The best varieties of cherry plum (large and sweet) for Belarus

The best varieties of cherry plum. ASALODA

C ort

early ripening cherry plums

Description of the variety:
The fruits are
of medium size (average weight - 25 g), round in shape, dark red with numerous large, clearly visible subcutaneous points.
The stone
is small, fused with the pulp.
The pulp
is yellow, very juicy,
pleasant sweet taste
, with a strong aroma. The Asaloda cherry plum variety is self-sterile; the best pollinators are the Mara and Vitba varieties.

Tasting assessment

– 4.2 points.

Frost-resistant varieties

Cherry plum

Plum and cherry plum are classified as heat-loving trees. However, there are many varieties that can live well in relatively cold areas. Frost resistance of some of them reaches -35°C.

Carmine

Carmine Tree of medium height with a spherical crown. The density of the crown is low. The variety can withstand frosts down to -30°C. Harvest occurs in mid to late August.

The fruits are small and round in shape. The skin is thin, dark scarlet. The pulp has a yellow tint. In this case, the juice is almost colorless. The pulp is dense with a well-separable stone. The taste of the pulp is slightly sour.

Gift to St. Petersburg

Gift to St. Petersburg Frost-resistant variety of decorative appearance. Able to tolerate significant temperature fluctuations. The crown is extensive, with a high degree of foliage. Ripens in the second ten days of August. Requires pollinators, the best of which is the Rocket Seedling. Has good immunity.

The fruits are small in size, slightly elongated. Color – dark yellow or orange . The taste is considered very good.

Ruby

Rubinovaya A fast-growing, winter-hardy variety with high growth. The crown has an oval shape and medium density. The plant's immunity is good; diseases and pests rarely affect it. Harvesting occurs in the third decade of July.

The fruits are spherical, sometimes slightly flattened. The skin has a dark red hue with a shine, the flesh is orange. The pulp density is average. It is fibrous and juicy with a hard-to-separate pit.

Rocket Seedling

Rocket seedling A variety that can withstand temperatures down to -35°C. The tree is low-growing with a dense, squat crown. The foliage is high . Tolerates temperature changes well in the summer. It is considered one of the best varieties for growing in the Urals.

Large fruits with a slight point at the end. A relatively small number of cherry plum varieties have a similar shape (in particular, Dynnaya). The skin is dense, red. The pulp is yellow, of moderate density. The taste is sweet with slight notes of sourness. Has good keeping quality.

CINDERELLA

C ort

early ripening cherry plums

Description of the variety:
The fruits
are very large (average weight 40 g), oval.
The skin is smooth. Color ranges from dark pink to burgundy. The bone
is medium in size and cannot be separated.
The pulp
is burgundy, very juicy, sweet taste, with a very pleasant aroma.

The cherry plum variety Zolushka is partially self-fertile, with regular fruiting.

Tasting assessment

– sweet taste, pleasant aroma.

Features of growing cherry plum in the Moscow region

In warm regions, cherry plum grows as a wild crop. In the middle zone of Russia, it is impossible to grow this tree in its original form, since the culture loves warmth, is demanding and does not tolerate low temperatures at all. In regions with a temperate climate, the cultivation of cherry plum has become possible thanks to the work of breeders who, engaged in interspecific hybridization, develop new varieties, including self-fertile ones. In order for the new hybrids to successfully take root and produce a good harvest, the parent cherry plum varieties were crossed with the Chinese-Ussuri plum.

Bred hybrids have their own advantages that the wild tree does not have:
endurance of low temperatures;
high productivity with good taste;
rapid ripening, which allows you to harvest before frost arrives.

The best varieties of cherry plum. Lodva

C ort

early ripening cherry plums

Description of the variety:
The fruits
are large (average weight - 36 g), round.
The abdominal suture is deep. The main and top color of the skin is yellow. The stone
is small and easily separated from the pulp.
The pulp
is yellow, tender, very juicy, with a caramel aroma. The Lodva cherry plum variety is self-sterile. The best pollinators are the Mara and Asaloda varieties.

Tasting assessment

– sweet and sour taste, caramel aroma.

The best varieties of cherry plum. BLAME

C ort

early ripening cherry plums

Description of the variety:
fruits
(20-22 g), flat-round in shape.
The color is bright yellow, with a large number of greenish subcutaneous dots and a faint waxy coating. The stone
is medium size (4.0% of the fruit weight), does not separate from the pulp.
The pulp
is yellow, very tender, juicy, and the taste is sweet. The cherry plum variety Pramen is self-sterile. The best pollinator is the Traveler.

Tasting assessment

— 4.1 points.

Cherry plum Kuban comet

A universal variety of hybrid origin of Russian selection, early ripening (early-mid July), partially self-fertile, high-yielding.

It is characterized by outstanding adaptability in various regions - from the Transcaucasus to the Non-Black Earth Region (Moscow, Smolensk, St. Petersburg), the Southern Urals (Chelyabinsk) and the south, Primorye (Vladivostok).

The variety has high winter hardiness and moderate drought resistance, is resistant to a complex of major diseases, but is prone to fruit rot in bad years and to fruit shrinkage when trees are overloaded with crops.

The tree is low-growing, the crown is flat-rounded, with weak branching power. The leaves are green, shiny, pointed, medium in size. The flowers are small, pale pink.

The fruits are ovoid, large (about 30 g), with a medium-intensity waxy coating. The skin is beet-red, the flesh is yellow, fibrous consistency, medium juiciness and density, with a weak aroma. The bone is semi-detachable. The taste is excellent, sweet and sour.

The fruits do not fall off for a long time when overripe, are resistant to cracking, transportable, and are intended for fresh consumption and canning.

LAMA

C ort

mid-ripening cherry plums

Description of the variety:
The fruits
are large (average weight - 30 g), round-oval in shape.
The color of the fruit is dark purple, almost black, there are many subcutaneous spots, gray. The stone
is small and easily separated from the pulp.
The pulp
is dark red, juicy, fibrous, with a pleasant sweet and sour taste. The juice is dark red. The Lama cherry plum variety is self-sterile. The best pollinators are the Mara and Asaloda varieties.

Tasting assessment

– 4.4 points.

What species are suitable for cultivation?

It is known that northern types of cherry plum have a wide range of ripening periods and taste: there are early and late ripening varieties with a delicate aroma and sweet-sour or honey taste. They can be subjected to long-term transportation without loss of commercial and taste qualities, and are excellent honey plants.

According to tastes

As they ripen, the fruits of the northern species of cherry plum acquire juicy, fibrous pulp with a bright sweet or sweet-sour taste . Such a variety of flavors became possible thanks to the interspecific crossing of cherry plums with various varieties of plums.

Among the sweet varieties, “Zlato Scythians” is distinguished, from the early fruiting period. It is frost-resistant and resistant to temperature changes. Ripe fruits have a round shape, a golden hue, and very juicy and sweet pulp.

The Soneika cherry plum variety has a classic sweet and sour taste. This is a late-ripening species (harvesting begins in early September). Ripe fruits have a round shape, yellow skin and sweet and sour pulp.

By color

An important industrial quality of cherry plum is the intense color of the fruit, combined with dense skin and pulp. The palette of shades is varied - from light yellow to dark purple and black. The color of the skin and pulp of cherry plums is determined by the presence of certain chemical compounds in them:

Red and burgundy

Evidence of the presence of the enzyme lycopene. This is a valuable antioxidant that prevents cell aging and prevents the risk of pathologies such as atherosclerosis, cataracts, and cardiovascular disorders.

The variety July Rose has such fruits . They are large, scarlet in color with a slight coating of wax. The species is self-fertile, but if there is a pollinator nearby, productivity indicators improve.

Blue and purple

Fruits acquire similar colors if they contain the glycoside anthocyanin. This substance has antitumor activity, slows down the aging process, and helps strengthen the immune system.

As a rule, blue and purple cherry plum fruits are large and heavy (up to 70 g), with dense honey-colored pulp. Thanks to these properties, purple cherry plum varieties have high rates of transportability.

An example of such a variety is Naydena, with large red-purple berries. Already in the 3rd year of life, Naydena trees produce rich harvests (up to 40 kg per season). They are self-sterile, but tolerate temperature changes well.

Yellow

Evidence of the presence of significant amounts of beta carotene. The valuable pigment belongs to the group of antioxidants and is provitamin A, which ensures the normal functioning of the body.

Yellow varieties, as a rule, are very productive (up to 70 kg of fruit can be collected from a tree per season). The fruits are round and medium in size. Often, they have a sour skin and sweet, juicy flesh.

The Oriole variety with bright yellow fruits is very unpretentious. Trees survive even during prolonged frosts and drought. The harvest of cherry plums of the Ivolga variety begins at the end of July.

Green

Due to the presence of chlorophyll pigment in their composition. With constant use, this antioxidant significantly improves the condition of the visual organs and helps strengthen the immune system. Among the green varieties, one can note the Shater variety with yellow-green fruits.

Fruit size

Among the winter-hardy cherry plum varieties there are both large-fruited, medium-fruited and small-fruited varieties. The weight of ripe fruits can vary, depending on the variety, from 10 to 70 grams :

The large-fruited species include the hybrid variety Globus. Its dark blue fruits with yellow flesh often reach a weight of 100 g. In productive years, the fruits become smaller, but not less than 50-60 g. Trees of the Globus variety are characterized by intensive growth, and therefore require regular pruning.
An example of a mid-fruiting cherry plum variety is the early ripening Shater. When ripe, the fruits weigh 30-40 g, have a sweet and sour taste, a weak aroma, a rich burgundy color with a faint waxy coating. The trees are self-fertile. In the presence of pollinators, up to 40 kg of fruit are removed from the tree per season.
Small-fruited varieties of cherry plum are less popular among gardeners, since their weight does not exceed 20 g. These varieties include Kulturnaya Krasnaya, Gazaphulis Mertskhali, and Golden Autumn.

Maturing period

With regard to the timing of ripening, early-ripening, mid-ripening and late-ripening species are distinguished. For Central Russia, it is recommended to choose early ripening varieties. Once fruiting is complete, the trees will have enough time to recover before the harsh winter.

If desired, you can choose a mid-season or even late-ripening variety if it has good frost resistance.

Early ripening

The fruiting period of early ripening species begins no later than the second half of June. They have medium-sized fruits (35-40 g). Among them :

Semiramis;
Zlato Skifov;
Traveler;
Monomakh;
Pramen;
Comet Early.

Monomakh has medium-sized fruits of a purple hue, weighing up to 25 g, shaped like a Monomakh's cap (round, slightly expanded downwards). They have an excellent taste, dense fibrous pulp with an easily separated pit.

Trees of the Nesmeyana variety bear fruit in the third year of life. In early July, the branches of Nesmeyana hang down under an abundance of round fruits with reddish skin. The weight of each fruit is 25-30 g. The species is self-sterile.

Mid-season

Gardeners who have chosen mid-season varieties for planting will be able to begin harvesting in the tenth of July. All cherry plum varieties that bear fruit in mid-summer are high-yielding, resistant to temperature changes, and produce a stable harvest. Among the classic mid-season species are :

Chuk;
Kuban comet;
Morning.

Trees of the Chuk variety are medium-sized (3-4 meters), self-sterile. If there is a pollinator tree on the site, they annually produce up to 30 kg of large dark purple berries.

The Morning variety is the result of crossing Skorospelka early with Renclaude Ullens. The trees bear fruit consistently and the harvest ripens by mid-July. Each tree produces up to 40 kg of fruits, round in shape and bright yellow in color.

Late ripening

The harvest of late-ripening varieties ripens at the end of summer or beginning of September. The fruits of this species are usually not very large. Late-ripening varieties are recommended to be grown in the southern regions of Russia. But, with normal frost resistance, late-ripening varieties are suitable for cultivation in the Central region of Russia. These varieties include :

Gold autumn;
Moscow Hungarian;
Cleopatra.

Cleopatra is highly fertile.
From an adult tree, in mid-August, from 25 to 40 kg of fruits are round in shape, dark purple in color, with dense pulp with a sweet and sour taste. Fruit weight - 30-35 g. Golden Autumn is a small-fruited variety, but gardeners love it because the berries, ripening by early September, remain on the branches until late autumn without falling off.

Keeping quality

The fruits of young hybrid varieties of cherry plum, suitable for cultivation in the central zone, are distinguished by good transportability and ripen in the sun, being picked in a state of milky ripeness. The most shelf-stable varieties do not lose their marketability and taste for two to three months. These varieties include the following :

Cleopatra;
Zlato Skifov;
Angelina;
Lama.

The best varieties of cherry plum. Sonya

C ort

mid-ripening cherry plums

Description of the variety:
The fruits very large
(average weight - 45 g), round.
The skin is light green, pure yellow when ripe. The stone
is medium in size and does not separate from the pulp.
The pulp
is yellow, medium density, very
juicy, aromatic
. The taste is sweet and sour. The cherry plum variety Soneika is resistant to klyasterosporiosis.

Tasting assessment

– 4.5 points.

You can order the service pruning trees and shrubs (garden pruning) here:

Selection of cherry plum varieties for the Moscow region and neighboring regions, part 2

We bring to your attention the continuation of the article by I.N. Televnoy and E.E. Televnoy summarizing many years of experience in growing plums and cherry plums (Russian plums) in the conditions of the city of Kovrov, Vladimir region.

In the second part of the article, the characteristics of cherry plum Zarya Kuban and GF cherry plum of folk selection from the Far East are given. The article concludes with general recommendations on agricultural technology and plum planting in our region.

Selection of varieties of cherry plum (Russian plum) for the Moscow region and neighboring regions.

Cherry plum is a heat-loving crop, therefore for the Vladimir and almost the entire Moscow region. Most varieties of Russian plums: Zlato Scythians, Chinchuk, Chuk and Gek, Smuglyanka, Traveler, etc. have insufficient winter hardiness.

Specifically, on our plots the following varieties grow and bear fruit: Mara, Alma, Pramen and Podarok St. Petersburg. We regret to note that the above varieties have the following disadvantages:

The gift of S-P is good for everyone, but the fruits are small (14g) and the stone cannot be separated at all;
Mara is an excellent pollinator for all varieties of cherry plum and the fruit ripening period is early September, which makes it possible to consume fresh fruits until September 15-20, but if there is an excess of moisture during the ripening period, the fruits become watery. Apparently it needs a drier climate.
Alma is a rare variety, red-leaved, very decorative throughout the growing season. Used in landscape design as a tapeworm (height 2.5-3 m). Fruits of good taste are a pleasant difference from most red-leaved varieties and forms of cherry plum. There is also a small drawback: the yield of the variety is only average, but based on the totality of all factors, it is our favorite!;
Pramen is a stable, productive variety, golden fruits of good quality, the tree is not tall and compact, but the fruits are a little small at 18-20 g - I would like them to be larger...

The search for varieties devoid of these shortcomings culminated in the acquisition in 2001 of two seedlings in the Far East: “Zarya Kubani” and GF (hybrid form) cherry plum of folk selection, which grow successfully here to this day.

Zarya Kuban is a compact tree (2.5 m) and is a winning addition to landscape design. It is distinguished by its great resistance to diseases and pests, as well as the high taste qualities of its elegant 40-gram fruits. Even annual seedlings on a properly selected rootstock withstood frost of -37 degrees.

In 2014 when all stone fruits lost not only the flower buds, but also most of the vegetative buds, Zarya Kuban pleased us with a good harvest - 2 buckets of excellent fruits from a 2-meter tree! Our 15 years of experience allows us to recommend this variety for the entire Moscow region, right up to the southern regions of Tver and other regions.

Dawn of Kuban. Photo by I.N. Televny

The cherry plum of folk selection, which we would like to introduce you to, has a number of advantages: a low (about 2 m) tree with a spreading crown, the fruits are beautiful, tasty, juicy, aromatic and very large (up to 65g)! Winter hardiness is only 3-5 degrees. lower than that of Zarya Kuban. Over 15 years of observations, there was moderate freezing of wood in 2005 and 2010. (frosts of -37C), and in 2014 Only the flower buds were damaged. This GF cherry plum people. selections with minimal risk can be planted in the central part of the Moscow region, and in the south of the region. it will grow without any problems at all.

Cherry plum of folk selection. Photo by I.N. Televny

These “Far Eastern plants” begin to bear fruit 2-3 years after grafting, and the harvest in our region ripens in the 20th of July!

We didn't have to look for a rootstock for cherry plum. All these years we have been grafting cherry plum onto Ussuri plum (as they do in the Far East) and have never regretted it due to their genetic (16 chromosomes each) compatibility.

Many people are afraid of the root growth of the Ussuri plum. It is a myth! If there is no damage, there is no growth!

The recipe is simple:

plant on a mound so that the roots and neck do not get wet
in the tree trunk circle, do not dig deep so as not to cut the roots
before winter, thoroughly whiten the standard

The Ussuri plum grows well in acidic soils, is responsive to fertilizing with organic fertilizers, and does not mind snowless winters with extreme frosts. If you have loam or sandy soils, feel free to plant cherry plum grafted onto Ussuri - this is what it needs!

Our agricultural technology for growing cherry plums and plums.

Care for the listed varieties of plum and cherry plum (Russian plum) is the same as for domestic plum:

before the buds open, spray with a 3% solution of copper sulfate;
a “white cone” has appeared - “SKOR” comes to our aid;
during flowering – one-time treatment with the preparation “CHORUS”;
2 weeks after flowering, apply “Abiga-Pik” once.

From pests: before the buds open, we use “Aktelik”, “Decis”, etc.

For aphids: “Kinmiks” or a solution of laundry soap (grate 1 piece of 200g and dilute in 1 bucket of warm water) - very effective and absolutely harmless for all garden inhabitants except aphids.

We also use fertilizers for mature trees:

in the spring after the last snow - urea 30 g per sq. m. m.;
mandatory watering immediately after flowering: hose on the ground and no splashing - otherwise mass moniliosis is guaranteed;
at the stage of 3-5 leaves - foliar feeding with zinc sulfate (4 g per 8 liters of water);
in June we give humus: 0.5 buckets per square meter. m. trunk circle;
from August phosphorus, potash fertilizers, ash; We stop watering for good ripening of annual growths.

At the heart of our 20 years of work was the desire to make the life of a gardener easier. I don’t want to waste years of my life on “dummies and well-promoted branded varieties with dubious qualities.” Why be needlessly disappointed? We propose, using our experience, to initially lay the foundation of your garden, located in conditions similar to ours, with stone fruit varieties that have proven themselves well in the rather harsh conditions of the Vladimir region.

conclusions

We have gone through this long and difficult path and identified plum varieties, cherry plums and rootstocks that are truly reliable for our region and worthy of attention, studied the growth characteristics and now we have the courage to recommend the following varieties:

for the more northern regions of our strip: Skoroplodnaya, Krasny Shar, Khabarovskaya rannyaya, Krasnomyasaya (all on Vengerka Pulkovskaya), cherry plums: Zarya Kuban, Pramen, Gift to St. Petersburg (all on Ussuriysk plum).
for the central part of the Moscow region, especially areas with a humid microclimate, this list can be supplemented with Svetlana Primorskaya (grafted on Hungarian Pulkovo) and cherry plum: GF folk selection, Tsarskaya, Mara, Alma (grafted on Ussuri).
for the south of the Moscow region. To all these varieties you can add Scythian Gold (also in Ussuri).

If you are a passionate person who does not have the opportunity to often and for a long time tinker in the garden, and the need to obtain your own abundant and annual harvests of environmentally friendly, elegant and tasty fruits of cherries, plums, cherry plums, apricots and their processed products: compotes, jam and jam has become urgent - this article is just for you. We hope that the information provided will help you, save years of your life, health, strength and stop the endless series of replanting and replacing some “useless” seedlings with others... the same ones that do not want to bear fruit or overwinter in the conditions of our region.

The garden needs to be planted once, but wisely.

Plant good and proven things - make yourself, your family and friends happy!

Ilya and Elena Televny, full members of MOIP.

Kovrov, Vladimir region.