Persian apple tree: description and characteristics of the variety, photos, rules for planting and care, harvesting and storing apples, reviews from gardeners

Persian is an apple tree variety that belongs to the early winter category. This species is valued for its high resistance to temperature changes, which guarantees good yields in regions with risky farming.

The variety is widely used to create new types of crops, as it produces offspring that are less susceptible to unfavorable external factors.

Gardeners note the pleasant taste of Persian fruits. All these qualities contributed to an increase in demand for seedlings of this variety.

History of selection

This type of crop was obtained thanks to the efforts of breeders P. A. Dibrova and L. A. Kotov. Work to create a new variety was carried out at the Sverdlovsk Experimental Horticulture Station .

The basis for Persianka was the Peach and Kungur pineapple varieties. The goal was to create a species with increased frost resistance and good yield. And it was completely successful.

In 1990, Persianka was taken for variety testing, which showed its compliance with the declared characteristics. And after 2 years this species was included in the State Register. Its originator is the Ural Federal Agrarian Research Center.

Photo of Persian apple tree:

Region of natural growth

Due to its frost and drought resistance, Persian is most common in the Ural region and the Urals , but can take root well in other regions. True, in a humid climate, its trees are often susceptible to scab, which, however, does not affect the large fruit, productivity and other excellent qualities of the variety.

In these regions, Uralets, Severyanka and Nastenka feel great.

Description of the variety

Persianka's tree is medium-sized. Its height varies between 3-4 m. The crown of a young apple tree is oval, but as the tree matures it becomes spherical. The diameter of its growth is 2.5 m. The Persianka's crown is not dense with a few thick skeletal branches extending from the trunk at an acute angle. Because of this feature, it is necessary to install supports to prevent them from breaking under the weight of crops and snow.

The thickness and pubescence of the shoots of this apple tree variety is average. The bark is dark brown. The variety bears fruit mainly on simple and complex ringlets , less often on last year’s shoots. The annual growth is 47-54 cm. The ripening of shoots is good.

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Due to the small number of branches and the type of fruiting, formative pruning of the Persian should be carried out with caution.

The Persian has average foliage. The plates are flattened, rounded or broadly ovoid. The color of the leaves is green. The edges are slightly jagged and raised upward. The base of the leaves is heart-shaped, and the apex is pointed and shortened. The surface of Persian leaves is wrinkled. The petioles of the plates are short, they are attached to the shoots at an angle of 45 degrees. The stipules are small, lanceolate or saber-shaped.

The flowers are saucer-shaped, snow-white, and when opened their diameter reaches 2.5-3 cm . The pistils are elongated, the anthers are located below the stigma. The buds are collected in corymbose inflorescences and bloom together. Flowering occurs in the first half of May and continues for 2-3 weeks. The duration of the growing season of Persian is 179-180 days.

Features of the fruit

The apple tree produces its first fruits 6-7 years after planting. Moreover, on the same tree they can be of different sizes. A full harvest can already be obtained in 8-9 years. Characteristics:

Appearance .
The fruits of the Persian are broadly cylindrical, smooth, with slight undulation on the surface. The saucer is medium or narrow, the cup is closed. The color of the fruit is greenish-yellow. The cover red, intense in the form of blurred stripes, occupies most of the fruit.
There is a waxy coating on the surface of apples. The middle funnel shows signs of rust.
Weight . Medium sized apples. But in favorable seasons and with proper care they become large. The average fruit weight is 80-180 g.
Pulp . The consistency of the fruit is dense, crispy, juicy, but softens during long-term storage. The flesh of the Persian is aromatic and has a pleasant creamy hue. Seed chambers are closed.
Safety . When apples are picked at the stage of technical maturity, they do not lose their marketability and taste for 6 months.
Taste . Apples are sweet and sour with a pleasant wine aroma. Tasting rating of the variety is 4.5 points out of a possible 5.
Composition and calorie content . The amount of dry matter in fruits varies from 12.9 to 16.8%, sugars - 9.6-12.8%. The content of vitamin C in Persian apples reaches 19.9-37.3 mg, and catechins - 195-279 mg per 100 g of product. Apples contain 40 calories.

With minimal care, the Persian shows high and stable productivity.

Frost resistance

Persian has a high level of frost resistance . The variety tests carried out showed that when the temperature dropped to -53 degrees, the freezing of the shoots was no more than 0.5%. At the same time, the apple tree has a high restorative ability. Also, the flowers and pistils of the variety are not very susceptible to spring return frosts.

Drought resistance

The variety does not suffer from prolonged drought. The level of water-holding capacity of its leaves is 56.7%. At the same time, the plates are characterized by resistance to heat.

When the temperature rises to +55 degrees, browning is observed in 25% of the total volume of green mass.

Ripening and fruiting of the Persian apple tree:

Fruits begin to form in the Persianka variety 7 years after planting in the garden and after a year its yields reach good volumes.

It is important to know that the plant has a high level of productivity.

The fruits on the Persian apple tree ripen quite quickly, sometimes this occurs even at the initial stage.

Mid-ripening apple tree. As is correct, flowering lasts from the second half of May and lasts until the beginning of June. The fruits ripen quickly, starting in mid-September, and harvesting begins at the end. The harvest can be stored for six months and retain all its characteristics.

Pollination

The Persian is a self-sterile species.
It needs pollinators to set fruit. And when planting this variety, you must take this into account. The following varieties are suitable as pollinators:

Slav;
Antonovka;
Pepin saffron;
Skryzhapel.

Pollinators should be planted at a distance of 4-10 m.

Apple tree varieties for the Urals: the best apple varieties for the northern regions of Russia

Apple varieties for the northern regions of Russia

The climate of the Urals cannot be called favorable for growing garden crops. This also applies to varieties of fruit trees bred by breeders. Frosts during flowering, constantly changing weather conditions and strong winds can damage the entire crop.

Apple tree varieties for the Urals: how to choose

Apple tree varieties for the Urals photo apple tree in bloom

Due to the special climatic conditions, it is necessary to especially carefully select varieties for planting that are resistant to the low winter temperatures of the Urals. It is also worth paying attention to other criteria:

productivity - it determines how many apples you can collect from one tree;
level of immunity of the apple tree to harmful factors;
the possibility of storing apples, their taste;
period of fruit maturity (summer, autumn, winter).

The Northwestern region of Russia is characterized by high rainfall. They can lead to scab damage to apple trees, which affects the quality and quantity of the harvest. To combat this fungus, trees are sprayed with fungicides, Bordeaux mixture or iron sulfate before and after flowering.

Summer varieties

Fruit harvesting begins in mid-July, but they are not stored for long.

Silver hoof

Apple tree varieties for the Urals, silver hoof

The apples are small and juicy. Ripening occurs towards the end of summer, they will last up to 30 days. The apple tree is especially popular in the Ural regions because it is rich in yield and is winter-hardy, and the first fruits appear in the third year. But it has a drawback: with high humidity, scab may appear.

Papyroamber

Apple tree varieties for the Urals, papyro-amber

Ripening occurs at the end of summer. You need to pick fruits very carefully, then you can save them for up to two months.

They have a light amber color, medium size, sometimes large, sweet and sour taste, tender and juicy, with a pleasant aroma. The apple tree bears fruit well, starting from 5-7 years.

At the same time, the variety is not winter-hardy enough, so it is not suitable for the northern regions of the Urals. During the rainy season he gets scab.

Autumn ripening varieties

Autumn apples are harvested in September; they are able to retain their properties for 2-3 months.

Uralets

Apple tree varieties for the Urals, Uralets

You will see the first results of your work in 4-6 years. Apples ripen at the beginning of autumn and are stored for up to one and a half months. The Ural harvest is constant and increases every year.

Apples of this variety are beautiful and tasty, but small and covered with a waxy coating. They have a cream color with blush. The apple tree resists scab and rot, but the codling moth is dangerous for it.

This is the oldest variety bred for the Urals zone. Due to its increased winter hardiness, it is still considered the best in these latitudes.

Juice-3

Apple tree varieties for the Urals, juice – 3

The name speaks for itself - apples serve as a source for making high-quality juices. The Sokovoe-3 variety is early-bearing, fruits appear 3-4 years after planting. They ripen in early autumn and can lie for 90 to 120 days without loss of quality. Brings a rich harvest every year.

The fruits are medium in size or small, flat-round, pink striped, sweet and sour in taste. Apple trees have high winter hardiness and are not infected with scab.

Ural Liquid

Apple tree varieties for the Urals: Ural Bulk

The harvest appears on 2-3 year old apple trees. The ripening period for the fruits falls in mid-September, but even when they are overripe, they do not fall off. It retains its properties for two months. The Ural bulk variety has stable fruiting, which increases every year, so the branches often break.

The apples are small and become smaller in subsequent years. They are yellow-green in color with subcutaneous dots and have a characteristic aroma. The taste, in addition to juiciness and tenderness, contains sweetness and sourness. The advantage of the variety is excellent winter hardiness in the conditions of the Urals. The disadvantage is the tendency to scab in conditions of high humidity.

Rumyanka Sverdlovsk

Apple tree varieties for the Urals: Rumyanka Sverdlovskaya

This variety has large pods, yellow in color with blurred red stripes. They ripen by mid-September, shelf life is 2-3 months. Rumyanka apples have a sweet and sour taste, with a high juice content. Advantages: abundant fruiting, good tolerance to low temperatures, resistance to diseases, including scab.

Screen

Apple tree varieties for the Urals: screen

You will see fruits on these apple trees 5 years after grafting. Ripening time is early autumn, you can store them until mid-winter. Characterized by a high constant yield. The fruits are beautiful, but small, red-pink. Their distinctive feature is a swollen funnel. The pulp is sweet and sour, tender, juicy and aromatic, prickly.

The Ekrannoe variety apple tree has good winter hardiness, but it is susceptible to scab, so special care is required. The harvest is well transported.

Winter varieties

The fruits of winter varieties ripen before the first frost, usually at the end of September or in the first half of October. Most often they are used for harvesting, since they can lie until spring.

Gornoaltaiskoe

Apple tree varieties for the Urals: Gorno-Altai

This apple tree wakes up early, so it is ideal for areas where spring comes late. The fruits are picked at the end of summer. It is better not to delay the collection, as they are overripe. It is better to use them immediately or process them, since they have a short shelf life - only a month.

Harvests at Gorno-Altaisk are average, there is no periodicity. The bright red apples of this variety are small, sweet and sour, with a spicy flavor and special juiciness.

During long rainy periods, their peel cracks, which affects transportability and shelf life. The variety is resistant to frost. If it freezes at ultra-low temperatures, it quickly recovers.

Does not suffer from scab, even with heavy rainfall.

Amber

Apple tree varieties for the Urals: amber

This variety is one of the best. The fruits ripen in the first month of autumn. They are collected for storage at the end of August. Those picked later are tastier, but will only last until the beginning of winter.

The fruits are small, fragrant, amber-yellow, with a characteristic sweet and sour astringent taste. The Yantar apple tree is characterized by increased resistance to the frosts of the Urals, it resists diseases and rot well, but is affected by the codling moth.

Persian

Apple tree varieties for the Urals: Persian

The fruits on these trees will appear late - from 6-7 years. They ripen in mid-September and are stored for about six months. Persian bears fruit every year. The apples are large and have a striped blush on their main part. The pulp is juicy, but somewhat harsh. The trees are quite frost-resistant, but scab infection is possible.

Snowdrop

Apple tree varieties for the Urals: snowdrop

The apple tree is dwarf, reaching only two meters. It is distinguished by early fruiting, you will see the first fruits from the age of 3 or 4 years. The collection time is at the beginning of autumn.

They are stored for quite a long time - about 4 months. This variety usually has good yields, which is why the branches need support. It bears fruit every season, but over time this quality is lost.

The apples are medium in size, light yellow, juicy, with a light aroma.

Snowdrop is resistant to unfavorable conditions, with the exception of drought. Since water deficiency affects the quality of fruits, additional watering is necessary in dry times. It is resistant to scab.

Result:

Due to the specific climatic conditions of the Urals, gardeners need to adhere to certain rules for growing apple trees and carefully select their varieties. Thanks to the work of breeders, many of them have been bred for this region. A distinctive feature is the ability to withstand low temperatures. Knowing these features, you can grow a rich and varied harvest.

Source: https://vsadu.ru/post/yabloni-sorta-dlya-urala-opisanie-i-foto.html

Productivity

Persian bears fruit every year. The harvest volume is 100-200 kg per mature tree. Harvesting maturity occurs in the first ten days of September , and in unfavorable seasons, harvesting can be carried out at the end of the first month of autumn. Apples stick well to the branches. But when fully ripe, they crumble under gusts of wind.

Apple harvest storage

In order for Persian fruits to be stored for a long time, they need to be placed in cardboard or wooden boxes, sprinkled with sawdust or laid out with paper so that they do not come into contact with each other.

Optimal conditions are a dark room with a temperature of +1-4 degrees and a humidity level of 80-82%. If the storage conditions are met, the apples will last until the end of March. But already in February their taste quality decreases.

Throughout the entire storage period, the crop must be periodically sorted to remove rotten fruits.

additional characteristics

Advantages and disadvantages

Advantages:

Large fruits;
High level of marketability;
Very good taste;
Storing fruits during the winter.

The disadvantages of the Persian include instability to diseases such as scab.

Apple scab.

Dimensions of an adult tree

Under normal conditions, the height of the tree is 5–6 meters. If you want to increase the height , then you need to pay attention to pruning the tree and shaping its crown.

Annual growth

Every year the apple tree grows by 47 - 54 centimeters . It should be taken into account that if the growth is more than the specified limit, then the young shoots may not have time to ripen.

In this case, they may freeze .

To prevent this from happening, you need to limit your feeding with nitrogen fertilizers in the second half of summer . They give rise to the growth of the above-ground part of the tree.

Frequency of fruiting

Like most varieties, the Persian apple tree variety bears fruit annually . At the same time, it brings a fairly good harvest.

Productivity

The average yield of the variety in Russia varies from 42 to 43 centners per hectare. This is approximately one hundred kilograms per tree .

The highest yield of Persian can reach 87 centners per hectare or 200 kilograms per tree.

Tasting assessment

The fruits of the tree have a good taste, and the tasting score is 4.5 points .

Winter hardiness

During the winter months, at very low temperatures, the tree may freeze slightly, but recovers very quickly .

Therefore, the damage is extremely minor. The variety has high winter hardiness.

The Persian apple tree has high winter hardiness.

Disease resistance

The Persian has average immunity .

It can often be affected by various diseases, especially during periods of mass destruction.

Not resistant to scab.

Landing rules

For planting, you should choose one- and two-year-old Persian seedlings. They should have well-developed root shoots in the amount of 3-5 pieces, and there should be no signs of disease or mechanical damage on the bark. Since this variety is recommended for northern regions, it is recommended to plant the apple tree in a permanent place in the spring before the start of the growing season. The optimal period is considered to be mid-April. In this case, the seedling will be able to get stronger before the arrival of winter.

For the Persian apple tree, you need to choose an open sunny area with a groundwater level of at least 1.5 m . The variety is not picky about soil composition, but the soil must have good moisture and air permeability, as well as a neutral acidity level.

The planting hole should be prepared 2 weeks in advance, or preferably in the fall. Its size should be 70 by 70 cm. A 10 cm layer of broken brick should be placed at the bottom of the recess to prevent constant contact of the roots with moisture in the event of a rainy, cool summer.

Fill the remaining space with a nutrient mixture consisting of:

turf,
humus,
peat,
leaf soil in a ratio of 2:1:1:1.

You should also additionally add 30 g of potassium sulfide and 40 g of superphosphate.

After planting, the root collar of the Persian seedling should be at a level of 5 cm from the soil surface. At the end of the procedure, the apple tree needs to be watered generously and the root circle should be mulched, which will prevent the roots from drying out. Trees should be planted at a distance of 4.5 m, and a distance of 3.5 m should be left in the row.

Features of growing Persian

Landing

Basic conditions

For the Persian, you need to allocate a little more space when planting, since its root system grows quite strongly. Therefore, holes should be dug at a distance of 4-5 meters from each other.
The place must be sunny, otherwise the fruits may become smaller, and in some cases a tree in the shade may not bloom at all.
The occurrence of groundwater and the general humidity of the growing area are more important. At elevated rates, the risk of developing scab and other fungi reaches its peak, so you need to take care of drying the area if there is no other option. You cannot place the Persian near rivers and lakes, near shallow wells, ponds or in floodplain meadows, swamps, all this will cause constant illness. You can make artificial embankments and plant trees in them.
The tree is not too thick, so problems with the ventilation of the crowns usually do not arise, but this is also worth keeping an eye on. It is undesirable to allow air stagnation, since fungi love them, but a draft can also destroy a young tree.
It is not necessary to prepare the holes in advance, but you can. Usually they dig holes up to 1 meter in diameter and 80-90 centimeters deep, lay fertile soil at the bottom, then a drainage layer and fill everything with water. If they are done at least 3-4 weeks before planting, fertilizers can be added to the soil, then they will not have to be applied for an additional 3-4 years.
In the center of the hole, preferably on the north side of the seedling, a stake made of wood, metal or plastic is driven in; it will serve as a reliable support for the young apple tree for the first time. It is not advisable to remove it in the first 3-4 years.
If you want to preserve the properties of the rootstock, then the grafting site should be left above the surface; approximately 6-9 centimeters will be enough, even taking into account the initial subsidence after the first watering.
In the center of the hole, the drainage is raked into a pile and an apple tree is placed on it, held by the trunk, sprinkled with soil and slightly shaken to avoid voids and air pockets, which can lead to rotting of the roots. The surface is compacted by hand, watered and mulched.

Disembarkation dates

Like most apple trees, Persian needs planting of this type when the movement of juice in the trunks has not yet begun, or has already ended. It takes root equally well in both spring and autumn varieties. Young seedlings are not afraid of even fairly severe return frosts. Therefore, you can choose any planting period that is more convenient.

Tree care

Protection from frost and pests

The Persian does not need special wrappings; she can independently withstand even very severe frosts. However, standard precautions still won't hurt. Spruce branches, hay or straw are placed on the root zone, and the trunks are wrapped in burlap or other available materials.

Whitening the trunks twice a year with a lime solution certainly won’t hurt. This way insects will not settle in chipped bark and spoil the wood. You can get rid of rodents that eat young twigs and bark by lubricating the lower part of the trunk with aromatic rendered lard, fuel oil or grease. There are also industrial products that can be used; you can consult them at a gardening store.

Loosening the soil, watering: proper agricultural technology

They dig at the apple tree twice a year at a young age, and at the same time remove weeds and debris. This is done in early spring and late autumn, when there is no movement of sap in the trunks. Then, even if the root is damaged, the tree will not receive severe stress and will recover faster. You can hoe the soil 4-7 times per season, as needed. For example, you definitely need to stir it up after watering the next day, otherwise it may turn into asphalt.

There won’t be any special work with watering either. A young one- or two-year-old seedling can be provided with 4-5 applications of moisture per season, but an adult does not need even that. Occasionally, in the most unfavorable periods, when the heat is intense and there is still no precipitation, you can add moisture an extra 3-4 times. It is good to dilute fertilizers with water and pour them along the projection of the crown perimeter.

Pruning: simple crown formation

The tree is not prone to excessive thickening, so there will be no problems with pruning either. Usually apple trees are taken from the nursery. Pruning: simple crown formation with already trimmed crowns, having a central conductor and 3-4 skeletal branches. It is enough to simply maintain natural branching, occasionally remove shoots that stick vertically inward, and this will be just enough.

Sanitary cleaning must be carried out regularly. All dry, diseased or broken branches must be removed immediately, otherwise they will provoke the development of diseases. It is advisable to cover the cut areas with paint or garden varnish.

Pollinator varieties

Prima.
Sunrise.
Pyros.
Kate.
White filling.
Everest.
Julia.
Padding.

Reproduction

Kidney vaccination.
Budding.
Layerings.
Growing from seeds.
Cuttings.

Diseases and pests

Scab.
Cytosporosis.
Powdery mildew.
Black cancer.
Leaf roller.
Psyllad.
Shield.
Hawthorn.
Green aphid.

Further care

You need to regularly monitor soil moisture in the first year after planting. In the absence of seasonal rains, it is necessary to water the seedling once a week .
To do this, use rain or settled water. Mature trees need to be watered three times a season: during the period of bud opening, at the end of flowering and at the stage of ovary formation. Moistening should be carried out along the diameter of the crown, soaking the soil to a depth of 10 cm.

You need to start feeding the tree in the second year . At the beginning of the growing season, urea and organic matter should be used, and after flowering and during fruit formation, mineral mixtures with a high content of potassium and phosphorus should be used.

Starting from the second month of summer, it is impossible to use nitrogen fertilizers to feed the Persian, as this prevents the maturation of young shoots.

Moderate shoot formation of the variety does not contribute to radical pruning. Experienced gardeners recommend forming the Persian as a sparsely tiered tree. You should also annually clean the crown from broken and damaged branches and shading shoots.

Would you like to plant a Persian apple tree on your plot?

Yes, an interesting varietyNo, I wouldn’t like it

Growing in regions

Different regions will require a separate approach to planting seedlings.

In Siberia

The Persian variety is frost-resistant and suitable for growing in the harsh weather conditions of this region. Even with slight frostbite, the tree is able to recover on its own.

In the Urals

In this region, the apple tree can withstand sudden changes in temperature in winter.

Sometimes it can be affected by scab in the summer.

In central Russia

The apple tree has proven itself well in this region. Due to its high winter hardiness, it does not suffer frost damage, but is sometimes affected by scab or powdery mildew, especially if there is a lot of rain in the summer.

Diseases and pests

This variety is susceptible to scab . The likelihood increases significantly in the event of a rainy, cool summer. To maintain the crop’s immunity at a high level, it is recommended to carry out preventive treatment in spring and autumn with Bordeaux mixture or copper sulfate. You should also use “Agate” if signs of the disease appear during the growing season.

The Persian may also suffer from pests that are inherent in this culture. To combat overwintering larvae, you need to whiten the trunk and skeletal branches with copper sulfate, and also burn all plant debris in the fall. If the apple tree is damaged, the following drugs should be used: “BI-58”, “Fufanon”.

Subspecies and options

Dwarf

This tree was specially created for the small growth of the tree:

Firstly, due to its short growth, the tree will freeze less .
And secondly, it will be easier to care for and harvest the apple tree .

Columnar

Recently, columnar apple trees have become widespread.

Their height is small, and the number of branches is limited to one . This is the central conductor on which fruit ripening occurs.

Due to the small size of the apple tree, their number in the garden plot can increase significantly.

This will allow you to grow not one, but several varieties on your site.

creeping

This type of variety is specially created for harsh climate conditions. The branches spread along the ground cover and are covered with snow in winter. Thus, the apple tree does not freeze .

Winter

The Winter Persian tree has a high level of winter hardiness. Fruit ripening begins in late autumn. And the fruits can be eaten throughout the winter period.

Advantages and disadvantages

The Persian, despite many advantages, also has certain disadvantages. And in order to avoid problems later, you need to familiarize yourself with the strengths and weaknesses of the variety in advance.

Main advantages:

high productivity;
accelerated pace of development;
stable yield;
undemanding to soil composition and care;
suitable for transportation and long-term storage;
pleasant taste and aroma;
marketability of fruits;
good ripening of young shoots;
low sensitivity to drought and frost;
versatility of crop use.

Flaws:

susceptibility to scab;
increased likelihood of branches breaking;
needs pollinators.

Positive points

Stunting turns out to be beneficial for gardeners. It is easier for them to care for the apple tree and harvest from it. Dwarf varieties rarely reach a height of 2 meters. They are also not characterized by extensive growth. All care manipulations (pruning, chemical treatment) or picking apples can be done directly from the ground. Ladders, stepladders, special devices for picking fruit, and extended loppers will remain out of use when growing a dwarf variety.
Early period of fruiting. Ordinary (vigorous) trees produce a harvest for 5–7 years after planting in a permanent place. The same amount of time is required to stabilize the yield. As a result, you have to wait a long time for a full apple harvest. With the “Krokha” variety, and with other dwarf species, fruits begin to be harvested from the age of 3. Stability in fruiting itself occurs after another 2 years. The difference between 15 years and 5 is obvious.

Compactness of the plant. Where only one apple tree would fit, you can plant five dwarf trees. The main advantage that gardeners highlight is the saving of land area. It is worth adding that a dwarf tree requires less fertilizer and less preparation for treatment against diseases and pests. Also an obvious benefit.
Productivity. For its size, a small tree produces a harvest no less than a large apple tree. In this regard, breeders around the world note the superiority of dwarf varieties over ordinary species.

With the advantages of dwarf apple trees, everything is fine - there are many of them and they are all significant. However, the disadvantages cannot be ignored. Based on the reviews, we can conclude that they exist too.

Reviews from gardeners

Many gardeners note the stable yield of Persian, but in the case of a cold, rainy summer, the apples do not gain sweetness and therefore sourness predominates in the taste. It was also noted that this species is only formally considered winter, but the apples are already ready for consumption after being picked from the tree in late August or early September. And they are stored for a relatively short time. The taste of fruits noticeably deteriorates after the New Year.

Many gardeners note the high resistance of Persian to frost and drought. But at the same time, the pulp of its fruits is not as juicy as that of Krasa Sverdlovsk .

What type does it belong to?

Persianka apple tree is a winter variety , which is zoned in the Ural and Volga-Vyatka regions and has become widespread in the regions of the Urals. It is also recommended for production testing and gardening in the Orenburg region as a very promising variety for cultivation.

Winter varieties of apple trees also include Memory of the Warrior, Isetsky Late and Renet Chernenko.

It is characterized by high drought resistance and winter hardiness - it can tolerate low temperatures (up to 40 ° C) without any significant losses, after which it quickly recovers.

The fruits ripen in early September and, if properly stored, do not lose their taste until March-April. Apples should be stored at a temperature of 1-3 degrees in a vegetable pit (cellar): they should be placed in small boxes or boxes in 2-3 layers, each layered with tracing paper, paper or vegetable film.

The following varieties also have good shelf life: Orlovsky Pioneer, Moscow Winter and Shtrifel.

Similar varieties

There are several varieties of the crop that are in many ways similar to Persian. But they also have certain differences. Varieties similar to Persianka:

Nastenka . It is characterized by a tall tree with a highly oval, not dense crown. It is characterized by high yield and frost resistance. Suitable for growing in northern regions. The apples are medium and large, weighing from 100 g to 180 g. The color of the fruit is greenish-yellow, the outer cover is dark red in the form of a blurred striped blush. The taste is sweet and sour, sugar content is about 10.9%. Tasting score 4.6-4.7 points.
Pervouralskaya . Late winter ripening variety. It is characterized by medium-sized trees and has an intensive growth rate. The crown is dense, wide, highly oval. The fruits are medium and large, weighing 120-160 g. The main color of apples is greenish-yellow, the cover is a beautiful red-orange shade in the form of a blush on most of the surface. Subcutaneous points are small, barely noticeable. Harvesting is recommended at the end of September, followed by ripening until December; the fruits are stored until May in a cool, dark room.
Beauty of Sverdlovsk . Large-fruited winter variety. It is distinguished by medium-sized trees with a dense, rounded crown. Fruit weight is 140-240 g. The pulp is fine-grained, dense, crispy. Harvesting is recommended at the end of September. Storage duration 4 months. The seedling begins to bear fruit 6-8 years after planting. The apple tree produces a harvest every year. The variety is characterized by high resistance to scab.

Agricultural technology

The time for harvesting occurs in the last days of September, but the fruits are not yet ready for consumption at this time; they will ripen until the beginning of the winter season. Winter will be ready to greet you with a ripe apple harvest. The winter and spring periods are also called consumer periods, because it is at this time that the crop is ready for consumption, both fresh and in the form of various preparations. But practice shows that an appropriate storage regime for fruits can prolong their freshness for a longer time, sometimes until the new harvest is harvested in September.

After growth slows down, the fruiting period begins.

The intensive growth of plants in the first five years after planting is not accompanied by the appearance of a harvest. Only after growth slows down does the fruiting period begin. Productivity increases every year with the simultaneous enlargement of ripening fruits. There are no rest periods, fruiting is regular.

Wintering with severe frosts and periods of long periods of lack of watering are not critical for the variety, since apple trees have valuable qualities: winter hardiness and drought resistance.

Note! For the planting process, annual seedlings are ideal, which are recommended to be pruned half a meter to form four skeletal branches on the side. Planting can be done both at the initial stage of the growing season (spring) and at its end (autumn)

But in the latter case, it is important to plant the plant just before the onset of frost. Before they begin to grow, the seedlings can easily withstand any low temperatures

During the first 2-3 years, a seedling that has not yet matured must be tied to a vertical support (stake). The place where you plan to place the apple trees should be open and spacious. Digging of planting holes should correspond to a 3x3 meter pattern. The bottom of the pits is filled with three-year humus.

Plant feeding is traditionally carried out annually in the spring and summer seasons. Immediately after the snow melts, it is useful to feed the plant with nitrogen fertilizers (urea). For an adult plant, you will need four buckets of the finished composition at the rate of 30-40 grams of fertilizer per bucket. At the beginning of summer, you can switch to the use of complete mineral fertilizers, and at the end of the summer period, complete fertilizing with potassium and phosphorus.

During the entire growing season, plants should be watered at least three times. The sufficient amount of moisture required for each adult apple tree is on average 40 liters. In this case, water should not fall on the above-ground parts of the trees. For better absorption of liquid, it is enough to provide the root areas of the soil with small grooves through which water can quickly penetrate into the roots. In August, watering should be stopped completely. From this moment, the plants begin their leisurely preparations for the winter period.

Botanical description and characteristics of the columnar apple tree Vasyugan

Externally, such apple trees are similar to pyramidal poplars. They have practically no lateral branches, and fruiting occurs on spears and ringlets along the trunk. Their relatively small height (up to 2 m) and early fruiting (2 years) make them extremely popular. The peculiarity of such trees is that they will grow and bear fruit for about 15–20 years, and then begin to die off.

Did you know? The first columnar apple tree was obtained completely by accident

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it was a mutated branch of the McIntosh variety that was grafted onto the rootstock.
The variety was named Vazhak and became the ancestor of a new type of apple tree. There are a lot of options for using homemade columnar varieties: they are used to decorate gazebos and recreation areas, create hedges and, of course, for harvesting. On average, this is 10–16 kg of apples from one tree. Another feature of these trees is regular fruiting. Yields are affected by weather conditions, soil fertility and watering, but in any case you will have a harvest of apples every year.

Tree morphology and fruit description

The tree is characterized by a small compact cylindrical crown without side branches. The trunk is heavily leafy. Flowering occurs on small branches with flower buds along the trunk. Branching is possible during the first 3 years of growth. If the apical bud dies during this period, the plant forms side shoots, so gardeners try to preserve it.

Did you know? If you plant a plot of 1 hectare with columnar apple trees, then there will be room for 20,000 trees, which in a season will bring a harvest of 800 centners.

After the apple tree begins to bear fruit, its growth stops, and in the remaining years the energy is focused on fruiting. The first harvest can be obtained already in the 2nd year of growth. Over the next 5 years, the yield increases until it reaches its maximum. After 20 years, most of the ringlets will dry out, and the tree will need to be replaced with a new one.

Characteristics of the Vasyugan variety:

originator - Institute of Horticulture, 1987;
the variety was obtained by crossing Brusnichnaya and KV5;
intended for Central Russia, but grows well in the Far Eastern District;
needs pollinators, productive, disease-resistant, early-bearing;
the tree is low-growing, semi-dwarf;
height 2–3 m, depends on the scion;
the trunk is strong, densely leafy;
the crown is compact, elongated, with a diameter of no more than 1 m;
lifespan - 15 years.

The apple tree blooms in early May. Produces medium-sized fruits. Harvest can be planned for late August or early September, depending on weather conditions.

Find out what an apple is and what its features are.

Fruit characteristics:

apples: round-conical, weighing up to 100–140 g;
peel color: when technically ripe - green, when ripe - red, due to the intense blush covering the fruit;
peel: dense, thin;
pulp texture: juicy, grainy, white;
taste: dessert, sweet and sour;
tasting score: 4 points out of 5;
yield: average, 6–8 kg per tree is harvested annually.

Positive qualities of the variety

The advantages of the Vasyugan columnar apple tree are:
compactness - takes up no more than 1–1.5 m² of land;
high decorative properties;
precociousness - fruiting begins in the 2nd year;
useful life - 15 years;
ease of care;
high winter hardiness;
stable yield;
disease resistance.

The yield of columnar apple trees depends on how good the conditions are for the tree to grow. It definitely needs good lighting, fertile soil and abundant watering.

Main pollinators

The pollinator can be a variety that blooms in early May: for example, the Canadian columnar apple tree Sunrise. If Vasyugan apple trees for planting are purchased at a nursery, then there will certainly be varieties that can be pollinators.

How to plant Antonovka correctly

Antonovka is planted in spring or autumn. When planning spring planting, it is necessary to loosen the soil even before the onset of the previous winter. The temperature difference thus ensured will not allow weed seeds that enter the planting area to develop in winter. Autumn planting must be completed in mid-October, otherwise the seedlings will not have time to take root.

Proper planting involves preliminary preparation of a hole 80*100 cm with loosened soil. The actual planting takes place after about 2 weeks. The bottom of the hole is first lined with turf, compacted and watered. An earthen layer of about 15 cm is added on top, mixed with manure, peat, humus, compost and mineral fertilizers.

The seedling is inserted into the hole, covered with soil, attached to a peg and watered. The leaves on the shoot need to be torn off to increase the supply of nutrients to the root. Seedlings should be located at least a meter in diameter from each other.

The Antonovsky variety of apples is not self-pollinating, so care should be taken to ensure that there are pollinating trees on the site. Anise, Striefel, Saffron Pepin, and White filling perform well in this role.

Apple tree Pervinka Golden: fruit characteristics

The apples are quite large, the average weight reaches 200-220 grams. The apple is one-dimensional, bulbous, conical with wide ribs. The peel is smooth, with a slight oily coating, and shiny. The color of the fruit of the Pervinka apple tree varies from green-yellow to orange with crimson sides. Often, instead of ruddy sides, stripes or dots of a burgundy hue appear on the fruits.

The number of subcutaneous points is large, they are large, gray in color, and stand out strongly. The stalks are thick and strong, the apples remain on the tree until the end of the season without falling off. The funnels are deep, conical, the cups are closed, and the saucers are deep with grooves. The seed chambers are closed.

The pulp of Pervinka apples is golden - soft, juicy, of medium density. The fruit has a bright color and a pleasant taste, so experts rate the appearance and taste of the fruit at 9 points. The composition of Pervinka fruits includes natural sugars 9.9%, vitamin C 2%, titratable acids 0.5%.

Early apple tree Folk

Origin

Early apple tree Narodnoye is a late-summer ripening apple tree variety obtained at the VNIIS named after. I. V. Michurina through the hybridization of Bellefleur-Chinese with Papirovka. The authors of the variety are V.K. Zaets, S.I. Isaev, Z.I. Ivanova, M.P. Maksimova.

Places of distribution

The Narodnoye apple tree variety is grown in the Central region, which includes Moscow and the Moscow region. Despite the average winter hardiness of the variety (up to -30 °Ϲ), the seedlings are covered for the winter in the first year after planting. In the Urals and North-West Russia, the tree is more susceptible to freezing of annual growth, especially shoots that have not ripened to persistent frosts. In order for the tree to feel comfortable, for planting you need to choose areas protected from cold northern winds. It is recommended to cover young trees for the first 2-3 years after planting.

The Narodnoye apple tree belongs to the group of early-fruiting varieties. It can bloom the next year after planting and produce a harvest of 3 kg of apples in the 3rd year. It is better to pick off the first flowers on the apple tree so that such an early start of fruiting does not detract from the forces needed to grow roots and shoots. Pollinability Another advantage of Narodny over other varieties of apple trees is its self-pollinability. It is completely self-pollinating. This tree bears fruit in hot weather and in rain. When the bees stop flying. In the absence of other flowering apple trees nearby. This remarkable property allows the gardener not to worry about natural disasters during flowering. Productivity The yield of the variety is 140-170 kg per mature tree. Considering that the apple tree itself is small, semi-dwarf in size, its fertility is considered high. According to the observations of Doctor of Agricultural Sciences I. S. Isaeva (daughter of the creator of the variety), the yield of the semi-dwarf Narodnoye is equal to the yield of the tall Antonovka tree. Fruit ripening and storage times

The apple tree grows well and bears fruit in fertile soils. The apple tree does not tolerate waterlogged soils and close groundwater.

Climatic conditions

In lowlands, freezing of the skeletal part of the tree is possible, as well as significant damage to flowers during spring frosts. Sunburn of the bark on standard and skeletal branches is possible.

Fruit

Mixed type of fruiting: on ringlets, fruitlets, spears and fruit twigs. The fruits are of medium size (weight 110-135 g), round in shape, with a slight cone. Some fruits have a narrow seam, characteristic of Papirovka. When harvested, the skin is greenish-yellow, with numerous gray, small subcutaneous dots over the entire surface. There is no cover coloring. Having reached full maturity, the fruits turn a beautiful golden yellow color. The stalk is of medium length. The saucer is narrow, small, slightly folded, the cup is of medium size, most often closed, but also semi-open. The heart is bulbous. The funnel is of small depth and width, slightly rusty. The subcup tube is funnel-shaped or conical. The seeds are dark brown, small, strongly convex. The pulp is yellowish in color, slightly greenish when picked, very juicy, tender, with a sweet and sour taste, with a pear aroma. Composition of the fruit: sugars – 11.4%, acids – 0.40%, dry substances – 13%, ascorbic acid – 7.7 mg/100g. The fruits are consumed fresh, but they are also suitable for technical processing. Young trees are rich in annual yields, and mature trees are rich in periodic harvests (25 kg of fruit per tree).

Leaves

The leaves are light green, medium in size, also broadly ovate or elongated with a pointed tip and oval base, abundantly pubescent. The leaf blade is curved at the base, with a crenate, wavy edge, the surface of the leaf is matte, wrinkled. The petiole is thin, of medium length, abundantly pubescent, the stipules are awl-shaped and small.

The ends of the branches are raised, the bark on the skeletal branches is brown. The shoots are thick, straight, brown with a gray tint, abundantly pubescent. A few medium-sized yellowish lentils.