Advantages and disadvantages
Flaws:
- at the initial stage it is difficult to find a reliable supplier of seed;
- the need for soil cultivation and fertilization;
- To grow winter varieties of garlic, you will need soil containing sand;
- in the absence of wholesale buyers, sales difficulties may arise.
Advantages:
- high popularity of the product among the population;
- little competition;
- simple agricultural technology;
- possibility of growing in a small area;
- the presence of agricultural machinery is not necessary;
- small amount of start-up investment;
- To start this type of activity you do not need special knowledge.
Reference! When growing garlic, it is also advisable to grow vegetables and onions.
Sowing
Before sowing, it is necessary to disassemble the heads into individual cloves, calibrate them, choosing only the largest ones (large heads grow from them), and then disinfect them. You can use the herbicide "Totril", which not only improves the plant's immunity, but also prevents the growth of weeds.
Depending on the type of garlic and your climate, the sowing date will vary, but in general, winter varieties can be planted from early September.
In the selected area, mark furrows 20-25 centimeters deep, cover the bottom with a layer of clean river sand and ash. This will help the germinating garlic cloves not to rot during rains or melting snow. Place the seed at the bottom of the beds, keeping a distance of 10-12 cm between them. There should be about 20 cm of free space between the beds so that the root system, which is quite developed in garlic, does not intertwine with each other. Moisten the furrows before filling them with soil. After planting, be sure to mulch the beds with leaves, straw, pine needles or sawdust to prevent rapid evaporation of moisture.
Material costs
To prepare the soil with an area of 20 acres you need to spend 6,000 rubles . According to the plan, this includes plowing, harrowing, and preparing the soil directly for planting. The price of planting material will be approximately 20,000, since at least 200 kg will be required for sowing on an area of 20 acres (at a price of 100 rubles per kilogram of seed material).
To prepare the soil you will need 8 tons of fertilizer - peat or humus. For this you will need to pay 25,000 rubles.
Storage of the grown product is possible:
- in an existing country house.
- construction of a specialized storage facility for garlic.
The total cost of creating a business according to the developed plan is about 90,000 rubles. But if you have a ready-made building adapted for storing garlic, the construction of a warehouse is no longer necessary. If there are good soil conditions that are suitable for growing bulbous crops, it is possible to reduce the amount of fertilizer applied. These factors can significantly reduce the amount of start-up production costs.
Profitability
Considering that the average yield per hectare is 13 tons of finished products, how much garlic can be obtained from 20 acres? In this case, from 20 acres you can expect about 2.5 tons of garlic, for an approximate amount of 25,000 rubles, with an average market price of 50 rubles per 1 kilogram.
Is it profitable to grow for sale on a large scale?
What benefits can you get from industrial outdoor cultivation? This business can rightfully be called promising and has high payback rates. This is due to the high demand for the product among the population. If you want to start a garlic business, then there is every reason to boldly start the business .
Reference! On average, profitability per 1 hectare for wholesale sales is 70%, for retail sales up to 150%.
Garlic cultivation. Charming bulbs
Garlic can be grown from aerial bulbs (bulbs). After all, if you constantly grow garlic only with cloves, then it gradually begins to become smaller. And all kinds of diseases accumulate. Therefore, in order to improve the health of the seed and increase the reproduction rate of garlic (up to 100 bulbs can form on one arrow in an inflorescence), it would be good to renew your seed fund every 3-4 years.
Many people specially grow bulbs to obtain one-clove garlic (sets) with a larger and round clove. It's easier to clean.
- You can grow garlic in this way before winter and in spring. Only winter plantings will have larger cloves.
To get strong onions, the shoots of winter garlic are cut off (at the end of June, when the film under which the bulbs grow begins to dry and crack).
We dry them in the shade and put them away for storage. Aerial bulbs can be stored for up to 2-3 years.
♦ Planting in autumn. In October, we peel the bulblets and plant them after the 15th-20th.
We plant them at a distance of 5 cm to a depth of 4 cm. We take care of our aerial bulbs like ordinary garlic.
The bulbs will not shoot arrows, their stems are small and the single cloves can be removed as early as the beginning of June.
Such one-toothed plants (if they are then planted in the fall) will give an excellent harvest.
♦ Planting in spring. You can save the bulbs until spring and plant them at the very beginning of spring.
Growing garlic in this case is the same as with spring varieties.
You can only harvest the crops at the end of June or beginning of July, as soon as you notice that the stems of the plants begin to lay on the ground.
Cultivation technology on an industrial scale
When wondering how to grow garlic on an industrial scale, a novice farmer must create a detailed business plan to successfully bring the business idea to life.
Market analysis
Garlic is in sufficient demand among people. When grown, both on an industrial scale and in a small agricultural enterprise, trade is possible in two forms:
- Retail . It is advisable to rent a small trading module, for example, at a local market.
- About . This will require establishing contacts with wholesale buyers.
The choice of the form of product sales primarily depends on its volume.
The payback period for this business is 1 season!
Total investment
In addition to the above monetary amounts (planting material, soil preparation and fertilization), it is necessary to take into account other costs associated with ensuring the activities of an agricultural enterprise :
- rent for the use of land;
- fare;
- wages to hired personnel if hired;
- costs of purchasing and using pesticides;
- fee for advertising services.
In each region of Russia, prices for the listed services are different and can vary greatly.
Choosing a tax system
When creating an agricultural organization, first of all, it is necessary to register it in the prescribed manner, in order to avoid violations of the current norms of the current legislation. Your business must be registered, especially when grown on an industrial scale.
When growing products in large industrial volumes, the best form of organizing activities would be an LLC. Limited liability company is a business company established by one or more legal entities and/or individuals, the authorized capital of which is divided into shares. The participants of the company are not liable for its obligations and bear the risk of losses associated with the activities of the company, within the value of their shares or shares in the authorized capital of the company.
For beginning entrepreneurs, the most convenient form of organizing production will be a peasant farm (peasant farm) - up to 1 hectare of land or as an individual entrepreneur (IP).
Types of taxation:
- peasant farms are subject to the unified agricultural tax (UST);
- individual entrepreneur – simplified taxation system (STS).
The tax rate is the same for both forms of registration. When registering, use the OKVED classifier code 01.13 “growing root crops, onion vegetables and tubers, such as carrots, beets, turnips, garlic, onions (including shallots), leeks and other onion vegetables.” Registration period is 1 month.
Algorithm of actions for registering an individual entrepreneur:
- Collection of a package of documents (application for state registration of an individual as an individual entrepreneur (form No. P21001); copy of passport; receipt of payment of state duty).
- State registration of an individual as an individual entrepreneur takes place at the tax authority at his place of residence, that is, at the place of registration indicated in the passport. If the passport does not contain the place of registration, then the registration of the entrepreneur can be carried out at the tax authority at the place of actual residence.
Submission of documents to the tax office. They can be submitted in person or remotely directly to the inspectorate.- In person or through a representative by proxy. It is also possible to prepare documents at the multifunctional center - in person or through a representative by proxy.
- Reception of documents at the tax authority.
- Receipt by a person of documents on state registration.
- If all the documentation is in order, after 3 workers the USRIP entry sheet is issued to the applicant.
Documents can be obtained in person or through a representative using a notarized power of attorney.
Implementation
Selling vegetables is an important stage, since it affects the success of the business started. There are several methods of marketing the crop:
- Retail sales at your own point. This option is the most expensive, since you will need to rent a retail outlet and hire an employee.
- Wholesale sales to bases, chain stores, various industries.
- Garlic is also sold to restaurants and other catering establishments.
Selling such products is difficult, since there are many similar offers on the market. But if there is a regular buyer and high-quality vegetables are produced, then such a question will not worry.
Which variety should I choose?
The main varieties of garlic are:
- spring;
- winter.
Attention! The price of winter garlic seed material is higher than spring garlic, but the yield is also greater.
Winter garlic tolerates low temperatures well, has high yields, large bulbs and good taste. Its planting takes place from September to October. The most common and productive varieties :
- Scythian;
- Saved;
- Pluto;
- Doctor;
- Garkua;
- Autumn;
- Polessky;
- Ryazhsky;
- Lyubasha.
Spring varieties of garlic are suitable only for cultivation in the southern regions of the Russian Federation, since they do not tolerate low ambient temperatures. This increases the risk of crop failure from exposure to low temperatures.
The highest yielding varieties of spring garlic:
- Elenovsky;
- Kledor;
- Flavor.
Factors affecting yield
The yield of such a vegetable is influenced by a large number of factors. In order to achieve good yields in garlic cultivation, you need to familiarize yourself with their list in advance.
Among the factors influencing the yield of the product in question, the following should be highlighted:
- variety (the most productive are considered: “Sofievsky”, “Alekseevsky”, “Gribovsky Jubilee”, “Lyubasha”, “Parus”, “Spas”);
- time and depth of planting;
- proper preparation of planting material;
- careful care (watering, fertilizing, protection from pests);
- soil and its chemical composition.
Find out how to store garlic in winter at home.
Description of sown areas
The land for garlic crops must be drained and fertile. The degree of illumination of the area plays an important role. Garlic produces the highest yields when grown in a greenhouse, which also makes it possible to protect crops from exposure to adverse atmospheric conditions. Adding sand to the soil has a good effect, which increases its drainage.
Necessary equipment
With small volumes of sown areas, the presence of agricultural machinery is not necessary. But when growing on an industrial scale, mechanization of this process is mandatory. In this case, it is necessary to have or rent equipment :
- cultivator;
- tractor;
- conveyor;
- irrigation system;
- garlic harvesting machine.
The purchase of the above equipment will cost about 5,000,000 rubles. When running a business within a summer cottage, the above equipment will not be required, but you will still have to purchase gardening equipment worth about 20,000 rubles.
Profitability
If you grow garlic as a business, how much can you earn? Profitability (income and expenses) depends on the size of the cultivated areas. For 1 hectare of land, the costs will be as follows:
- Registration of documents – 10 thousand rubles.
- Land rent – 5000.
- Purchase of material – 375,000.
- Fertilizers and utilities - 15,000.
- Equipment rental – 75,000.
- Inventory – 30,000.
- Employee salary – 40,000.
It turns out that the costs will amount to 550 thousand rubles. The harvest will be up to 50 tons. And since 1 kg is sold for 110 rubles, the minimum income will be 1.1 million rubles. If the outcome is favorable, the amount increases 5 times. The business pays off after 1 year of operation. Profitability is 55%.
Landing
It would be most advisable to plant winter varieties of garlic. It should be planted 40 days before the onset of the first frost. The best time is September-October.
Can be used for planting:
- aerial bulb (arrow bulb);
- sevok (one-toothed onion);
- one clove of the head.
It is recommended to change the seed every 3 years, which avoids the processes of degeneration of garlic varieties. It is better to use sets or one clove of garlic for planting, since the aerial bulb will yield a harvest only after 2 years. The volume of required seed depends on planting density and variety, but is in the range of 600-1,500 kg/ha.
We invite you to watch a video about planting large quantities of garlic:
Financing plan
Accounting for all expenses and profits will ensure efficiency in promoting your business. The activity requires investment, so approximate costs should be calculated:
- Registration of individual entrepreneur – 15,000 thousand UAH.
- Rent of land – 30,000 thousand UAH.
- Seed material – 70,000 thousand UAH.
- Fertilizers, mineral additives – 1,500 thousand UAH.
- Purchase of equipment - about 60,000 thousand UAH.
Income from the sale of garlic depends on production volumes. Seasonality, customer flow, and competition are taken into account. The profitability of growing winter crops is 70%, sales of the product to retail customers reaches 150% upward.
Care
Watering
From mid-April to early July, garlic is watered approximately once a week . During the rainy season, watering is reduced partially or even completely. When there is an abundance of rainfall, drainage grooves are created between the rows to prevent the accumulation of excess moisture in the soil. Which can lead to rotting of the bulbs.
In cold summers, garlic needs to be irrigated once every 9 days. Watering should be carried out in such a way that 5 to 10 liters of water are consumed per square meter of crops. During dry periods, the volume of water for irrigation can be increased to 12-15 liters.
Attention! It is recommended to stop watering garlic 3 weeks before the intended harvest.
Tillage
After heavy rains, a soil crust forms on the soil surface, interfering with the normal access of oxygen to the root system and deteriorating the growth conditions of the bulbs. After the end of the rains, it is necessary to carry out a process of shallow loosening (3-5cm). This improves soil aeration. Loosening must be done so as not to damage the bulbs.
Top dressing
It is recommended to fertilize garlic crops twice with nitrogen fertilizers at an interval of two weeks at the beginning of the growing season. Winter and spring garlic are fertilized half a month after the emergence of friendly shoots (April-May).
For feeding, a solution of slurry (1:10) and bird droppings (1:20) is also used . Phosphorus-potassium fertilizers are applied during planting of garlic. A good result is obtained by soaking the seed in solutions of humic fertilizers before planting; this increases germination by 20%.
Fertilizers should be applied to the soil only after watering or rain.
We invite you to watch a video about feeding garlic:
We wrote about the rules for caring for garlic in our material.
Spring garlic yield. Growing spring garlic bookmarks 61
Not every gardener succeeds in getting a good harvest of spring garlic.
Therefore, many people prefer to grow winter garlic, for which winter can be tragic. Considering that difficulties arise when storing winter garlic, I advise you to grow spring garlic!
Here are some secrets for growing it.
The most suitable soil: light loamy or medium loamy, loose with a neutral reaction of the environment.
Disembarkation time: end of April. Moreover, the cooler the weather when planting, the better for your future harvest.
The best predecessors: legumes, melons, cucumbers, cabbage plants and green crops. Return the garlic to its original place no earlier than after 4-5 years.
Firstly, large heads must be selected for planting. If we plant cloves from small heads, then with any care we will not get a good harvest.
Planting depth: 3-4 cm from the soil surface.
Planting pattern: between grooves - about 25 cm, between cloves in a groove - about 10 cm.
Teeth for planting are taken only from the outside. Before planting, they need to be soaked in a pink solution of potassium permanganate for 2-3 hours. They really like this “diet”; their teeth begin to grow roots faster.
One of the important conditions for spring garlic is early planting, when the ground has not yet warmed up and remains moist after the snow has melted. This promotes the development of a powerful root system of spring garlic and the subsequent growth of the leaf apparatus.
Garlic planted in dry, heated soil does not take root well; the emerging leaves quickly pump out nutrition reserves from the cloves, and as a result, the relationship in the development of the leaf and root systems is disrupted. In this case, the garlic yield will be low.
Regardless of weather conditions, we try to plant garlic in April, but no later than May 5th. In early spring, it is already possible to plant on April 15-20. (download the film for free
All researchers note that a delay in planting spring garlic by seven days from the possible time reduces the yield by 30-35%, and by 15-20 days - by 50-60%.
Planting depth is also very important for spring garlic. The best depth (from the bottom) is 5-7 cm. Shallow and deep planting are equally harmful.
When planting shallowly (2-3) cm, the cloves rise on the bunch of roots; when planting deeply (10-12 cm), seedlings are delayed, and for the good development of a large bulb, it is necessary to rake out the soil.
Spring garlic is demanding on soil fertility and light-loving. Despite the fact that it needs good moisture exchange, although in rainy years it can get wet.
True, in our practice this was not observed. If the planting material was stored indoors at a temperature of 18-20 degrees, more powerful plants develop and larger bulbs form, the yield increases, but the growing season is prolonged.
Harvest time: At the end of August - the first half of September, when the leaves begin to lie down, the tops of the leaves turn yellow and the bottoms dry out. Cleaning is carried out in dry weather. Dry directly on the beds, under a canopy or in the attic.
In order not to lose yield and speed up ripening for several days, you can store garlic in a warm place, and keep it in the cold (0 degrees) the day before planting. Garlic, like all vegetables, is responsive to feeding in the summer.
In our practice, before planting, we fill the soil with humus, but not with manure with the addition of ash. If possible, in June-July we feed the plants with a liquid infusion of mullein. First, water the bed well, then feed it and water it again.
Around mid-August we stop watering. As the garlic harvest approaches, we carefully monitor the weather; here we need to be on guard. If the garlic is already ripe and the weather is rainy, the cloves will crack. and it will grow again.
It is better to dig up garlic a little early than to be late and be left without a harvest. We lay out the dug garlic on boards to dry, but do not dump it in a heap. When we see that it has dried out, we cut off the tops and roots and store it indoors.
Well-dried spring garlic can be stored until a new harvest and will be useful for pickling cucumbers and tomatoes.
varieties and seeds of spring garlic
The most popular varieties: Bronnitsky, Moskovsky, Kalinsky White, Ershovsky, Rostovsky, Elenovsky, Sterlitokamsky, Aleysky, Abrek.
E.A. Antonovich.
Diseases
The main diseases of garlic are:
- downy mildew of garlic;
- downy mildew;
- bacterial rot;
- neck rot of garlic;
- black moldy rot of garlic.
A wide range of agricultural products are available to combat garlic diseases. It is important to detect the source of the disease at the very beginning, which will save the harvest.
We invite you to watch a video about garlic diseases:
Possible problems and ways to solve them
The main problem in this type of activity is the lack of funding at the initial stage of activity. If there is sufficient financial investment, the garlic growing business does not bring any significant problems.
Growing garlic is a profitable and profitable activity. It can be started both on a personal plot and in large areas. You can also start growing garlic without experience in growing crops.
For anyone who wants to grow garlic on any scale, it will be useful to read about how to propagate it from seeds and how to process it before and after germination.
How much garlic planting material is needed per 1 sq.m. Soil preparation
The site should be prepared in advance, at least a month and a half before planting. It is best to choose a well-lit place where moisture does not accumulate. As already noted, loamy soil with neutral acidity is best suited for garlic. However, remember that any soil can be deoxidized by using slaked lime or dolomite flour.
Maintain crop rotation and do not plant it after late-ripening potatoes, turnips, and carrots. Peas and beans should not be planted in areas adjacent to garlic, as they actively remove all nutrients from the soil. The list of unfavorable neighbors also includes onions, cucumbers, carrots, and tomatoes.
It is imperative to fertilize the soil, otherwise garlic will not be able to reach its vegetative potential. The following mixtures can be used for feeding:
- To 5 kg of humus add 20 g of superphosphate, 15 g of potassium salt per 1 sq. m.
- To 5 kg of manure add 30-35 g of double superphosphate in granules and 25 g of potassium salt per 1 square meter. m.
- In 1 bucket of compost mix 10-15 g of superphosphate, 1 tablespoon of nitrophoska per 1 square meter. m.
When calculating the amount of fertilizer, proceed from the size of your plot (ha), choosing the more suitable option.
Fertilizer is applied in the fall, when all plant residues have already been removed from the garden beds and disinfection has been carried out.
Apply fertilizer while digging the soil so that it penetrates to a depth of at least one spade bayonet. If your plot has more than one hectare of area, use special machines.
