Features of growing plums in the Urals

• Main characteristics
• Features of the tree
• Fetal characteristics
• Rules for planting and growing
• Care
• Diseases and pests
• Conclusion

There are a large number of varieties whose fertility is not affected by changes in temperature. One of these species is the Pride of the Urals plum. Thanks to its resistance to frost, including in April, it demonstrates high yields.

Main characteristics

The tasty plum variety Pride of the Urals was bred in Russia in 1954. To create it, the plum variety Zhemchuzhina was artificially pollinated. 2 years after breeding, the new variety was included in the State Register and zoned for Siberia, the Caucasus and the Urals.

The plum variety in question is considered resistant to temperatures ranging from -40 °C to +38 °C. If frost hits in the spring, when the ovaries begin to form, then nothing bad will happen. The harvest will still be high (up to 35 kg from 1 tree).

The description indicates that the plum variety Pride of the Urals is a self-sterile crop, i.e., for better yields, it is necessary to plant other varieties nearby that have similar properties to it.

This variety ripens in 120 days, i.e. the growing season is average. Harvest occurs at the beginning of August. The plant begins to bear fruit 4 years after planting.

Features of the tree

The description indicates that the maximum height of the tree is 4 m. It does not require crown trimming and makes it easier to care for. The crown is characterized by a narrow pyramidal shape and medium density. There are large cylindrical buds that are covered with a brown film. The shoots are mostly annual. Large ovaries and inflorescences consisting of 5 white flowers are formed on them annually. Sometimes there are small orange spots on the petals of the flower. The main bark is gray-brown, and the bark of the side shoots is light brown.

The leaf plate of the tree is large, up to 6 cm in length. There are small teeth along the edges. In extreme heat, they begin to curl, taking on a boat shape. The surface of the sheet is glossy, with a dense layer of waxy coating. The main foliage color is dark green.

Fetal characteristics

Based on the description of the fruit, the following parameters are noted:

• the average diameter of the fruit is 4 cm, and the weight is up to 13 g;
• oval shape;
• the peel is dense, covered with a waxy coating;
• the skin is reddish in color.

The pulp is soft yellow, with large fibers. The fruit contains vitamins C, which are beneficial for humans and increase immunity. The product tastes sweet and sour and is ideal for universal use.

Preparing for landing

First, decide when to plant - in spring or autumn, and then select the timing of the preparatory work. It is better to do them in six months to a year; the more time passes, the better. Remember simple recommendations:

1. Choose a location. It should be well lit and protected from cold winds. Slight shading during the day is allowed.
2. The distance to the fence or buildings is from 3 meters, and it is better to place them on the western or southern side of the buildings. For column-shaped options, it is possible to reduce the indentation, but at the same time it is necessary to provide the crown with normal lighting. Leave between 2 and 4 meters between trees, it all depends on the size of the crown.
3. The depth of groundwater is no less than 1.5 m, and ideally 2 m or more. You should not place a plum tree where there is water in the spring or the level of moisture in the soil increases very much.
4. Dig a hole about 80 cm deep, with a diameter of 70 cm to 1 m. Prepare a nutrient mixture of peat, humus and black soil in equal parts. Add complex fertilizer for fruit crops and fill it to ¾ of the volume. Cover the top with soil from the garden, make a small mound, the surface will still sag.
5. If a hole appears in the prepared area within a month, add more soil to level the surface. Leave it for six months to a year, that is, when planting in the fall, carry out the work in the spring and vice versa.

Advice!

If the groundwater in the area is high, then instead of a hole, prepare a hill approximately 50 cm high and 2 m in diameter. Plant the tree in it, then the moisture will not damage the roots.

You should not place the crop close to berry gardens and other fruit trees, as the plants will compete and take away food from each other. The only neighbors with which plums get along well are apple trees.

Rules for planting and growing

The plum variety Pride of the Urals needs a high-quality planting site. It should be located on a hill so that groundwater does not disturb the structure of the root system. This will protect the roots from excessive amounts of moisture that forms during the thaw.

The soil required is light, nutritious - black soil or loamy soil. If you plant in clay or sandy soils, then they need to be fed with organic matter - 10 kg of humus, 200 g of superphosphate and 2 kg of peat per 1 sq. m. m. This will increase soil fertility and extend the life of the plant.

In the fall, the process of preparing the site begins. As you dig up the entire area, remove all weeds and stones. They do not allow roots to grow. After this, begin preparing the planting hole.

Its dimensions should be 60x80 cm. A small amount of humus is poured inside - up to 3 kg. At the end of February, when the humus is absorbed and settles, it is covered with a layer of soil (embankment height up to 25 cm).

You need to choose a seedling carefully, because... The quality of the harvest depends on this. Healthy annual specimens that have been grafted with cuttings are suitable for planting. They should not show any disease or damage. The roots should be elastic.

In the spring, in mid-March, they begin planting:

• a seedling is placed inside the hole;
• a support is buried nearby, to which the tree is tied;
• the roots are evenly sprinkled with soil and watered with 20 liters of warm water;
• the distance between plants should be 2-4 m.

LiveInternetLiveInternet

Quote from Triinochka's message

Read in full In your quotation book or community!
Plum in the Urals. Frost-resistant varieties

This year I planted several fruit trees, including a plum. The weather got colder and snow fell along with it. There were sub-zero temperatures at night. Every gardener and summer resident worries about his plantings, including me. I found a useful article for residents of the Urals, maybe it will be useful to someone else.

The plum cultivated in the Urals has a short dormant period, provoked by thaws, and as a result, warming often occurs. The early flowering of Ussuri plums also makes them vulnerable to returning spring colds. Plum blossoms in the Urals begin on May 10-15. Flowers of local varieties can withstand frosts down to -3°C, but a further drop in temperature to -5-7°C completely destroys the crop. Most of the Ural varieties of plums are self-sterile, so in the garden you need to grow 2-3 varieties with coinciding flowering periods.

The bulk of the plum roots are located in a soil layer of 25-30 cm, deeper on light soils. As the roots grow, they move into deeper horizons. The breed is characterized by a horizontal arrangement of roots that extend far beyond the crown, so the plum is not drought-resistant enough. In the absence of rain, it needs watering once a week (you can wet the root layer up to 35 cm).

Landing. In order for the plum to bear fruit well, for planting it you need to choose a well-lit place, covered on the north-west side by taller plants. If the soil on the site is heavy, then sand is added to the planting hole, mixing it to 1/3 of the volume of the planting hole with soil and fertilizers. The norm of fertilizers when planting is 2 buckets of humus, 250 g of superphosphate and 150 g of potassium salt per planting site. All this is mixed with the ground and placed in the lower third of the planting hole. Then the remaining fertile soil is mixed with sand, a mound is poured and a seedling is planted along the upper edge of the planting board. After watering and the soil settling, the tree trunk circle is mulched with a bucket of humus. The fertilizers placed in the planting hole will be enough for 3-4 years, that is, just before fruiting. Subsequent application of fertilizers is carried out in the general garden care system in moderate quantities: 8 g of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers and 3 kg of humus mulch per 1 m2 of crown projection. Planting is best done in autumn or spring, before the buds open. But summer planting of seedlings in a container is most successful.

In the winter, it is useful to place moss at the base of the stem, which prevents the bark from warming up near the root collar.

Trimming. In the first years of life, to maintain the subordination of the branches, small formative pruning is carried out, and dried and broken branches are also removed. After 8-10 years, they begin shortening pruning for the purpose of rejuvenation, and the annual rate of fertilizer application is doubled.

Harvesting. Harvesting begins 3-4 days before the fruits are fully ripened, avoiding their shedding. During storage, they will quickly ripen and will remain shelf-stable for 7-10 days.

Pests and diseases. During the growing season, the plum aphid, the most widespread harmful insect in Ural gardens, becomes a particularly dangerous pest. It differs from other types of aphids in its light green emerald color. The plum aphid lays small black eggs in the fall at the base of the buds at the ends of annual shoots. In early spring, when young leaves emerge from the opening buds, aphid larvae emerge from the eggs. They feed on juices from the tissues of the undersides of leaves, as well as from tender shoots that begin to grow. The affected leaves curl up and the trees gradually begin to dry out.

An effective means of control is spraying in the spring, before bud break and during bud break, with Inta-Vir or Decis.

Chelyabinsk varieties

Of the 30 types of plums growing on Earth, only four are important for the Urals: Ussuri - the most cold-resistant in the world, Canadian, sloe and cherry plum. In our weather conditions, Ussuri plums are most successfully cultivated. Canadian plums are common in the steppe zone of Western Siberia.

A study of the wide variety of diploid plums showed that there are highly frost-resistant varieties and forms, but they are sensitive to thaws, especially during the period of forced dormancy from January to March. Varieties and forms of domestic plums and large-fruited sloe turned out to be not frost-resistant in our region.

At the South Ural Research Institute of Horticulture and Potato Growing, Canadian plum and cherry plum were involved in breeding for the first time. A hybrid of Canadian and Ussuri plums, as well as new varieties with Pissard cherry plum, have been obtained and released.

Uvelskaya. The variety was bred by K.K. Mullayanov. Tree 3-3.5 m high, 3 m in diameter. The crown is round, of medium density, spreading. The variety is self-fertile and not demanding of pollinators. Pollinated by most varieties of Ussuri plum. The variety is weakly affected by cleasteporiosis and aphids. The fruits are dark red, elongated-ovoid, medium in size, weighing 13-15 g. The pulp is pale yellow, fine-fibrous, juicy, with a sweet-sour taste.

Aylinskaya. Removed by K.K. Mullayanov and others. Tree up to 2.5 m tall, round-conical crown, more dense than that of Shershnevskaya. Winter hardiness is good, yield is 10-15 kg per tree. Fruits of the Manchurian prune type, dark purple, elongated ovoid. Ripen on August 10-15, 5-8 days earlier than the Zheltaya Khopty variety, weight 10-15 g. The pulp is creamy, sweet and sour taste with a score of 4 points.

Shershnevskaya. Removed by K.K. Mullayanov and others. The tree is medium-sized, with a round-oval, medium-dense crown, good winter hardiness. Productivity 10-20 kg per tree. The fruits are dark red, average weight 13-15 g, ripen in the third decade of August, can be stored for 5-7 days under normal conditions without losing their presentation. The pulp is creamy-green, sweet and sour. Taste 4-4.5 points. The pit is free, the skin is not bitter.

Krasnoselskaya. Removed by K.K. Mullayanov. The tree is 2.5 m high, healthy, strong, without visible signs of freezing. The crown is wide, spreading, 3.5 m in diameter. The average yield is 20 kg/tree. Aphids and cluster sporiosis are weakly affected. The skin is elastic, does not taste bitter, and peels off. The taste is sweet and sour, 4 points.

Snow White. Removed by K.K. Mullayanov. The tree is 2.5 m high, the crown is spreading with a diameter of up to 4 m. The variety withstood the frost of -40°C on November 28, 1998 without noticeable damage and bore fruit well in 1999 - up to 20 kg/tree, growth was good, up to 50 cm. The fruits begin to ripen in the second ten days of August, yellow, with a good waxy coating, which gives the skin a delicate, white color, for which it is called Snow White. Fruit taste 4.6 points.

The pride of the Urals. The variety was bred by K.K. Mullayanov from seedlings of the Shershnevskaya variety. Tree up to 3 m high, with a free, non-thickening crown, frost-resistant, productive (15 kg/tree). Resistant to diseases and pests. The fruits have an original elongated oval shape, weighing up to 15 g, red with an orange blush. The fruit pulp is pale yellow, fine-grained, juicy, pleasantly sweet (4.5 points). The bone separates well. It blooms simultaneously with Ussuri plums and is pollinated by them.

Uyskaya. Obtained from the seeds of Zheltaya Khopta, where the pollinator was the Shershnevskaya plum. Removed by K.K. Mullayanov and A.E. Pankratova. Before grafting, Yellow Khopta cuttings were exposed to supermutagens, and seeds were obtained from these grafts. The tree is medium-sized - 2.5 m. The crown is medium dense, spreading. The fruits are dark red, round, large, with an average weight of 26.7 g. Good taste. Ripen in the second half of August. Weakly resistant to aphids and requires timely treatments. The main advantage of the variety is its large fruit.

Kuyashskaya. The variety was bred by K.K. Mullayanov and A.E. Pankratova. Tree 3 m high, highly winter-hardy, crown of medium density. The fruits are red, large (38x38x34 mm), with an average weight of 23 g, the skin of the fruit is smooth, with a strong waxy coating. The pulp is yellow, granular-fibrous, juicy, with good sweet and sour taste (4.5 points). The skin of the fruit is thick, sour-tart, without bitterness, and can be easily removed. The stone is fused with the pulp, large. It blooms simultaneously with the main varieties of Ussuri plum and is pollinated by them.

Ural red. Removed by K.K. Mullayanov. A tree 3 m high. The crown is wide, spreading. Frost resistance is good. Productivity 20 kg/tree. The fruits are oval, weighing 15 g. The color of the fruit is dark red. The pulp is light yellow, fine-fibrous, juicy. It blooms simultaneously with the main Ussuri varieties and is pollinated by them.

Ural yellow. The variety was bred in K.K. Mullayanov. A spreading bush 2.5 m high. The branches are erect. Frost resistance is good. Productivity 10-15 kg/tree. The fruit is yellow, round, weighing 16 g. The waxy coating is weak. The pulp is yellow, slightly fibrous, sweet, taste - 4.5 points. Ripens in early August. The skin is thin, elastic, and does not taste bitter. The bone separates well and is small. It blooms simultaneously with the main varieties of Ussuri-Chinese plum and is pollinated by them.

Ural prunes. Removed by K.K. Mullayanov. Tree up to 2 m high. The crown is wide and spreading. Frost resistance is good, yield 15 kg/tree. and more. The fruits are elongated-oval, weight 13-15 g. The skin is elastic, of medium thickness, detachable. The pulp is creamy, sweetish, slightly tart, fine-grained, medium-dense, weak juiciness. The bone is separated. Taste - 4 points. It blooms simultaneously with Ussuri plums and is pollinated by them.

Ural golden. The variety was bred by F.M. Gasimov and K.K. Mullayanov in 2002. The tree is of medium vigor, spreading, and has winter-hardy fruit buds. The yield is high, annual, the fruits ripen in the middle period. Weight - 15-17 g. Fruit pulp is yellow, sweet and sour, 4.5 points. The variety is resistant to cluster sporiosis and aphids. Suitable for fresh consumption and canning.

Included in the State Register of selection achievements approved for use.

Pearl of the Urals. The variety was bred by F.M. Gasimov and K.K. Mullayanov in 2005. The tree is 3.5 m high, spreading, of medium density, healthy, without visible signs of freezing and damage by pests and diseases. Average yield 18.3 kg/tree. The fruit is round, average weight 25 g. The main color is green, the outer color is red. The waxy coating is average. The skin is thin and elastic. The pulp is yellow, fine-fiber, juicy, sweet and sour taste with a characteristic aroma, score 4.5 points. It blooms simultaneously with the main Ussuri plum varieties. Submitted for state variety testing in 2005.

Chebarkulskaya. The variety was bred by F.M. Gasimov and K.K. Mullayanov in 2007. The tree is 3-3.5 m high, the crown is medium spreading, with a diameter of 3.5 m. The tree is healthy, without visible signs of freezing and damage by pests and diseases. The average yield is 14-15 kg/tree. The fruits are beautiful dark blue in color, large, round, with a medium waxy coating. Weight 25-30 g. The pulp is yellow-green, fine-fibre, sweet and sour with a taste rating of 4.7 points. Separability of the stone from the pulp is average. It blooms simultaneously with the main Ussuri plum varieties. Transferred to State Survey in 2007

Early cherry plum. Selected by F.M. Gasimov and K.K. Mullayanov in 2005. Sprawling bush 2.5 m high. Frost resistance is good. Productivity - 20-25 kg/tree. The fruits are yellow, turning red when ripe, average weight 12 g. The pulp is yellow, fine-grained, slightly fibrous, sweet - almost without acid, taste - 4.5 points. The fruits ripen in mid-July.

Firudin GASYMOV,

head laboratory of selection and technology of fruit crops YuUNIIPOK

Care

The tasty and popular plum variety Pride of the Urals is undemanding in care. It should be watered no more than once a month, using 50 liters of water per plant. It should be warm so that the tree takes root faster. After watering, you need to remove all weeds and loosen the top layer of soil to a depth of 8 cm.

Fertilizers should consist of both organic and mineral elements. In the spring, before the ovaries begin to form, it is necessary to pour 20 liters of ammonium nitrate solution (20 g per 10 liters of water) under the plant. As soon as the ovaries are formed, 5 kg of urea and humus are poured under the root.

In summer, for a better taste of the fruits, water the trees with 20 liters of potassium nitrate solution (40 g per 10 liters of water). To protect the plant from severe frosts, in the fall you need to mulch the root part of the plant with 5 kg of humus and 3 kg of straw, and then water it with 15 liters of superphosphate solution (50 g per 6 liters of water).

Basic principles of agricultural technology

You should not buy plums of northern varieties from random sellers - only in a nursery. This will help to avoid mistakes and will not allow you to purchase a tree that is not zoned to the Ural region. It is better to take a tree that is two to three years old and has a well-developed root system.

Pear for the Urals: the best varieties

In order for the tree to take root well and bear fruit, planting must be thoughtful. First you need to find a suitable place: a slope in the southwestern part of the garden plot or on its southern side. It is worth avoiding places where water often stagnates - if water is close or present, the roots of the tree will begin to freeze and rot.

The tree is planted in a planting hole, which is dug approximately 0.7 by 0.8 m in size, mixing the fertile soil layer with compost, ash and superphosphate. Northern varieties are not planted in the fall, only in the spring.

Important! Do not bury the seedling too deeply into the ground. The root collar should always be slightly higher than the ground (about 7-8 cm).

It is worth placing a small peg next to the seedling so that the young plant has support. The planted tree is watered abundantly at the rate of one or two buckets of water per plant. After watering, the tree trunk circle should be well mulched. During the growth process, the plant is watered carefully so that excess moisture does not cause the root system to become wet and damp, and also does not provoke excessive growth of shoots. Usually they water abundantly only in spring and early summer, then at the moment the fruits ripen, and mulch the ground each time. But in August you should stop watering.

During growth and fruit formation, the seedling feeds on nutrients extracted from the soil. He needs to be helped by applying fertilizers in a timely manner. Care consists of proper feeding with organic matter (rotted manure), potassium salt and superphosphate. Ammonium nitrate is also added in spring.

Timely pruning will prevent thickening of the tree crown. Sanitary pruning is carried out to cut out old or damaged branches after winter. The beautiful appearance of the crown is achieved by formative pruning. Finally, there is anti-aging pruning - it is needed for trees older than five years.

Pruning plum branches

The peculiarity of preparing for winter in cold areas is that the tree is often tilted to the ground to protect it from wind and temperature changes. In this case, it is cut in a specific way, tilted and the shoots are pinned to the ground. Next they cover it with snow. But this cannot be done with all species. Usually, to preserve the plant, the trunks are covered with whitewash for the winter and covered with spruce branches.

Preventing the occurrence of diseases and pests on garden crops is another concern of the gardener. Plum trees can be damaged by sawflies and aphids. You should constantly inspect and destroy pests. Bordeaux mixture is very helpful in combating them. There are many folk ways to protect plants from garden pests and diseases.

Thus, even in unfavorable areas, including Siberia and the Urals, it is possible to grow full-fledged and productive varieties. Of course, agricultural technology here will be a little more complicated than in the southern regions, but for diligence and care, the plum will repay you a hundredfold with an abundant and tasty harvest.

0 0 votes

Article rating

Diseases and pests

The most common pests are aphids, flea beetles and codling moths.

1. A solution of “Oxychom” (20 g per 10 liters of water) or “Khomus” (50 g per 4 liters of water) helps to get rid of aphids and fleas.
2. A solution of manganese (30 g per 10 liters of water) is used against the codling moth. Spraying is carried out at intervals of 20 days.

Common diseases include powdery mildew, root rot, hole spot and fruit rot. A solution of colloidal salt (50 g per 10 liters of water) helps to get rid of powdery mildew. For fruit rot - Bordeaux mixture (70 g per 5 liters of water). Acyclovir solution (30 g per 6 liters of water) will help prevent perforated spotting.

Root rot cannot be cured. The entire plant will have to be removed, and the area where it grows will have to be treated with a manganese solution (5 g per 10 liters of water). Prevention consists of spraying with copper sulfate (60 g per 5 liters of water). Spraying is carried out at intervals of 30 days.

How to care

Planting and care in the first year are very important. The seedling is not yet strong and requires special attention. To grow a healthy tree you need to follow a few simple recommendations:

1. The plum is watered only if there is no rainfall for a long time. This should be done no more than twice a month, pouring out 20-30 liters. After work, be sure to loosen the surface.
2. It is advisable to mulch the tree trunk circle. To do this, use sawdust, straw, mown grass, and dried weeds. In this case, you will not have to loosen the soil and remove weeds; after each watering, it is advisable to stir up the cover or add a new layer.
3. There is no need to apply fertilizers in the first year; there are enough nutrients in the soil. It is enough to feed once every 2-3 years, use rotted manure or ready-made mineral complexes for fruit trees.
4. Trim shoots six months after planting. To do this, choose the option of forming a crown in order to remove everything unnecessary. Also inspect the branches, remove damaged and dry parts.

5. As a preventive measure, protection against diseases and pests, spray plums in spring and autumn. Use a solution of copper sulfate or Bordeaux mixture, prepare strictly according to the instructions, do not violate the proportions. Treat not only the tree, but also the ground underneath it.
6. In the first year, cover for the winter. To do this, it is best to first wrap the trunk and branches with burlap in several layers. Then cover it with spruce branches and secure it with twine; it will not only insulate, but also repel rodents.

Advice!

Whiten the trunk and the lower part of the skeletal branches in autumn and spring. This will destroy pests, their egg-laying, and protect against sunburn in the spring.

Often before winter, autumn fertilizing with mineral fertilizers is carried out, apply strictly according to the description on the package, and do not violate the dosage. Immediately after the onset of heat, remove the shelter so that the bark does not begin to rot.