effect on their subsequent storage.

In terms of productivity, Oryol Sinap is inferior to Northern Sinap. The first brings up to 70-90 kg of apples from one tree, while from the second you can collect up to 170 kg .

Harvesting ahead of schedule is not recommended, as this can lead to a deterioration in the taste of the fruit and a reduction in shelf life.

After harvesting, the fruits of both varieties, under the right conditions, retain excellent presentation and taste until May.

Apples are stored in a cool, dry room in wooden vegetable boxes or cardboard boxes with special slots for air exchange. The fruits in the boxes are sprinkled with dry wood shavings or wrapped in paper. Thanks to the thick skin, transportation is carried out without losing the original consumer appearance.

The fruits of Sinap Northern and Sinap Orlovsky can be stored until May next year

Peculiarities

The trees are powerful, vigorous, slow-growing with an annual growth of 20 to 25 cm. They reach a height of 6-7 m.

The crown is narrow-pyramidal, of medium density, the shoots are thin.

The leaves are small, elliptical in shape, thin, grayish-green in color, slightly pubescent on the reverse side, with a sharply pointed tip and wedge-shaped base.

The fruits are elongated-cylindrical in shape , the apex is conical, can reach a weight of 200 g, the average weight is 120-145 g.

The main color of the skin is pale green; on the sunny side it acquires a bright red blush. During storage, the skin of apples becomes light yellow, with a more pronounced blush.

The pulp is very juicy, tender, and has a pleasant taste.

Sinap Orlovsky

Variety selected by E. N. Sedova. Brought out at the Oryol Zonal Fruit and Berry Experimental Station (now the All-Russian Research Institute for Breeding Fruit Crops) from crossing Synap Severny with Pamyatya Michurin.

Description of the variety

The tree is vigorous, with a sparse, wide-spreading crown.

The fruits are medium-sized or large, one-dimensional and oblong, round-conical in shape rather than barrel-shaped, which is typical for synapses.

The main color at the time of picking is yellowish-green, during the period of full consumer ripeness it is golden yellow, the outer color is a blurred pink-red blush. The skin of the fruit is very durable, smooth, and oily to the touch.

The pulp is greenish-cream in color, dense and juicy, with a harmonious sweet and sour taste and faint aroma. Fruit ripeness begins in November and ends at the end of April.

Sinap Orlovsky

Peculiarities

The variety is relatively resistant to scab and, according to the results of many years of observations in the Michurinsky garden of the Moscow Agricultural Academy, it is quite winter-hardy for the Moscow region.

Thanks to overgrowing branches of various types, the frequency of fruiting is practically absent - mature trees produce annual yields of 50–70 kg per tree.

Sinap Orlovsky is recommended for cultivation in the regions of Russia:

• Central - Bryansk, Vladimir, Ivanovo, Kaluga, Moscow, Ryazan, Tula regions.
• Central Black Earth - Belgorod, Voronezh, Kursk, Lipetsk, Oryol, Tambov regions.

Kandil Sinap apple tree on a low-growing rootstock

When grafted onto a dwarf or semi-dwarf rootstock, Qandil Sinap significantly changes its characteristics. At the same time, the best properties of the mother variety are preserved.

So, on the dwarf rootstock M9:

• The height of the tree reaches 2.5-3 m;
• Fruiting begins in the year of planting;
• The yield is 10-16 kg per apple tree;
• The lifespan of such trees is 10-12 years;
• Due to the shallow location of the root system, they need support.

On a medium-sized (semi-dwarf) rootstock MM106 Kandil Sinap:

• Reaches a height of 5-6 m;
• Does not need support;
• It begins to bear fruit 3-4 years after planting;
• The yield is 62-80 kg of fruits per tree;
• The lifespan of an apple tree is about 25 years.

Thus, apple trees on a low-growing rootstock have a number of advantages:

• Early fruiting;
• Easy to care for;
• Compact fit;
• Features of the root system;
• High yield.

Thanks to these advantages, low-growing apple trees are becoming increasingly popular among gardeners.

The height of the apple tree depends on the rootstock.

Agricultural technology

Every gardener can plant a dwarf garden on their plot, which is very beautiful and profitable. In order to maximize the benefits of the Kandil Sinap variety, it is necessary to strictly follow the rules of agricultural technology.

Advantages and disadvantages

This variety is unpretentious in care, so it has many more advantages than disadvantages. Among the advantages of Sinap, it is necessary to note early fruiting, high yield, long-term storage of fruits and their excellent consumer qualities.

Oryol Sinap is more adapted to Siberian frosts, while Northern Sinap, despite the name and declared winter hardiness, is not recommended to be exposed to low temperatures and grown in the northern regions of our country. However, the slate molding, taking into account the protection and shelter of trees from the cold, still makes it possible to grow Northern Sinap in the regions of Eastern Siberia.

The Sinap apple tree has average resistance to scab, but, like many other varieties, it requires timely prevention and protection from pests and diseases. Disadvantages also include the massive size of the tree, which will be inconvenient for growing in private garden plots with a small area .

Description

The fruits of Kandil Sinap are medium, weighing up to 150 grams. They are elongated-cylindrical, with smooth yellow-green skin, covered on one side with an elegant red blush. The pulp is yellowish in color and has a delicate consistency, like that of the Legend apple tree variety. The taste is sweet with sourness, dessert, previously it was considered a delicacy. A pleasant aroma, in which some detect wine notes, is considered the “calling card” of the variety.

Fruits ripen in late August or early September. In order for them to acquire the organoleptic characteristics characteristic of the form, it is recommended to let them sit for about three weeks after collection. The yield is very high, up to 170 kilograms per tree, and from large specimens you can get all 2-3 quintals. But fruiting is periodic - once every 2-3 years.

Another characteristic disadvantage of the hybrid is pre-harvest shedding. Fallen apples can no longer be stored. In addition, it cannot boast of good transportability. To ensure safety, each apple is wrapped in paper, and the rows in the boxes are lined with shavings. With minor mechanical stress, dark spots appear on the surface of the fruit, because the skin is very delicate. But proper storage will allow the fruits to last until January and even longer.

Historically, varietal trees are considered tall due to the fact that they were grown authentically on large seedling rootstocks. Another striking characteristic of the variety is the pyramidal shape of the crown, due to which it is recommended to form the lateral branches by bending them back. The wood is durable and, according to reviews, can withstand such manipulations without chipping.

a brief description of

Harvest and storage

Apples keep well

Based on the description, the harvest time is early autumn (optimal timing: September - October). This is the best time to pick apples, put them in boxes and let them sit. If you transport fruits unripe, they will be well preserved, because ripe fruits do not tolerate transportation well.

The advantage for stores is that the apples can remain in the warehouse for another month and ripen, and if the conditions are met, they can be stored until spring.

Growing and care

In Qandil gardens, Sinap is sometimes formed on trellises. Its shoots are thin, fruiting is mixed. Flowering is mid-late and consistent, so the variety is not damaged by frost.

Resistance to fungal diseases - scab and powdery mildew - is high, but frost resistance is average, down to -28°C. Among the disadvantages, some gardeners note relatively weak drought resistance. However, there are cases when even young trees successfully spent the season without watering at all.

Previously, Qandil Sinap was very labor intensive to grow. Firstly, it did not begin to produce a harvest very soon, 10-15 years after planting. In terms of early fruiting, it was inferior to new hybrids, which were bred with an eye specifically to quickly obtaining a harvest. The use of low-growing or dwarf rootstocks of the M-9 type significantly improved the situation, bringing fruiting closer to the 3rd year after planting. Among other things, due to the weak attachment of fruits to branches, trees have to be protected from the winds. This creates additional difficulties for cultivating the variety and hinders its spread.

Planting rules do not differ from recommendations for other varieties of apple trees. The variety loves space and prefers slightly acidic soils with a pH of 5.5-6.5. The holes are dug at least a few weeks before planting. During this time, they are ventilated, and the nutrient mixture of fertile soil and fertilizers poured onto the bottom becomes somewhat denser.

Landing

When choosing a planting site, you must first pay attention to the groundwater level. It should be located at a depth of at least 1.5 - 2.0 m. The optimal soil is light, fertile, slightly acidic. If the soil is based on heavy loams, it must be enriched with organic matter. The distance between representatives of the variety is from 6 to 7 meters.

Deadlines

Apple trees are planted in the spring before sap flow begins or in the fall after the end of the growing season. In the middle zone this is the end of April and mid-October, respectively.

Technology

Healthy seedlings are suitable for planting

Prepare for planting in advance, at least 2 weeks in advance, optimally a month in advance. This is necessary so that the soil can settle and the number of air voids around the roots, which prevent the suction roots from doing their job, is reduced.

For this:

• Carefully remove the turf, and then the top layer of soil (10-15 cm), which is the most fertile. Set both layers aside.
• Dig a hole about 80cm deep and about 1m wide and long. Loosen the bottom with a sharp shovel - this will allow excess water to drain away faster;
• put the soil selected from the hole in another place where it can be mixed with humus and fertilizers;
• Place drainage (expanded clay, river sand, pebbles) on the bottom with a layer thickness of at least 10 cm;
• lay the turf on it, grass side down;
• mix fertile soil with organic matter (manure, compost or peat), wood ash, 4 tbsp. spoons of superphosphate and 2 tbsp. spoons of potassium sulfate.

Fill the hole with one third of this mixture and tamp down well. Pour the rest of the substrate there so that a mound is formed.

If planting is planned in the spring, then the planting hole is prepared in the fall.

After two or four weeks you can plant the apple tree.

If the seedling is “bare root” (BAE), then perform 2 operations that will help the apple tree take root faster:

• cut off damaged root tips;
• Place the roots in a solution of root or any root formation stimulator for several hours.

Free the tree with the ZKS from the container, being careful not to damage the earthen ball.

Further:

• dig a hole at the site of the planting mound, corresponding to the size of the roots of the seedling;
• form a raised area in the center. Drive a peg 70-80 cm high into it;
• Place the apple tree on the mound and straighten its roots evenly. Holding the seedling suspended, fill the voids between the roots with the prepared substrate, and then the hole itself. Place the tree so that its root collar is 5-6 cm above ground level;
• lightly compact the soil around the seedling and use a figure-of-eight loop to tie it to the stake;
• water the tree with three to four buckets of water;
• mulch the soil surface around the trunk with humus or peat.

Reviews

Qandil Sinap attracts many gardeners. It is zoned in the south of Russia, in the Krasnodar region. With good care it can be successful in more northern latitudes. Fans of the variety complain that it is undeservedly forgotten and supplanted by more advertised European hybrids. Connoisseurs of this time-tested elite form are calling for the revival of the traditions of its cultivation using modern, more advanced technologies.

— Also read about the summer resistant apple tree variety Orlovim.

History of selection

The history of the Northern Sinap apple tree variety began almost 100 years ago. In the first half of the last century, scientists set themselves the task of breeding frost-resistant species based on tasty, but much more heat-loving southern fruit trees. At this time, at the All-Russian Research Institute of Horticulture named after I.V. Michurin, experiments were carried out with the Crimean (Kandil) sinap variety. Its excellent taste has long been known, but this apple tree was not suitable for northern latitudes due to its poor cold resistance. As a result of pollination of the Crimean synap with Kitayka pollen, the Kandil Kitayka variety was obtained, however, its resistance to negative temperatures remained unsatisfactory.

Apple tree Kandil sinap - the progenitor of the Northern sinap

The experiments continued. In 1927, under the leadership of I. S. Isaev, seedlings of the Kandil Kitayka variety were planted on the territory of one of the experimental stations in the Moscow region. Most of them subsequently died, unable to withstand the cold winters, but there were also survivors. From these seedlings, the most promising one was subsequently selected, with good taste and regular fruiting. It became the first specimen of the Northern Sinap apple variety, a photo and description of which are given below.

In 1959, after numerous variety tests, it was included in the State Register as recommended for cultivation in the Volga and Central Black Earth regions, as well as in the south of Eastern Siberia, Krasnoyarsk Territory and Khakassia.

Growing in regions

Sinap apples received their description and name for their ability to be grown in cold regions. The regions of the Urals and Moscow region, the Central zone will not pose a problem at all. The apple tree can easily endure frosts, strong winds and thaws. Even in the most severe cold, although freezing of individual parts is possible, the crop quickly recovers and bears fruit.

The conditions in Siberia and Altai are even more harsh. Here the apple tree can freeze slightly. Therefore, you need to plant Sinap on a semi-dwarf, and even better in standard form. But still, apples will not gain the same amount of sugar as the same varieties in the southern regions. It will be necessary to fertilize the planting with elements of phosphorus and potassium.

Commercial and consumer qualities of fruits

The fruits are heterogeneous, medium to below average in size, weighing about 100-120 g (from 70 to 150 g).

Pedicels of medium length and thickness firmly hold apples on the branches

The fruits are round-conical or “glass-shaped” in shape. The funnel is wide, shallow, rust-free. The skin is medium thick, smooth, and becomes oily during storage. The main color is yellowish-green, the integumentary color is a brownish-red blush on the illuminated side of the fruit. Subcutaneous dots are light, numerous, large, and clearly visible. The heart is large, elongated and bulbous. The seeds are quite large, elongated-ovate, brown. The pulp is white or slightly greenish, juicy, fine-grained, dense. It tastes sour-sweet with a pleasant, delicate, spicy aroma.

According to biochemical studies conducted by VNIISKP specialists, fruits contain 15.8% soluble dry substances, including:

Professional tasting assessments of taste – 4.6 points (out of 5). In reviews of “Northern Sinap” apples, many gardeners call their taste “refreshing”, sweet with pleasant sourness and an appetizing spicy aroma.

Collection and storage

When ripe, the fruits are firmly attached to the branches and are not subject to pre-harvest shedding. The harvest is harvested at the stage of technical maturity, usually in the first ten days of October. Fruits reach consumer ripeness, when the taste is fully revealed, from November-December. For the winter, select healthy apples with stems, without punctures or damage to the skin. Their shelf life is more than six months (in the refrigerator until May). In proper conditions (at a temperature within 0...+5 ℃ and a humidity of at least 85%), the marketability, pulp density and taste of apples remain at a high level.

According to reviews from experienced summer residents, prematurely harvested fruits are poorly stored: they wither, are affected by “tanning” (browning), remain sour and lose their flavor.

Apples have a universal purpose: they are well suited for fresh consumption and all types of processing.

The shelf life and transportability of fruits are very high, so the variety does not lose its popularity and is widely used in commercial cultivation and industrial production.