Grapes Timur: description of the variety, main characteristics of the bush and vine

Gardeners are always in search of the most productive and delicious grape varieties. It is difficult to make the right choice among the wide variety of old and new hybrids. Timur grapes are a well-tested variety. It produces consistently high yields, adapts perfectly to different climatic conditions and is not afraid of most species diseases. This grape is endowed with unusual resistance and excellent immunity. Timur can be found in garden plots in all corners of the country where this heat-loving plant is cultivated.

History of selection

It is no coincidence that the leading center for the selection of new hybrid forms of grapes is located in the historical viticulture zone of Russia.

VNIIViV named after. Potapenko has existed in Novocherkassk since 1936 and during this time has registered more than 50 varieties of this crop in the State Register, 21 of its own selection. Among them, Harold, Red Delight, Zhemchug and Denisovsky are famous.

The goal of the research institute - to promote grapes to the northern regions - is being successfully achieved: Yekaterinburg and Vyatka have become the borders of cultivation today.

Another variety resistant to Russian winters is “Timur”. And it received its name as recognition of its unique qualities: invulnerability to frost and putrefactive diseases, because translated from Turkic it means “Iron”.

The crossbreeding process was based on two popular table varieties, distinguished by their extraordinary taste and agrotechnical characteristics:

Moldovan grapes of the muscat group “Frumoasa Albe” (“White Beauty”), which has a tasting score of 8.2 points.
The variety is unprecedentedly resistant to diseases and low temperatures. The consumer quality of heavy clusters and significant regular yield are another motive for selecting “Frumoas Albe” as a parent pair.
Only Beauty of the North, Super Extra and Arched can boast the same resistance to minus.
Table grapes Delight - proven success of Novocherkassk selection over the years.
He slowly developed territories atypical for viticulture: Belarus, the Baltic states, Siberia, the Far East.
In terms of sugar accumulation and the heaviness of the cluster, it is superior to “White Beauty”, is perfectly stored on the bush after ripening and retains its presentation longer than the Moldavian variety.

The exceptional ability of the parent plants to create perennial wood and excellent rooting ability is another advantage perceived by the new hybrid form, called “Timur”.

In the Middle Ages, monks grew vines indoors in monasteries. In the 18th century, grape greenhouses were built on the banks of the Moscow River by the breeder Demidov. And before the creation of VNIViV, breeding work was carried out only in Odessa.

Agricultural technology

It is not difficult to grow Timur: the grapes take root well, grow quickly, and begin to bear fruit in a couple of years. But in order for the clusters and berries to be large, the fruits to contain a lot of sugar and have a pleasant taste, the winegrower will have to work hard, since the Timur variety is quite demanding in terms of soil composition, pruning and standardization, it needs the prevention of certain diseases and pests.

Planting grapes

There are several ways to grow Timur grapes on your own plot:

using grafted seedlings;
grafting Timur's cuttings onto the roots of other varieties;
growing a bush from branches;
sowing and germination of grape seeds.

The best results are achieved by those who graft cuttings onto the roots of other, taller and less demanding varieties. Thanks to this method, you can get rid of Timur’s main shortcomings: demands on the soil and the diminutiveness of the bush. There will be more fruit shoots, they will be more powerful - the grape yield will increase significantly.

It is customary to graft green cuttings and seedlings in the spring to protect them from winter frosts and autumn cold. It is better to plant grapes with their roots in the fall, because at this time there is more moisture and nutrients in the soil - the bushes take root better and grow faster.

Grapes need to be grafted in early spring, before the juice begins to flow. But plants are planted with roots later, when the air temperature has stabilized. The optimal time for planting grape seedlings: from mid-April to mid-July or from the second half of September to the end of October (depending on the climate in the region).

For Timur grapes, you need to find a place where:

there will be no shadow, but there will be protection from the wind;
on the south side of the house or fence;
between other buildings, vigorous plants and Timur, an interval of 3-4 meters will remain;
the soil will be loose, nutritious, and will be able to drain moisture well.

Important care rules

Probably Timur grapes require even more careful care than most other varieties. For normal development and active fruiting, this grape needs the following:

Mandatory watering in the periods before the vines bloom and in the phase of berry formation. If the summer in the region is dry, you need to water even more often. Lack of moisture leads to a decrease in yield and smaller berries. It is advisable to mulch the ground around the trunk. For this, sawdust or moss is usually used. It is necessary to prune Timur twice a year, leaving about 10-12 eyes on each shoot.

It is also very important to standardize the bunches: the usual load on a bush is 25-30 buds. Experienced winegrowers recommend not leaving more than 20 fruit buds on Timur’s bushes - this way the clusters will be much larger

Regardless of the size of the bush and its age, the Timur variety must be covered for the winter. The best way is to bend the vine to the ground, when the trunk is tied and laid on sawdust or spruce branches, and then sprinkled with soil or snow. You need to feed the grapes regularly (at least twice a year). Both mineral and organic fertilizers are suitable for this, but it is advisable not to overdo it with nitrogen.

Every year the bushes are treated with preventative agents. This is done before the vine blooms and immediately after flowering.

These recommendations should not be neglected, because the Timur variety is very sensitive to lack of attention from the winegrower: already limited harvests risk becoming scarce or disappearing altogether.

Advantages and disadvantages

The new hybrid inherited from eminent parents:

ability to self-pollinate (bisexual flower);
universal compatibility with rootstocks;
early dates of entry into the productive phase (2nd year);
early ripening (within 100 days);
active fruiting;
solid heaviness of the correct shape of the hand;
large, dense, oval-shaped berries with a refined nutmeg aroma;
thin, easily bitten skin;
sugar content exceeding parental standards (25%);
assessment of resistance to putrefactive spores at 2.2 points;
frost resistance indicator within -25°C.

As for the high sugar content, Angelica, Krasa Nikopolya and Lydia have the same symptom.

The disadvantages of the Timur grape variety include:

low growing bush;
demands on soil composition and fertilizing;
needs rationing.

The bisexuality of a grape flower is a quality acquired in the process of many years of selective selection. This type of flower guarantees stability of pollination and, as a result, the yield.

Amirkhan, Khusayne Bely and Vityaz also have bisexual flowers.

Characteristic

Timur grapes received many positive qualities from his parents.

Description and cultivation of Furor grapes, pros and cons and characteristicsRead

Ripening time

The main property of the hybrid is the early ripening of the vine. The white variety of the crop ripens after 110 days, the pink variety a week later.

If the variety is used as a scion for strong types of berry crops, then the ripening time is slightly extended. Timur is distinguished by high yields - up to 20 kilograms or more from one bush with proper formation of the vine and careful care.

Peculiarities

In addition to early ripening, the variety has:

excellent survival rate;
average resistance to infections - mildew, oidium;
excellent presentation of grape bunches;
resistance to transport.

Large harvests of berries must be removed from the bush in time, otherwise they may dry out. The downside of the culture is the weak growth of the vine. On poor and wet lands, grapes become tasteless and watery.

Frost resistance

One of the advantages of Timur grapes is its ability to tolerate persistently low temperatures in winter. The vine does not freeze even during frosts of 25 degrees. Low bushes must be covered in areas located in the north. They are placed in grooves before the onset of frost, in October-November.

Photo

Grape variety "Timur" photo:

Description of the grape variety "Timur"

The bush is powerful (up to 3 meters), with a large number of strong shoots, taking a total load of 40 buds. Characterized by:
early end of the vegetative cycle (by mid-August);
high efficiency of fruitful shoots (70%);
resistance to fungal diseases, which corresponds to 2.2 points.
The shoots are strong, capable of ripening 1-2 clusters; aimed at a decorative support can become a decoration of landscape design.
The flower is hermaphrodite, collected in a raceme.
The leaf is dark green, five-lobed with deep slots and teeth along the edge.
The bunch is loose, cylindrical in shape, on a medium-sized comb. The mass of the brush is large (on average 800 g)
The elongated large berries are heterogeneous in color in the cluster: they are all shades of pink, even purple. The skin is thicker than the parent variety, but edible. Sugar content is higher. Taste qualities are determined by 8.2 points.
The hybrid is still under study, so frost resistance and vulnerability to fungal diseases are determined by the parents as high.
The transportability of fruits is average.

The pink color of the berries is given by a substance present in the skin - anthocyanin. It helps our body fight inflammation, oxidative damage to blood vessels, and even cancer cells.

Pink varieties include Pink Flamingo, Anyuta and Arcadia.

Grapes in the daily diet are the key to a healthy diet.

Table varieties, such as Timur , are extremely convenient for fresh consumption:

the berry is large and juicy, without excessive acidity;
the skin is tender and easy to bite through;
The grains are small and in small quantities (2-3).

Landing

Grapes can be planted in spring or mid-autumn, before the arrival of cold weather. In cold northern regions, planting is best done in early October. The shrub can grow in different soils.

High yields are possible only on light, loose and fertile soil.

Liana reproduces in several ways:

seedlings;
cuttings;
seeds;
bends.

The seedlings are grafted. A hole with drainage and soil with the addition of fertilizers is prepared in advance for them. All layers must settle and only then can you begin planting. A support is installed in the middle of the pit. The roots of the plant are lowered to an average depth.

The location of the root collar should be above the soil layer. After falling asleep, everything is watered abundantly and tied to a support. If necessary, add soil; it can be diluted with rotted sawdust.

Cuttings are harvested in the fall. At the same time they are vaccinated. Until the spring heat, they need to be stored in certain conditions - under sand in a cool room at a temperature of at least +12 degrees. There should be no more than 2-3 eyes on the cuttings.

Rules and stages of grafting cuttings:

The lower part is cut on both sides and kept in water.
It is better to wax the upper part, the eyes.
The old bush is removed, leaving a smooth and even stump up to 10 centimeters high (it must be clean).
A shallow split is made in the rootstock.
The prepared cutting is placed into the split with the cut part.
More than 1 cutting can be grafted into a wide split.
The rootstock is pulled together with a thick cloth, smeared with softened clay and watered generously.
The soil around it is mulched, and a peg is driven in nearby for future support.

Planted in the fall, they may die due to severe frosts. But in autumn there is a much larger selection of seedlings, and the soil is very saturated with moisture.

The place where the bush will grow well and bear fruit abundantly should not be shaded by other plantings or buildings. The Timur variety loves spacious sunny places, protected from drafts and strong winds. Liana grows well in elevated places. The optimal distance between planted bushes is 1 meter. Between rows - from 1.5 to 2.5 meters.

Subspecies of grapes

White

Grapes "Timur" variety description. In general, as a plant, the variety is characterized by low growth vigor, frost resistance, early ripening and stable fruiting.

The small growth of the bush determines the specific approach to its planting - away from tall fellows that can clog the plant, shading or braiding it with their shoots.
Young shoots are quickly involved in the fruiting process and are able to grow up to 3 bunches to full maturity (efficiency is 95%).
The flower is small, light green, with a female organ - the pistil, and a male organ - the stamens, which are raised above the ovary.
The leaf is not very large, not very cut, wrinkled, without any special differences on the reverse side.
The clusters are dense or moderately loose, elongated, with elongated berries of different sizes; bunch weight up to 600 g; in the third year of life, with rationing, they can reach 2 kg.
The berries are large (up to 8g), white-green or yellow-green in the ripe phase, with edible skin and a noticeable nutmeg taste; not prone to peas.
Taste rating on a tasting scale - 8.5 points.
On a vigorous rootstock, the variety improves the presentation of fruits, but increases the ripening period.
You need to be prepared that long pruning will reduce the yield of shoots.
The quality of the soil can affect the taste of ripe berries.
It is well stored on the bush after ripening without loss of taste, but is not very stable during transportation (only over short distances).

The variety fits well into the design of open elements of the house: it can be used to braid a canopy at the porch or a gazebo. At the same time, “Timur” will combine decorativeness and fruiting.

Pink

We're the same blood?

It is quite natural that such a promising hybrid form as “Timur” was continued in another breeding experiment, already “OV “Grape Elite” (Zaporozhye).

White table grapes "Timur" acted as part of the parent pair.

For the appearance of a new hybrid - “Timur pink” (breeding code ZT-4-5), the “Red Delight” variety of the Kuban selection was also chosen, which gave the new sample a pink color.

Coinciding in basic parameters with the white “Timur”, its pink descendant has noticeably added:

in the growth of the bush (up to medium and even large height)
in hand size (average weight 800 g);
in the size and sweetness of the berries;
in the thickness of the skin of the berries, and therefore increased transportability.

The daughter form did not reach the optimal timing of early maturation of the parent (the earliest period is 110 days), and the quality of the “Timur pink” brush is characterized by obvious looseness. But the elongated berries turned out to be a delightfully deep pink color, which makes them a decoration for the garden and holiday table.

During selection, the new hybrid form acquired an enemy in the form of a spider mite. Therefore, when choosing between the beauty of the berries and resistance to disease, gardeners give preference to white “Timur”.

Reviews

Gardeners talk about the advantages of Timur grapes in their reviews. Most of them consider the variety to be very successful.

Alexey, 53 years old I liked the Timur variety for a long time, but I still didn’t dare to plant it. One seedling was caught by chance. At first, it seemed that the clusters were not very large, but after a year they became larger. I really liked the berries for their rich taste. I tried drying them and got decent raisins. A good variety in all respects.

Evgeniy, 42 years old I have a large vineyard in which there are varieties such as: Vostorg, Favorit, Timur. The last one was planted recently. Within a year, small clusters appeared on the bushes. Further more. Now I get a harvest of 20 kilograms from each bush. All the berries are as chosen. Very satisfied.

Maria, Voronezh region I have Timur, four years old, of small stature. Fruited for the first time last year. The berries were almost without seeds, there was a slight difference in size, there was practically no astringency in the taste, maybe just a little, there was also a nutmeg aftertaste. In general, I like the variety: it ripens very early, is resistant to fungus, the berries are sweet, with good taste, crispy pulp, fairly thin skin, which is not felt at all when eaten. And one more important plus - the fruits are strong, beautiful, do not crack, and look great.

Use

Rules for the effective use of table varieties:

During the day you can eat up to 1.5 kg of grapes (or 700 ml of juice), dividing this volume into 3 meals (before eating according to the three meals a day scheme);
berries are eaten at least 40 minutes (maximum 1.5 hours) before meals;
Although we usually perceive this berry as a dessert, we should not eat grapes immediately after eating a rich and fatty meal;
grapes are not compatible with carbonated drinks and chocolate;
Considering the calorie content of this fruit, it can easily replace, for example, dinner;
You need to eat table grapes with skins and seeds, which contain a high content of antioxidants and beneficial elements;
After eating a treat, you must rinse your mouth to avoid acid exposure to tooth enamel;

Grapes have many contraindications, so you can only eat them after consulting your doctor.

Grapes are used to treat a number of diseases, increase vitality, and activate metabolic processes in the body. Treatment with grapes, otherwise known as ampelotherapy, has today become a prestigious option in the sanatorium-resort complex of many countries.

Famous table varieties are Karmakod, Korinka and Alexander.

For variety, table grape varieties can be used to make:

freshly squeezed juice as an element of dietary nutrition;
grape compote (fresh or pasteurized, from grapes alone - with the addition of other fruits);
shpot - boiled and strained juice with the addition of spices and crushed walnuts;
pickled grapes as a delicious component of meat dishes or a unique snack;
jelly (without adding gelatin) from grape juice boiled according to a special recipe;
syrup from high-sugar grape varieties;
grape jam;
churchkhela - an eastern sweet familiar to everyone;
low-alcohol liqueur - a product of fermentation of grapes in sugar syrup;
and a number of other processing recipes characteristic of grape growing regions.

Landing

Plant seedlings in autumn or spring. When choosing the first option, the work must be completed before the first frost. The optimal period is from September to October. In spring, grapes are planted when warm weather has already established itself, from May to June. The variety feels comfortable on light and fertile soil, which does not interfere with natural oxygen exchange.

During the planting process, you must consider the following:

cuttings take root remarkably well, so this variety is often grafted onto other, vigorous types of grapes;
the best place for planting is a well-lit area, preferably there are no tall trees or buildings nearby that will cast a shadow;
According to experienced experts, the sweetest berries grow on sandy soils.

Care

It is better to graft onto old rootstocks in the spring.
For rootstocks, it is optimal to choose vigorous plants.
You should not expect a bountiful harvest from the planted seedlings in the near future.
The best place for this grape variety is under the wall of a house on the south or southwest side.
"Timur" prefers light and warm soils, well fertilized with organic matter, with sufficient potassium and nitrogen content (without excess).
With regular watering in the first half of the growing season, stop watering from the moment the berries ripen (except during drought).
Despite the declared frost resistance, the variety needs shelter for the winter, especially in the northern regions.

Love the work of your hands - and the Timur grapes will respond with an abundant harvest of sweet berries.

Features of cultivation

It is recommended to plant the vineyard in a well-lit area, away from cold northern winds. It is best if this crop grows on fertile loam with low groundwater. On moist and dense alkaline soils, Timur produces sour berries with a tart, hard skin. The soil should be loose, nutritious, with good aeration and water permeability.

Grapes are planted using rooted seedlings. Healthy, productive young bushes should have 2-3 thick, strong shoots. Each of them must have at least 3 buds. If Timur is already growing in the garden, then it is quite simple to propagate it using grafting: one-year-old cuttings are “planted” to the roots of other taller and stronger varieties. Grafting allows you to avoid the main problem - demands on the soil. Grafted Timur becomes less capricious and also produces much more developed fruit shoots, which in turn form a magnificent harvest.

Note! The grafted grapes will begin to bear fruit a little later, only on the 125th day of the growing season. However, it will still be considered early ripening

Planting of own-rooted plants is usually done in the fall, in mid-September, while grafting is more rational to carry out in the spring. The ideal time is early spring, when the plants have not yet fully woken up and sap flow has not begun.

Holes for grape seedlings are arranged away from vigorous trees and shrubs and buildings. The interval between them should be at least 3 meters. The distance between grape bushes is 1-1.5 meters. The row spacing should be 2 meters.