Cherry plum Sonya (Russian plum): detailed description of the variety, nuances of cultivation, photos and reviews

A relatively new, mid-early cherry plum variety, Soneika, was created by Belarusian breeders and grows well in the central zone.
It bears fruit abundantly even in cool summers, produces large, beautiful, sweet and sour fruits, and thanks to its durable peel it can be transported over long distances.

The attractive appearance ensures demand in markets and supermarkets.

Description of Soneika cherry plum

This stone fruit tree has been grown in Russia relatively recently, but those gardeners who planted this cherry plum hybrid on their plots managed to appreciate the characteristics of this fruit tree.

Photo of Soneika cherry plum

Description of the tree

Cherry plum Soneika grows and bears fruit for 30 years - this is stated by the originator of the variety.
This variety of cherry plum is medium in size - its height reaches 3 m, and the crown looks like a flattened circle. It is not dense, all the branches are inclined downwards and have medium foliage.

The foliage is oval in shape, with sharp tips and a glossy surface, rich emerald color.

The tree is early-bearing, and the first fruits appear on it the very next year after planting. And from the third season, this cherry plum already bears fruit abundantly.

Russian plum Soneika

Flowering and pollinating trees for Soneika cherry plum

The Soneika cherry plum blooms profusely - at the moment the buds open, the entire tree is covered with a white cloud of flowers.
On a note!

This cherry plum variety begins to bloom in the first ten days of May.

However, this stone fruit crop is self-sterile and, without the presence of nearby pollinating varieties, only up to 5% of the ovaries of the total number of flowers can form on the tree.

In order for the Soneika cherry plum to be well pollinated, similar stone fruit crops are planted nearby, which also bloom in early May.

The best pollinating trees for Soneika cherry plum will be the following varieties:

• Altai Yubileinaya;
• Alyonushka.

Description of fruits

The ripe fruits of the Soneika cherry plum are yellow in color, and the sides, turned towards the sun, have a red blush. Their weight is up to 50 g
. The skin is of medium density, even and smooth, without pubescence, so the cherry plum is not prone to cracking. The pulp is also yellow in color, it is juicy and tender, sweet, with a slight sourness.

On a note!

Tasting assessment of ripe Soneika cherry plum fruits – 4.5 points out of 5 possible.

The Soneika cherry plum is harvested in the second or third decade of August.

. At the same time, the cherry plum ripens together, the fruits are tightly attached to the petioles, so even after full ripening they do not fall off.

The collected fruits tolerate transportation well over different distances and can be stored in appropriate conditions for up to 2 weeks.

Cherry plum, or Russian plum

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Cherry plum, or Russian plum

Message from Lilishka » 10.19.2006, 18:35

Messages: 1914 Registered: 03/16/2006, 21:50 Interests: dacha, video Occupation: translator From: Moscow, Medvedkovo - Sergiev Posad Thanked: 6 times Thanked: 552 times

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Posted by baraban » 10/19/2006, 07:46 pm

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Message from Lilishka » 10/19/2006, 20:02

Passed away Messages: 32043 Registered: 03/10/2006, 13:13 From: Moscow, railway station “PKH”, dacha 40 km along Yaroslavka Thanked: 102 times

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Message from Tamara » 10/19/2006, 20:34

pro Messages: 2356 Registered: 12/12/2006, 11:21 pm Interests: almost everything Occupation: gardener From: St. Petersburg Thanked: 506 times Thanked: 1020 times

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Posted by toliam1 » 01/03/2007, 05:40

Lilishka, I agree with Tamara’s opinion. Of the ones you mentioned, Zlato Scythians and Alyonushka bear delicious fruit. I will only add that in your conditions you should plant on hills. Grafted onto a seedling of the Pchelnikovskaya cherry plum and into the skeleton of a Hungarian plant taken from the Pskov region. We are 5 degrees north of you, it should work out, Anatoly

Passed away Messages: 32043 Registered: 03/10/2006, 13:13 From: Moscow, railway station “PKH”, dacha 40 km along Yaroslavka Thanked: 102 times

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Message from Tamara » 01/03/2007, 11:09

pro Messages: 2356 Registered: 12/12/2006, 11:21 pm Interests: almost everything Occupation: gardener From: St. Petersburg Thanked: 506 times Thanked: 1020 times

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Posted by toliam1 » 01/03/2007, 17:53

Tamara, this is my quirk. I have been growing the gift for a long time, the first fruiting was in 2003. Along with Pchelnikovskaya, I use it as a skeleton. No complaints. Abundant, annual fruiting. Too lazy to collect. There are 24 varieties in total from different authors. but there are still no Belarusians. While I'm trying it on. I come to the conclusion that this extremely valuable crop for small gardeners has a large supply of plasticity. The most important thing is that the skeleton is resistant to the vagaries of the climate, Anatoly

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Message from Ingwar » 01/16/2007, 17:10

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Re: Cherry plum or Russian plum

Message from Ingwar » 01/16/2007, 17:29

Passed away Messages: 32043 Registered: 03/10/2006, 13:13 From: Moscow, railway station “PKH”, dacha 40 km along Yaroslavka Thanked: 102 times

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Message from Tamara » 01/16/2007, 18:54

pro Messages: 2356 Registered: 12/12/2006, 11:21 pm Interests: almost everything Occupation: gardener From: St. Petersburg Thanked: 506 times Thanked: 1020 times

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Posted by toliam1 » 01/17/2007, 01:25

Sorry, I’ll intervene. You’re right, I couldn’t find them “so-called” anywhere in the catalogues. ..But what a miracle this is. Taste shades from apricots-peaches to melon. Appearance. Pulp. Honey juice. Dimensions. .. ..Tamara, please. Where can I read what the Slavic brothers (Bryansk and Belarusians) are doing in this regard? Maybe your magazine will come together?

Passed away Messages: 32043 Registered: 03/10/2006, 13:13 From: Moscow, railway station “PKH”, dacha 40 km along Yaroslavka Thanked: 102 times

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Message from Alain » 01/17/2007, 16:37

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Posted by toliam1 » 01/17/2007, 05:22 pm

Alena, one of my favorites. - Precocious. It is tasty, looks very elegant and fail-safe. After the severe frosts of last winter, it was the only one that bore fruit. —A gift to St. Petersburg. The most winter-hardy. I also use and as a skeletal educator. - Timiryazevskaya, excellent taste and appearance, - Zlato Scythians, the same, - Tsarskaya, the same, - Chuguevsky (Nectarine, Peach, Nectarine aromatic, Apricot), etc.

. Most varieties, except Chuguevsky, were obtained in Moscow, from V.I. Susov. . Chuguev varieties have one unpleasant feature (or maybe a good one - we need to figure it out): after entering fruiting, there is no significant growth of wood. . Last summer was dry, I visited the site only 4 times (due to circumstances), there was no growth. . Therefore, I wish you success in the capital, contact the Michurinsky Garden of the Moscow Agricultural Academy, sorry, I can only help with information,

Main characteristics of the variety

Separately, it should be noted the main characteristics of this stone fruit crop, thanks to which it quickly became popular.

Drought resistance and frost resistance of Soneika cherry plum

This hybrid tolerates winter well, its branches practically do not freeze.
Sonya can withstand frosts down to -25 C. But fruit buds can freeze as a result of sudden temperature changes at the end of winter. This stone fruit crop also tolerates periods of drought well. However, with regular watering, the yield of cherry plums increases sharply, and the plums themselves will be more juicy.

10 best varieties of cherry plum for the Moscow region

Growing regions

In Russia, Soneika cherry plum is successfully grown in the middle zone, the Moscow region and other regions with similar climatic conditions.
It has also taken root very well in the southern Russian regions with a hot, dry climate.

Productivity of Soneika cherry plum

Starting from the 3rd season after planting, the Soneika cherry plum begins to bear fruit abundantly - provided that pollinators grow nearby, up to 40 kg of ripe fruits are collected from each tree.
The ripening of fruits is uniform, so the timing of their collection is not extended over time.

Application of fruits

The harvested crop is used fresh and is also used to prepare preparations for the winter - making jam and preserves, and also preserves compotes for the winter.
Ripe cherry plum is also added to confectionery products and used to decorate desserts.

These fruits are also actively used in cosmetology - creams, shampoos and other types of cosmetics are prepared from them.

Collection, storage and use of crops

The ripening of Stanley plum fruits begins late - in early September. The harvest ripens in stages - it is harvested in 2-3 stages.

Productivity of the Stanley variety - video

Collection must be done in dry weather. You should not overcook ripe plums - they become soft and unpleasant to the taste, and then crumble. For transportation, fruits must be collected together with the stalk 4–5 days before full ripeness. It is best to store the harvest in shallow boxes, baskets or boxes.

Start collecting from the outer part of the lower branches, gradually moving up and towards the center. It is advisable not to erase the wax coating. Fruits that are out of reach must be removed using a ladder; plums cannot be shaken off. Also, you shouldn't climb a tree, since Stanley's wood is not very strong.

It is recommended to put plums in boxes

Plums cannot be kept fresh for long. Even in refrigerator conditions, the fruits will not last more than 6–7 days. For longer storage, you can prepare canned goods from Stanley plums (compote, jam, marshmallows, liqueurs and liqueurs). Also, plums of this variety are perfect for freezing. Plums should be washed and dried, then frozen in plastic bags or airtight containers. Plums should not be kept in the freezer for more than 6–8 months, otherwise they will become more sour.

The main product obtained from the Stanley plum is prunes. To make this wonderful product, you need to soak the fruits in a soda solution for 30–40 seconds (baking soda dose 10–15 g/l at a temperature of 85–90 oC), then rinse with cold water, dry and place in a semi-open oven (temperature 50 oC) for 3–4 hours. Then the plums are cooled and put back in the oven. Drying occurs in 2 stages: five hours at a temperature of 70–75 degrees, and then drying for 4 hours at a temperature of 90 ºС. The finished product is placed in jars or bags and stored in a cool place.

Stanley plum prunes are of high quality

All products obtained from Stanley plums receive the highest ratings: frozen plums - 4.8 points, compote - 5 points, juice with pulp - 4.6 points, prunes - 4.5 points.

The main pros and cons of the variety

The main advantages of the Soneika hybrid include:

• good yield indicator;
• precocity;
• compactness of the tree crown;
• frost resistance;
• resistance to periods of drought;
• resistance to diseases and pest attacks.

Among the disadvantages of the variety, you need to pay attention to the fact that during the ripening of the fruits you need to put supports under the branches with a huge amount of fruit. In addition, Soneika cherry plum is a self-sterile variety.

Advantages and disadvantages

This variety has its positive and negative sides. The advantages include:

• winter hardiness;
• drought tolerance;
• strong immunity;
• small plant size;
• good harvest.

Disadvantages include the need for a pollinator for fruiting, as well as supporting sticks for branches during the period of fruit ripening. There are a lot of fruits on one branch, because of this there is a risk that the branch will break off and part of the harvest will be lost.

Landing nuances

In order for this stone fruit crop to actively grow and bear fruit consistently, you should choose a suitable place for planting, purchase healthy, strong seedlings and plant nearby pollinating trees with the same flowering periods.

Timing for planting seedlings

This fruit tree can be planted in spring or autumn. But many experienced gardeners prefer to plant Soneika cherry plum in the spring
- in this case, the trees have time to take root well and become stronger during the summer period, as a result they do not freeze in winter.

If the planting date for this stone fruit crop is in the fall, then this must be done no later than the second ten days of September, so that there is more than a month left before the onset of cold weather. Otherwise, the trees will not have time to acclimatize to the new location and may freeze out in winter.

How to plant cherry plum

Selecting a site for planting

For normal growth and fruiting of this hybrid, you need to choose an area that is well illuminated by sunlight and protected from gusts of cold winds.
Low-lying places where melt water flows in the spring and wetlands are not suitable for planting cherry plums. Groundwater at the planting site should not approach the surface of the earth closer than 2.5-3.0 m.

Important!

Cherry plum does not tolerate soils with a high level of acidity, so dolomite flour or lime must first be added to acidified areas.

The best and unsuitable neighbors for cherry plums

For better pollination, stone fruit crops are planted next to the cherry plum - they will be excellent neighbors for it.
You can also plant nearby those plants that thrive on soils with a neutral or alkaline reaction. Cherry plum cannot be planted next to apple and pear trees - these fruit trees oppress it.

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Selection and preparation of seedlings for planting

Typically, fruit tree seedlings are transplanted as one- and two-year-olds.
In older plants, the roots grow too large and will be severely damaged when dug up; as a result, such trees do not take root well in a new place and may even die. Before purchasing, planting material is carefully inspected. Its roots should be at least 0.3 m in length, and their number should be 5-6 pieces.

Important!

It is advisable to replant already grafted cherry plum; it will begin to bear fruit earlier than ordinary seedlings.

The roots should be carefully examined, all damaged, diseased or dry ones should be removed, and healthy ones should be shortened by 1/3. A cut from a healthy root system should be white.

Before planting, the planting material is placed in a container of water to which disinfectants have been added. In this case, the root system is saturated with moisture and at the same time disinfected.

Soneika cherry plum planting scheme

• Since the crown of this stone fruit crop is quite compact, it is enough to leave a distance of 3 m between neighboring seedlings. The row spacing should be no more than 5 m.
• Planting holes are dug 80 cm deep and 70 cm in diameter (the size of the holes depends on the fertility of the soil). If the soil is depleted, rotted manure or compost must be added to it, as well as complex mineral fertilizing. Lime or dolomite flour should be added to acidic soil to deoxidize it.
• If the soil on the site is heavy clay, then a layer of drainage 5-7 cm thick should be laid at the bottom of the holes. Crushed stone, broken brick or coarse sand should be used as drainage material. This is necessary so that moisture does not stagnate at the bottom, but leaves thanks to drainage.
• When the main soil in the garden plot is sandstone, a layer of clay 6-8 cm thick is placed at the bottom of the hole, then the moisture will stay in the hole longer.
• The root collar of this fruit crop should be 2-3 cm above the soil level. It is especially important not to bury it in seedlings with grafts, otherwise wild plants will grow from the rootstock and choke out the cultivated trees.

Mid-season

Plum varieties of the middle ripening period have a very rich sweet taste. The fruits are ideal for preserving aromatic homemade jam or jam, most alcoholic tinctures or liqueurs, and look good in the photo:

• Title: Mashenka.
• Characteristics: productive, winter-hardy plum, excellent taste. Not characterized by self-fertility. The fruits are violet-blue in color with a whitish waxy coating, weighing up to 45 g. The pulp is deep orange, juicy, melting in the mouth. The skin is delicately thin, the abdominal seam is noticeable. Plums taste sweet and sour, with a delicate aroma. The pulp is easy to separate from the seeds. It is characterized by resistance to major stone fruit diseases and unpretentiousness to climate change.
• Pros: productivity, winter hardiness, large-fruited, disease resistance.
• Cons: self-sterility.

Memory of Vavilov is the brainchild of domestic selection. The tree is medium-sized, with a spherical crown of medium density:

• Title: Memory of Vavilov.
• Characteristics: winter-hardy, disease-resistant, productive type of plum. Growth vigor is average, ripening occurs in the 3rd decade of September. The fruits are very large - up to 95 g, bright amber in color. The pulp is sweet and sour with an almond aftertaste and aroma. The bones are difficult to separate. High-quality, transportable.
• Pros: winter hardiness, disease resistance, productivity, large fruit, marketability, transportability.
• Cons: the seeds are difficult to separate from the pulp.

Romaine is an interspecific hybrid of Ukrainian selection. Its characteristic difference is not only the creamy red color, but also the same foliage:

• Title: Romain.
• Characteristics: frost-resistant, productive variety. The cream is small - about 20 g, red in color, heart-shaped, with a pleasant sweet taste and almond aroma. The pulp is juicy and sweet, similar red in color. Ripening time is the end of August. Trees up to 3 m in height, pyramidal crown. The fruits stick well to the trees and do not fall off.
• Pros: frost resistance, productivity, compactness of trees, resistance to fruit shedding.
• Cons: small fruit.

The souvenir of the East is the result of the selection of plum species known in Asia - Zarya Veniamina and Gigant. It is of great value as an initial form in further breeding experiments:

• Title: Souvenir of the East.
• Characteristics: high-yielding, low-growing tree. Winter hardiness is low. large-sized cream, dark purple or burgundy color, with a pleasant sweet-spicy taste. The structure of the flesh is dense and crispy. The leaves of Souvenir of the East are susceptible to clasterosporiosis. The taste of plums is close to peaches or nectarines.
• Pros: high yield, compact crown, transportability, keeping quality.
• Disadvantages: poor frost resistance, susceptibility to klyasterosporiosis.

Plum variety Delicate, plum fruiting in 2015

Further care for Soneika cherry plum

In order for this cherry plum hybrid to actively grow and develop properly, after planting it is necessary to care for it correctly:

• observe the irrigation regime;
• fertilize regularly;
• carry out sanitary and formative pruning;
• prepare trees for winter;
• protect from rodents.

Growing cherry plum (planting, fertilizing, care)

Carrying out irrigation

Soneika cherry plum should be watered regularly in spring and summer.
Young trees are watered at least 4 times per season, adding a moderate amount of moisture to each tree - up to 15 liters. Mature trees are watered less often - no more than 3 times per summer. The last moisture-replenishing irrigation should be carried out in the second ten days of October if there was no rain in the fall.

Fertilizing

In the first year after planting, cherry plum of this variety does not need to be fed if all the necessary fertilizers were added to the holes before planting.
In subsequent seasons, feeding of Soneika cherry plum is carried out according to the following schedule:

• in mid-March;
• in the summer during the appearance of ovaries;
• during the period of fruit ripening;
• in the last ten days of August - for laying flower buds for next year.

Usually complex mineral fertilizers are applied, but the last autumn fertilizing should not contain nitrogen.
In the fourth season, it is necessary to add organic matter to the cherry tree tree trunk, as well as fertilizers containing phosphorus and potassium. All these fertilizers are applied to the Soneika cherry plum in the fall before digging the trunk circle.

Pruning Russian plum Sonya

In the first year after planting, the crown of the seedling should be formed.
To do this, remove all weak branches, leaving no more than 5 skeletal shoots. In the following seasons, shoots of the second and third order are formed, as well as extra branches growing inside the crown and thickening it. Sanitary and formative pruning of Soneika cherry plum is carried out before buds open in the spring: from March to early April.

In summer, pruning is done in case of emergency, and only sanitary, in which dry, diseased and unnecessary branches are removed.

Pruning cherry plum (Russian plum)

Preparing for winter

Although this cherry plum can easily tolerate frosts down to -25 -30 degrees Celsius
, some procedures must be carried out before the onset of cold weather.

Newly planted trees should be hilled up, and the tree trunk should be mulched with a layer of humus, the thickness of which should be at least 10-12 cm.

Their trunks must be wrapped in a layer of burlap and covered with spruce or pine branches to protect the bark from rodents.

Selection and preparation of planting material

For planting, one-year and two-year-old seedlings are used. The root system should consist of 5 main roots 30 cm long and be well developed. You can use grafted plants; they begin to bear fruit faster.

Before planting, inspect the roots, remove diseased and damaged ones, and shorten the rest. Their cut color should be white.

The roots should be saturated with water. They are placed in a solution with disinfectant additives to eliminate possible diseases.

Landing algorithm

The tree is compact, 3 meters are left between seedlings, 4-5 meters are enough between rows.

Planting holes are prepared with a depth of 0.8 meters, their width is up to 0.7 m, depending on the fertility of the soil. On poor soils, add humus or compost to the hole and sprinkle with complex fertilizer. On acidic soils, add ash, lime or dolomite.

On clay soils, drainage is made from crushed stone, brick or coarse sand. If the soil is sandy, add a layer of clay to the bottom of the hole.

The root collar of the cherry plum is not buried; it is left at ground level. This is especially true for grafted seedlings, so that wild shoots of the rootstock do not begin to grow and drown out the cultivated shoots.

Subsequent care of the crop

Growing Soneika cherry plum requires compliance with certain rules. Basic requirements for crop care:

• Watering.
• Feeding.
• Trimming.
• Preparing for winter.
• Protection from rodents.

Watering is required in spring and summer, up to three times per season. During the dry season, 4 liters are poured under the cherry plum tree. Be sure to water in September to provide moisture to the root system for the winter.

In the first year, the nutrition added to the planting holes is sufficient. Subsequently, fertilizing is applied in March, in the summer during the period of appearance and growth of ovaries. The last feeding in August is needed to set the buds of the next harvest. It is better to apply complex compounds, only to exclude nitrogen in the fall.

In the fourth year, cherry plum will require the application of organic fertilizers, as well as phosphorus-potassium fertilizers. They are added when loosening the soil in autumn.

In the first year, the tree crown is formed. Leave up to 5 skeletal branches. Subsequently, second- and third-order branches and crown density are formed.

The main pruning of cherry plums and plums is done in the spring before the start of sap flow in March and April. Summer pruning can only be sanitary, in which dry and unnecessary branches are removed.

To get a visual representation of the tree trimming process, you can watch the video:

The Soneika cherry plum variety is winter-hardy, but requires some preparation for winter. Young seedlings are hilled and mulched with humus. They need to provide shelter from rodents. To do this, the trunk is wrapped in burlap and covered with spruce branches.

Diseases and pests

Although most diseases do not affect this cherry plum variety, there are still some that can cause significant damage to fruit trees.

The main diseases and pests of Soneika cherry plum and methods of control

Hole spot
or
clasterosporia blight
affects cherry plum foliage. To combat this disease, it is necessary to spray the crown with Bordeaux mixture or HOM solution before the buds appear and after flowering. The last treatment must be done 20 days before harvest.

Coccomycosis

affects not only the foliage, but also the fruits of the cherry plum. Therefore, it is necessary to spray trees in the spring and autumn with Bordeaux mixture, and in the fall the tree trunks are also treated.

Moniliosis

damages the branches, foliage and fruits of this stone fruit crop. Before the sap begins to flow, the trees are treated with a 3% solution of Bordeaux mixture, and in the summer and after the fruits have been collected, the cherry plum must be sprayed again with a 1% solution of this drug.

In the photo there is moniliosis

Fruit mites

settle on foliage and fruit buds, damaging them. Fundazol or Karate, which are used to treat the crown during the formation of buds, are effective against these pests.

Plum aphid

damages the branches and foliage of these fruit trees. To combat these harmful insects, the foliage should be carefully treated on both sides with insecticidal agents.

Prevention

To prevent the appearance of diseases on the crown of this stone fruit crop, preventive treatments of the shoots with Bordeaux mixture should be carried out in the spring and autumn, the soil around the tree trunks should be disinfected in the autumn, and the soil in the root zone should be cleared of remnants of vegetation and fallen leaves.
To prevent harmful insects from settling on trees, it is necessary to regularly clean the trunk and skeletal branches of old bark, and remove all weeds in the tree trunk circles during the season. In spring and autumn, disinfect Soneika cherry plums with insecticidal preparations.

Good variety! Cherry plum Tsarskaya

Prevention and treatment

It would not hurt to protect plums and cherry plums from pests before the sap begins to flow (for the North-West this is the beginning of April). Trees are susceptible to disease and insect damage. Some cherry plum diseases are a consequence of the influence of parasites.

Common pests:

• plum plum;
• plum sawfly;
• hawthorn;
• codling moth;
• plum pollinated aphid.

To spray plants and soil in the garden, 700 g of urea is diluted in 10 liters of water. Using this product you can remove all the pests that remained on the tree and under it for the winter. To avoid causing burns to mature buds, do not spray the plant later than expected. Use preparations such as Iskra-bio, Healthy Garden, Aurum-S once a month. This is enough to get rid of pests.

Simultaneously with the treatment of trees, the garden is pollinated with solutions of Zircon or Ecoberin. They increase the resistance of plants and trees to diseases and adverse weather conditions.

For growing and breeding cherry plum, information related to the description of the variety will be useful. To get a big harvest, it is enough to put your knowledge into practice.

The Soneika cherry plum variety is resistant to many diseases, but they still exist.

For growing and breeding cherry plum, information related to the description of the variety will be useful. To get a big harvest, it is enough to put your knowledge into practice.

Cherry plum Soneika: reviews from those who grow the variety

Sergey, 46 years old, Gomel, Belarus My garden plot is not too large, but I really wanted to plant a compact plum or cherry plum on it.
Through the Internet I picked up Soneika’s cherry plum for my garden. I chose her because she was bred in Belarus. She needed pollinating trees, and in my garden there was a pair of plums with a similar flowering period, so this cherry plum will not have problems with pollination. The tree is compact and produced its first small harvest the very next year after planting. And a year later, the whole tree was strewn with fruits, which turned out to be very tasty, and the harvest was enough for both food and twists for the winter. Maria, 44 years old, Moscow region My husband and I planted several different varieties of cherry plums with the same flowering periods in the garden, so that they would cross-pollinate well and produce rich harvests. Among them was the Sonyika variety. The yield of all varieties is high, but Soneika has the most beautiful and tasty fruits that can withstand transportation well. We sell most of the cherry plum harvest on the market; it sells out very quickly.

Cherry plum Soneika is distinguished by its high yield, compact crown shape, excellent taste of ripe fruits and their versatility.

In addition, this tree looks very decorative during the period of flowering and ripening of fruits, so it will truly decorate any garden plot.

Don't forget about the unkillable cherry plum

But the most indestructible, albeit small-fruited variety is Podarok St. Petersburg. Fruits steadily and abundantly even in the cold Novgorod summer. Although this cherry plum was bred about 50 years ago, it still bears fruit in my garden. Cherry plum lovers write: “The gift of St. Petersburg and the Gold of the Scythians differ in taste, like a marbled beef steak in a chic restaurant and table sausages cooked in a common tank.”

Not everyone knows how to prune the cherry plum correctly, because it has many flower buds to the detriment of growth buds, and the branches become bare. There is one simple secret that I have mastered. In the summer I pinch the cherry plum branches when they grow 20-40 cm, and so on several times a season. This makes the crown denser. In addition, flower buds of different degrees of maturity are formed, they overwinter differently, awaken differently in the spring, and some of them are not affected by spring frosts.

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Proper care

Young seedlings need constant high-quality watering.

Regular watering is the key to good plant survival.

Organic mulching is also carried out with a layer of 7-10 cm. For cherry plum, pruning during planting is desirable. Then every year the affected, dry or overgrown shoots are cut off. Weeding near the tree will ensure shallow loosening of the soil and the formation of the crown.

Reproduction

This variety of cherry plum can be grown from a seed, but more often it is propagated by cuttings. An effective way is vaccination. It is made in the spring from cuttings on unopened buds. It is convenient to pin the shoot into the plum crown. If several varieties are grafted onto one plant, pollination will increase and fruits will appear within a year. It will look great: there are red fruits on one branch, yellow fruits on the second, and burgundy fruits on the third. Cherry plum grown from plum varieties is winter-hardy.

Cherry plum Soneika needs additional feeding. It needs to be fertilized three times a year: in early spring, in mid-summer during the growth of ovaries, and at the end of summer. After this, it will give a good yield.

Under small seedlings, it is better to sprinkle 2.55 cm thick of rotted droppings or compost, but so that the trunk remains clean. In the summer, be sure to feed Soneika cherry plum with phosphorus or potassium fertilizers.

For better pollination, it is recommended to plant 2-3 species at once. During flowering, the tree is very beautiful, so it is used in gardens and landscape design.

Growing

The variety is characterized by high yield, so the branches need support. The crop begins to bear fruit early: in the second year after planting. The tree does not grow. It is small, so it is convenient to collect ripe fruits.

Cherry plum is winter-hardy and does not freeze even at –30 °C. This variety is disease resistant.

The Sonyika variety is not very demanding on growing conditions: a relief area, soil, and black soil are suitable for it. On soils with humus and soils supplied with water, fruits are much larger and tastier.

The most favorable soil acidity for growing this variety is 6.5-7.5 pH. On acidic soils, liming is performed at a dose of 200-300 g/m2. For this use:

The fruits ripen at the same time, so the harvest is harvested once per season. The fruits do not require sorting due to the absence of insects. Cherry plum is well transported within a couple of days. Most of the berries are consumed fresh, the rest of the fruits are used to make compotes and jam.

In memory of Timiryazev

This self-fertile plum was obtained by crossing the varieties Victoria and Skorospelka red. Currently, this plant can often be found in the gardens of Belarus, Russia, Ukraine, the Baltic states, and Moldova. The tree grows of medium height, it has a not very dense rounded crown, reminiscent of a bush. The shoots are pubescent, light brown in color.

Flowering and fruiting occur on annual shoots and bouquet branches. The shape of the fruit is ovoid, the color is yellow with a red blush (on the sunlit side) and subcutaneous dots. The plums lack pubescence and have a light waxy coating. The pulp is dense, fine-grained, yellow, and tastes sweet and sour.

In winter, the tree's shoots may freeze (at temperatures below –25°C), but in the spring they recover well. Timiryazev's memory plum is almost not affected by clasterosporia and fruit rot, but the tree can be seriously damaged by mite attacks.

Late plum varieties

Late-ripening fruits have the highest frost resistance and yield, but are inferior in taste and aromatic qualities to early types. The Zhiguli hybrid was bred at the Samara Experimental Plant Growing Station. Obtained from crossing the varieties Kuibyshevskaya Ternosliva and Renclaude Bave:

• Title: Zhiguli.
• Characteristics: productive, winter-hardy. Cream of a rich violet-blue hue, weighing 40–55 g. The pulp is greenish-yellow, easily separated from the seeds. The tree is vigorous and fast growing. The fruits are blue in color with a slight whitish coating. The pulp is juicy and sweet. Variety of universal use. Damsons and Red damsons are suitable for cross-pollination. The tree is drought-resistant and rarely affected by diseases.
• Pros: frost resistance, productivity, disease resistance.
• Cons: self-sterility.

The hybrid selection of Primorskaya PYaOS - Svetlana - was created by selecting Ussuri varieties from seedlings. Entered into the State Register in 1986 for the Far Eastern region:

• Title: Svetlana.
• Characteristics: late-ripening, winter-hardy species that needs pollinators - Zhiguli, Pamyat Finaev. Harvesting is carried out from the last days of August and throughout the first ten days of September. Fruit size is 25–35 g, irregularly round in shape. The color of the fruit is yellow, with a noticeable bluish tinge. The pulp is sweet, yellow in color, and does not separate easily from the bone.
• Pros: frost resistance, high yield.
• Cons: self-sterility.

Empress is a hybrid of unknown selection, which was originally imported from the USA:

• Name: Empress.
• Characteristics: new winter-hardy and drought-resistant species. Characterized by resistance to many stone fruit diseases. Recommended pollinators - President, Bluefry, Stanley. The fruits are large - up to 100 g, purple or blue in color, with a whitish waxy coating. Productivity is high. The purpose is universal.
• Pros: productivity, resistance to drought, frost, diseases.
• Cons: Requires pollinators.

Introduction

Yellow cherry plum

But every medal has two sides. The disadvantages of cherry plum have traditionally been the small size of the fruit and a noticeable sourness in taste. However, nowadays, during the development of breeding selection, it has been possible to obtain many varieties that are practically free of these shortcomings.

In terms of varietal diversity, cherry plum is superior to many tree crops and provides gardeners with options that have almost any color, taste, fruit weight and yield. In addition, cherry plum is used in landscape design.

Caring for cherry plums is similar to caring for plums, but in general it is much simpler. Seedlings should be planted in fertile soil in sunny areas with fertile soil. The hole for the cherry plum is made the same as for the plum - 60 x 60 x 50 cm. A layer of humus is placed on its bottom.

The main task when creating a cherry plum garden is to correctly arrange productive varieties and pollinators. The latter should be planted at a distance of no more than 50 m from pollinated trees.

Direct care of mature trees involves timely, abundant watering (this is very critical for most varieties), application of fertilizers at least 2 times per season and regular pruning.

To aerate the roots after watering, it is recommended to loosen the soil to a depth of 5-10 cm. Fertilizing with organic matter should be done in early spring and late autumn. It is recommended to add mineral fertilizers and nutrients to the soil in the middle of the season only in case of poor soils.

Large-fruited cherry plum

Pest control is less relevant for cherry plums than for plums, since the species has much greater immunity. However, there is no need to relax; the plum moth, in the absence of a basic diet, can quickly switch to cherry plum.

Therefore, insecticides should always be on hand. To prevent fungi, it is recommended to treat the branches and trunk bark with copper-containing preparations, for example, a solution of copper sulfate, before the buds open. Cherry plum is also rarely affected by viral diseases.

Clusterosporiasis poses a separate problem. To combat this fungal disease, the drugs Horus, Skor, Kuproxat are used.

Cherry plum propagation is carried out mainly vegetatively, using grafts from young shoots into the splitting of wild crops or sour varieties. In rare cases, propagation by cuttings is used, since this process is longer. It is possible to obtain cherry plum seedlings using seeds, but this process is also not quick.

Cherry plum

When describing varieties, they are systematized mainly by consumer characteristics, since it is often even difficult to determine how a particular variety or hybrid was obtained. Gardeners find it convenient to classify plants according to their ripening time.

It is this that is considered the main one for cherry plum. In cases where the ripening time is not critical, cherry plum can be systematized by fruit size, frost resistance zones, self-fertility, etc.

The article describes the currently most popular cherry plum varieties for the following categories:

• early, mid and late ripening
• large-fruited
• frost-resistant
• self-fertile

For each variety, the characteristics of their cultivation are indicated and its photos are presented.

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Folk Encyclopedia of Plum Varieties

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Folk Encyclopedia of Plum Varieties

Posted by toliam1 » 04/23/2012, 14:40

I think it's time to start a plum encyclopedia. Botany includes seven genera in the plum subfamily: Plum (species: Domestic plum, Chinese plum, Cherry plum, Blackthorn, for some time now Academician Eremin G.V. introduced a new species - Russian plum), Cherry, Apricot, Peach, Almond, Bird cherry and microcherry felt. Here it is appropriate to share your observations on all these fruit plants. My personal interest: with your help, to make progress in identifying varieties of domestic plum, cherry plum, and apricot. Photos are required. Features of agricultural technology, formation. Attempts to correct genetically inherent characteristics in order to move north, adapt to the microclimate and soil. Both strict characteristics and interesting observations when growing varieties are appropriate here. Pluralism of opinions.

Reproduction

A gardener can independently propagate this variety in the following way.

Graft

Pruning can be done in spring or summer. An oblique cut is made on the selected rhizome to a depth of about 1-2 cm; a similar cut should be made on varietal cuttings. It is inserted into the rhizome, and the grafting site is wrapped with grafting film. Once the graft has healed, the graft material can be removed.

Reproduction by offspring

The work should be carried out in the spring; it is important that the soil is already warmed up. Select a side shoot from the tree, bend it to the ground and place it in a furrow no more than 15 cm deep. The upper part of the branch should remain outside.

The soil should be kept moist, and the branch can be covered with film. Green leaves at the top of the shoot indicate the emergence of an independent root system. In autumn, the plant can be separated from the mother plant.

Cuttings

Green shoots are used as planting material and are usually cut from the mother plant in early July. For propagation, select a branch 20-30 cm long and divide it into several parts with 2-4 leaves. The top cut should be straight, the bottom should be at an angle of 45 degrees. Before rooting, keep the cuttings in water with a growth stimulator for 14-16 hours.

Seedlings are planted in open ground; For the beds, prepare a soil mixture of sand and peat with superphosphate. The seedlings are buried 2-3 cm in increments of at least 5 cm. The seedlings are covered with film. Further care consists of maintaining the temperature in the greenhouse at least +25C and regular but moderate watering. After 20-40 days, the separated parts will begin to form a root system, and then the shelter can be removed. In the fall, the bed is mulched with organic compounds, and the seedlings are transplanted the following season.