Ripening time
When does it ripen? Marble pear is an early autumn variety, as its fruits usually ripen in the first ten days of September. These trees have a medium height and a pyramidal crown.
The following pear varieties also ripen in autumn: Thumbelina, Larinskaya, Uralochka, Bere Bosk and Quiet Don.
Main diseases of pear
When growing Marble pear, gardeners may encounter some fungal diseases. To properly combat them, it is necessary to notice the symptoms of their appearance in time and use appropriate fungicidal preparations.
Sooty fungus
This type of fungus usually affects the leaf blades and fruits of the pear tree. The first symptom of its appearance is the presence of a black coating, very similar to soot.
The first symptom of sooty fungus is the presence of a black coating.
This fungus appears after aphids begin to live on the pear - its sweetish waste products are the best breeding ground for this pathogen.
Moniliosis
In the spring, buds, foliage and branches of pear trees may suffer from moniliosis - they begin to wither and subsequently turn black. The symptoms of this disease resemble damage to a tree by fire or extreme cold. Therefore, another name for the disease is monilial burn.
The affected areas of the wood must be cut with a sharp knife to a healthy area, covering up to 30 cm of such an area. When moniliosis appears in the summer, the consequence is the appearance of gray rot on the fruit.
When moniliosis appears in the summer, the consequence is the occurrence of rot on the fruits
Scab
The main symptom of this disease is the appearance of olive-colored spots on the underside of the leaf blades. If scab affects fruits, spots also appear on them, the skin cracks, and the flesh hardens.
The main symptom of the disease is the appearance of spots on the foliage.
History of selection and region of breeding
One of the most famous pear breeders in Russia was I.V. Michurin . It was he who managed to develop the only winter pear variety that can grow in the Russian climate. This variety was named Bere winter Michurina .
A little later, breeders A.M. Ulyanishcheva and G.D. Neporozhny, working at the gardening station in the city of Rossosh, located in the Voronezh region, successfully applied Michurin’s knowledge and experience and crossed the winter Bere pear with a variety called Forest Beauty .
Thus, a new variety was developed - Marble Pear . In 1965, this variety was included in the State Register. It began to be grown in the Central, Lower Volga, Volga-Vyatka and Central Black Earth regions of the country.
Harvest and storage
The Marble pear variety is not distinguished by early fruiting. The tree begins to bear fruit only 6–7 years after planting. Pears of this variety ripen at the end of August or beginning of September, but they can be picked in advance, since they practically do not lose their taste when stored. The consumer period lasts 3–4 weeks.
If the fruits are not given enough moisture, they begin to crumble early.
The tree begins to bear fruit only in the 6th year after planting
Harvest volumes depend on moisture supply and wind protection. Under favorable growing conditions, the yield level is high. In pear orchards, these trees bring about 230 centners per hectare.
The recorded yield record in the city of Rossosh, Voronezh region, was 420 centners per hectare.
Under normal storage conditions, fruits retain their taste and presentation for no more than a month. If pears are subjected to fungicidal treatment, their shelf life can last up to 60 days.
Thanks to the thick skin, the fruits retain their excellent appearance and have a high level of transportability.
Marble is a dessert variety of pear . Its soft and juicy fruits have become an indispensable delicacy for many elderly people, children and simply pear lovers. They are consumed both raw and processed. The pulp makes very tasty purees, preserves, jam and marmalade.
Marble pears are a favorite delicacy for children and adults who care about their health.
Appearance
The Marble Pear tree can be distinguished by its powerful branches, medium height and pyramidal-shaped crown, which is wider at the base. The bark of this tree is gray-green in color. Marbled pear has a weak tendency to form shoots. They are red-brown in color and point upward.
The shoots are densely covered with light-colored lentils. The buds are triangular in shape and brown in color. The flowers of the tree are initially white, but become more pinkish during fruit formation. The inflorescences are umbrella-shaped and consist of eight to nine small flowers .
Main pests of pear
Folk remedies - infusions and decoctions from various available means - can help against a small number of pests. But when the colony of harmful insects has grown, then folk recipes will be ineffective. Therefore, during the period of active growth of vegetative mass, insecticides such as Decis or Fufanon are used to control pests. When the fruits begin to ripen, you can treat the pear with Iskra or Iskra-Bio.
Pear flower beetle
These small-sized bugs usually hide in the soil of tree trunks for the winter. When the snow melts and the soil warms up enough, these pests emerge from the ground and move onto the trees. First they feed on flower and growth buds, then they begin to eat flowers and young foliage.
In the last month of spring, these pests descend into the ground, where the females lay eggs. When larvae emerge from them, they begin to feed on the root system of plants.
First they feed on the buds, then they begin to eat flowers and young foliage.
Conventional insecticidal preparations are effective against the pear flower beetle, but you can simply pick them off by hand.
To destroy the larvae in the ground, it is enough to spill the soil with Diazonin solution - this drug will act for three weeks, and will not accumulate in the soil and fruits.
Pear moth
This pest is a small gray butterfly, similar in size to a moth. She makes clutches in the ground, over time caterpillars appear from them, crawl out, climb up the trunks into the crown of the pear and begin to eat the fruits. To stop the pear moth larvae, you need to hang hunting belts on the trunks, and also whitewash the trunk and the bases of skeletal branches.
This pest is a small gray butterfly, similar in size to a moth.
Aphid
The carriers of aphids are ants, for which the sweetish secretions of this pest are the best treat. If you attach catching belts to the trunks, you can block the access of these pests to fruit trees. You can also bring ladybugs into the area, which are natural enemies of aphids.
Ants are carriers of aphids
Pear “Marble”: variety description and photo
This pear variety has smooth light green leaves of medium size and ovoid shape, located at an acute angle to the shoot. Fruiting of the Marble Pear is classified as ringed type, since its fruits usually grow on ringlets located on two to four young branches.
The fruits of this tree are medium in size and weigh from one hundred and fifty to one hundred and eighty grams .
They are distinguished by their regular round-conical shape and smooth surface. The fruits have a fairly dense peel, under which there are small inclusions of a rusty color.
The main color of the fruit is greenish-yellow, but on the side of the Marble variety pears there is a brownish-red marbled spot, due to which this variety is named so. The fruits of the Marble Pear have wide, medium-sized stalks.
The fruit pulp can be cream or white in color and has a coarse-grained structure. The seeds are light brown in color and are found in small quantities in the fruits.
Marbled pears have a sweet taste and pleasant aroma and belong to the dessert type of pear.
Their taste is rated 4.8 points on a five-point rating scale, and their appearance is rated 4.7 points .
Photo of “Marble” pear:
Tree care
Proper care of a pear tree includes regular watering, fertilizing, pruning and preparation for wintering.
Description of irrigation features
Watering improves fruiting and increases the frost resistance of trees. Usually pears are quite resistant to drought, but Mramornaya is sensitive to dry soil and begins to drop fruit. This does not mean that abundant watering is needed, but the soil under this pear should be kept constantly moist. Depending on the weather, the pear needs to be moistened 5–8 times per season. Young trees are watered more often in the first 2 years after planting - once a week, then once every 2 weeks.
Central Russia is considered a zone of sufficient moisture. However, most areas receive about 500 mm of rainfall per year, but to obtain high and sustainable yields, gardens should be watered even when the amount reaches 1000 mm.
Kolesnikov E.V.
Apple and pear. M.: Rosselkhozizdat, 1981
In addition to summer procedures, during which only the top layer of soil is moistened, for the winter it is necessary to carry out moisture-recharging irrigation, which saturates the deep layers of the soil with moisture. This technique helps protect the tree's roots from freezing until permanent snow cover is established. In addition, it allows you to start irrigation later the following year. It is carried out in November (at a norm of 8–10 buckets of water per 1 m2).
What fertilizers should I apply to make the pear bear fruit better?
To ensure optimal conditions for the growth and development of trees, it is necessary to regularly apply organic and mineral fertilizers, balanced in the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, taking into account their presence in the soil. Providing fruit trees with nutrients increases their resistance to pest damage and disease infection.
Mineral fertilizers can be applied together with organic fertilizers when digging the soil
Nitrogen fertilizers promote tree growth and increase productivity, potassium determines increased winter hardiness, phosphorus is important for the color of fruits and their taste. Just remember that too much fertilizer can cause harm instead of benefit.
For example, an excess amount of nitrogen increases the harmfulness of powdery mildew, while phosphorus and potassium fertilizers reduce the susceptibility of shoots to this disease.
Foliar feeding with special fertilizers containing varying amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and various microelements is very useful for trees. In this form, nutrients are well absorbed by tree leaves. Processing should be 2-3 times. Foliar feeding should be applied before and during flowering, as well as when trees are depressed. Systematic use helps increase the size of leaves and fruits. Feeding for pears affected by moniliosis is very important, since the fungus damages the vascular system and the supply of nutrients to the crown is reduced.
Trimming
Pruning fruit trees is an important technique that makes it possible to achieve regular high yields and improve the quality of the fruit. This operation is recommended to be performed annually in order to increase the illumination of the crown and achieve its rapid ventilation in humid weather, as well as to prevent outbreaks of diseases such as moniliosis, scab, and powdery mildew (the need for fungicide treatments will accordingly decrease).
Pear trees must be pruned annually.
Sanitary pruning is performed to remove diseased and dried branches, but it also has its own varieties. For example, during periods of outbreaks of monilial burn, a special phytosanitary procedure is required, in which fruit twigs, shoots, and branches that have dried out from this disease are removed. It is carried out in the summer, a month after flowering, when they are clearly visible (in winter it is very difficult to identify diseased buds).
When cutting out diseased branches, you should capture the healthy part by at least 10–15 cm, since the presence of fungal mycelium is also possible there.
Kolesova D.A., Chmyr P.G.
Journal “Plant Protection and Quarantine” No. 6, 2005
Since there are pockets of infection on diseased branches, they must be removed from the garden immediately, without delaying until spring, as gardeners often do. Along with winter or early spring pruning, the trunks and main branches of trees should be cleared of dead bark, since under it there are often overwintering pests - mites, aphid eggs, scale insects, as well as pathogens of moniliosis, black cancer, etc. By annually performing agrotechnical pruning, you can reduce number of aphids and honeyweed. If in the crown of the tree there are egg-laying cutworms, wintering “nests” of hawthorn caterpillars, you need to remove them when pruning.
At the beginning of summer, to adjust the branches in the tree crown, a “green operation” is performed - breaking off excess young shoots and tops. Such thinning facilitates subsequent winter pruning, and also helps to lighten the crown, increase its ventilation, and reduce the harmfulness of scab during the most dangerous period of disease development.
Trees affected by moniliosis usually grow root shoots, which should also be removed during agricultural pruning. These shoots are primarily affected by various diseases, and the infection spreads to the crown of the tree.
Tillage
To improve moisture retention, regular loosening of the soil is necessary. In addition, keeping the soil under black fallow during the entire growing season increases the effectiveness of the fight against weeds, which take away moisture and nutrients from the tree, and, in addition, are an intermediate “home” for some pests. For example, spider mites feed on acorn grass and field bindweed, and leafhopper larvae feed on various grassy weeds.
Preparing for winter
In winter, one of the main dangers is damage to the bark and shoots of trees by rodents, therefore, from the onset of frost until permanent deep snow cover is established, poisoned baits should be placed in holes near the trees (from 1 to 3 times, every 10–15 days). If only common voles are found on your site, use Geltsin Agro (gel).
Young trees (up to 8–10 years old) need to be tied in the fall (the trunk and the lower main branches) with various materials (reeds, spruce branches). If deep snow falls in winter, it is recommended to compact it near the tree trunk to protect against pests. At the beginning of the spring snowmelt, when thawed patches appear at the base of the tree, inspect the soil for residential rodent burrows (if there are traces of feeding, it means the burrow is residential). If you find such holes, re-spread the poisoned baits near the tree.
One way to protect against large rodents is to wrap the trunk with netting.
You also need to beware of hares. Young trees are protected by coating the trunk with a mixture of clay and mullein in a 1:1 ratio. It is advisable to add odorous substances to the mixture (creolin - 100 g per 10 liters of water or carbolic acid - 50 per 10 liters of water).
Characteristics
The marble pear usually begins to bear fruit in the sixth or seventh year after budding and is characterized by high productivity . Its fruits usually ripen in early September, and the consumption period lasts about three to four weeks. The harvested fruits can be stored for sixty to seventy days. They have a high level of transportability and good commercial qualities.
Factors that can reduce yields include dry weather and strong gusts of wind, which can cause pears to fall off. Marble pear is characterized by average frost resistance.
It tolerates May frosts especially poorly, during which not only its flowers, but also the trees themselves can die.
Rogneda, Duchess, Sverdlovchanka, Feeria, Lel and Chizhovskaya demonstrate good frost resistance.
One of the advantages of the Marbled Pear is its resistance to scab, powdery mildew and fruit rot. Cathedral , Severyanka, Orlovskaya Summer and Orlovskaya Krasivitsa can be used as pollinators for the Marbled Pear
Features of the plant
The height of the tree is average, depending significantly on the rootstock used. Seedlings grafted onto quince are usually short, and those grown on a seed rootstock have greater growth vigor. The shape of the crown is wide-pyramidal, not very dense, since the shoot-forming ability is quite low. The branches are powerful, growing in an oblique-vertical position. On the skeletal branches and trunk the bark is greenish-gray. Shoots directed vertically are red-brown in color.
There are many lentils, they are small, light, barely visible on the surface of the bark. The buds are brown, triangular in shape. Leaves are medium sized, green. The leaf blade is smooth, ovate, with a finely toothed cream and a rounded base. The leaf surface is smooth, glossy, without pubescence. The petiole is of medium length, devoid of color.
Flowering is quite early, so flowers and ovaries often suffer from spring frosts
The flowers are simple, saucer-shaped, medium-sized, about 3 cm in diameter, collected in umbrella-type inflorescences of 8-9 pieces. The petals are white, with a smooth edge. Stigmas and anthers are located at the same level. “Marble” is capable of self-pollination , but for better formation of ovaries it is advisable to plant other pear trees nearby. The most suitable pollinating partners are: “Chizhovskaya”, “Lada”, “Tatyana”.
Fruits are formed on ringlets located on young shoots aged 2 to 4 years
Rings are short fruiting formations up to 3-5 cm long with frequently spaced ring scars. The annual growth of such branches is only from 3 to 20 mm.
Precocity and productivity
The period of entry into fruiting is above average. As a rule, trees begin to bear fruit 6-7 years after grafting, that is, a seedling purchased from a nursery will begin to bear fruit approximately 4-6 years after planting.
On a personal plot, you can collect about 70 kg of fruits from one tree
Yield indicators range from medium to high, they directly depend on temperature and humidity conditions. During hot, dry periods, with a lack of moisture in the soil, a decrease in yield and fruit shedding may occur. With industrial cultivation, the average harvest is 160-240 c/g, and the maximum yield reached 420 c/ha.
Sustainability
A valuable feature of the variety is its high resistance to scab. The plant is also slightly susceptible to powdery mildew.
The winter hardiness of trees is quite high. The main danger is return frosts: if in the spring during the flowering period the air temperature drops to a level from −2 ℃ to −6 ℃, then complete freezing of the flowers is possible.
Planting and care
It is recommended to plant Marble Pear either in spring or autumn - about a month before the first frost. Loamy soils are the most favorable for seedlings of this tree.
It is in such soil that the Marble Pear is guaranteed to provide you with a good harvest if you follow the rules of caring for it.
If you decide to plant the Marble Pear in clay soil, you must add peat , compost and coarse river sand
This will allow the seedling to develop normally, satisfying its need for air. For sandy soils, it is necessary to use additives such as humus, peat and compost.
The depth of the pits for planting seedlings must be at least seventy centimeters, and the diameter must be one meter. It is advisable to dig a hole several days before the planned planting. You can throw walnut husks and tin cans at the bottom of the hole.
IMPORTANT! If you are going to plant Marble soil in a place near which groundwater lies, you must make a ditch to drain this water, otherwise the tree may die.
To be on the safe side, it is better to plant seedlings on small hills. Various vegetable crops can be planted next to the Marble Pear, with the exception of corn and sunflower. These tall-stemmed crops draw from the soil almost all the beneficial substances needed by the pear tree.
Seedlings need to be watered regularly, and it is not necessary to use fertilizers in the first year of planting. Mature trees require watering several times throughout the spring and summer. The most favorable method of watering is sprinkling.
To do this, you can dig a groove around the trunks, the depth of which should be about fifteen centimeters and carefully pour water into it. To water one square meter of pear planting you will need two or three buckets of water.
After watering, as well as after rain, it is necessary to clear the tree trunks from weeds. In March, it is necessary to prune the pear, removing old branches and shortening the remaining ones. This will help prevent crown thickening and serve as a stimulator for the formation of new buds.
At the end of April, Marble Pear needs spraying. The first spraying should be carried out during the period of bud break, which will help protect the tree from pests and various diseases. The tree should be sprayed a second time when buds appear on it. For spraying, you can use drugs such as Fury, Strobi and Inta-Vir.
In May, you need to start enriching the soil with useful microelements. To do this, you can use saltpeter, urea, copper sulfate and boric acid solution. For an adult tree, it is necessary to carry out grassing - mowing the grass around it and fertilizing the soil with nitrogen. Don't forget that grass pretty much dries out the soil. To prepare a tree for winter, you can sow green manure, which will decompose during the fall and enrich the soil with the necessary substances.
The main element of caring for the Marble Pear in the summer is regular watering of the furrows.
In September-October, it is advisable to whitewash the trunks, and red lead should be used to paint over wounds on the bark of trees. November is an excellent time to fertilize the soil.
To do this, you can use substances such as compost, potassium, superphosphate, dolomite, ash, sodium chloride, table salt and lime. Fertilizers must be placed around the pear or along the perimeter of its crown. During the winter months, trees can be insulated with snow to protect them from freezing, and young seedlings need to be hilled up with soil.
Reviews from gardeners
It is quite difficult for novice summer residents to decide on the choice of fruit tree variety. Despite the large amount of information on the Internet, you always want to hear feedback from an experienced gardener who grows a large number of crops. We present to your attention people’s opinions about the Marble pear variety from real forums.
In the fall I will remove the Marble tree. There were too many things I didn't like about her. Firstly, the sweet taste. Yes, there is a lot of sugar in it, but without harmonious sourness I cannot accept the taste of pear. Secondly, the tenderness and aroma of its fruits, in my experience, are greatly exaggerated. In addition, the tree is constantly sick, and it is not clear why. Either there is some kind of chlorosis on the leaves, then suddenly there is no new growth, then the fruits for no apparent reason stop growing, become stiff and hang there until late autumn, remaining inedible. This is despite the fact that other varieties nearby grow, develop and bear fruit well. Definitely going to be uprooted!
Apple https://forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=9393
On Mramornaya, some of my leaves are turning brown, the border between green and brown is sharp. A couple of apple tree varieties behave similarly. I combed through the thick determinant of apple tree diseases - it was clear... It was jammed in a week. Last year they blamed it on the deep neck and rain. Now the watering was good, but the position of the root collar was normal.
Andy https://forum.vinograd.info/archive/index.php?t-597-p-2.html
At an early age, Mramornaya suffered from sunburn, and the wounds were so large that in some places only narrow strips of bark remained, and I waited for the plant to die, but it stretched to life, giving each year a more tangible harvest. Over time, the bark hardens, the wounds heal and the pear grows to its (and our) pleasure.
Alex https://iplants.ru/forum/?showtopic=3069
The above reviews highlight the difficulty of growing Marble Pear in summer cottages. To enjoy the sweetness of these fruits, you need to try hard, following all the rules for caring for the tree.
The Marble pear variety is characterized by many advantages over other fruit trees: abundant yield, resistance to scab, high commercial and consumer qualities of the fruit. To prevent fruit from falling off, provide the tree with a high-quality watering system and additional care methods: mulching, pruning, fertilizing. Your efforts will be rewarded with a harvest of delicious dessert pears.
- Author: Natalya Art
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Diseases and pests
Marbled pear is highly resistant to powdery mildew and, however, it still requires certain preventive measures of protection.
To do this, in the autumn, they dig up the tree trunk circles, clearing them of fallen leaves, and in the spring, they clean off the old bark from the tree trunk, making room for new ones. To protect the tree trunk from rodents, you can use shag or tobacco.
Marbled pear is a unique variety of this fruit crop. If you take care of it responsibly, it will definitely reward you with a huge amount of tasty and juicy fruits.
Do not neglect enriching the soil with minerals and spraying trees to protect against parasites and diseases. Carefully monitor the condition and growth of your trees, and then they will delight you for a long time.
The following varieties are resistant to diseases: Limonka, Lira, Severyanka Krasnoshchekaya, Moskovskaya early and Noyabrskaya.
Advantages and disadvantages
Each variety of pear trees has its own advantages and disadvantages. In order to help beginners and experienced gardeners select early autumn varieties, the article presents a comparison of similar varieties.
Advantages of the variety
- good resistance to the spread of diseases such as powdery mildew, fruit rot, scab - the main advantage of Marble;
- the fruits tolerate transportation well because they have a strong and dense skin;
- Marble has a pleasant and sweet taste, juiciness and bright aroma;
- Pears are well suited for commercial cultivation as around 200kg of mature fruit can be harvested per tree.
Flaws
- has low frost resistance;
- does not tolerate drought well, pears may begin to fall off the tree if there is insufficient watering;
- bears fruit only 6–7 years after planting;
- May frosts can cause significant damage not only to flowers, but to the entire tree.
conclusions
- Marbled pear has remarkable fruit characteristics and excellent yield.
- Plants do not tolerate drought, frost and strong winds. Young plantings require shelter and supports.
- The variety is highly resistant to fruit tree diseases.
- Despite being self-fertile, the plant needs neighbors. Compatible pear species are suitable for pollination.
- The fruits have excellent taste and appearance, can be stored and transported for a long time without harm to the harvest.
- Sweet pears are suitable for dietary nutrition as a substitute for sweets.
Possible difficulties
This variety of pear needs to be provided with regular irrigation, as it does not tolerate even short-term drought. Therefore, if gardeners do not have the opportunity to constantly visit the garden plot, then it is necessary to provide drip irrigation so that the soil in the tree trunk circle is constantly moist, otherwise the tree will begin to drop fruits.
Also, for a good yield, you need to take care of fertilizing according to the appropriate schedule.
For active pollination, it is necessary to plant appropriate pear varieties nearby, otherwise the fruiting of the Marble Pear will not be so high.
