Today, in the dachas and gardens of our compatriots, many varieties of trees such as cherries grow. Everyone is familiar with its sweet, juicy red berries. However, there are other varieties. Their fruits are yellow in color. The taste of such berries is in no way inferior to the usual red varieties.
Homestead yellow cherry is one of the best representatives of the species. Every summer resident should know what features it has, as well as recommendations for growing it.
general characteristics
All varieties of cherries are divided into black, orange, pink and yellow. The latter variety is characterized by high yield and high taste. Homestead yellow cherry (photo presented below) is one of the best representatives of the presented fruit trees.
The variety was developed as a result of the breeding activities of domestic scientists. To obtain it, varieties such as Golden Loshitsa and Leningrad red cherries were crossed. Moreover, the resulting seeds were subjected to special irradiation. For this, fast neurons were used.
The variety was distributed throughout the Central Black Earth region in 1998. This is one of the new varieties that domestic breeding science managed to grow. During its existence, homestead yellow cherries have become widespread among gardeners and summer residents in our country.
Pollinators and care
The hybrid is self-sterile, the best pollinators for planting nearby are Vinka, Skorospelka, Valery Chkalov, Bigaro Burlat. Wood and fruit buds normally resist frost, but this statement is only true for the width of breeding.
One of the main advantages of early varieties is that the cherry fly does not have time to spoil their fruits. Therefore, the risk of getting wormy cherries at the end is reduced. The form also successfully resists diseases. Monilliosis, bacterial cancer, and coccomycosis rarely damage the garden if the schedule of preventive treatments is followed.
Description of the variety
Yellow home cherries are characterized by early productivity. The description of the variety (photo below) confirms its high yield. Sweet cherries are not recommended for growing in industrial gardens. But for a private plot this tree is ideal. This is confirmed even by the name of the variety, which contains the word “homestead”.
The tree grows quite quickly. It can reach large sizes in height. The first fruits appear on the branches 6 years after planting young trees. The fruits are characterized by a round shape. They are large and have a wide funnel. The pulp of the berries is juicy. It has a cartilaginous structure. The fruit juice is clear. The stone is quite large, but it is easily separated from the pulp.
These cherries taste sweet, but also have a slight sourness. It has a high content of vitamin C. It is a healthy food product that can replenish the supply of vitamins and minerals in the body.
Description of fruit and tree
Priusadebnaya cherry is an early ripening variety, the berries of which ripen by the 10th of June. The hybrid is self-fertile, but for better yields it is necessary to plant pollinating trees nearby. Varieties such as Skorospelka and Vinka are suitable for pollinating the crop.
Did you know? Residents of Asia Minor began cultivating cherries as early as 8 thousand years BC.
The tree is of medium height, up to 4 m in height. The top is medium thick and has a pyramidal shape. The leaf blades are oval in shape, with a pointed end, their color is dark green with a glossy sheen. The flower ovaries are white, collected in inflorescences of 3 pieces. Fruiting of the backyard cherry begins in the 3rd year of growth; up to 50 kg of products can be collected from one tree during the ripening period of the berries. The berries are large, spherical in shape, slightly flattened on the sides. The color of the fruit is yellow, there is a noticeable pink blush, which is distributed over the entire surface of the berry.
Familiarize yourself with the rules for planting cherry seedlings in the spring.
Weight is 6 g. The soft part of the fruit is sweet, creamy in color, delicate structure, juicy. The stone is medium in size and difficult to separate from the pulp. The tree can tolerate frosts down to -20°C, so it is not recommended to grow plants in regions with harsh climates.
Reviews from gardeners
Homestead yellow cherry (variety description, photos, reviews will be presented below) is considered a tree resistant to various unfavorable conditions. Many summer residents choose this variety for planting because of its high yield.
The tree grows quite quickly, its height can reach 4 m. Some summer residents note this feature as a disadvantage of the variety. The crown has a spherical shape and a tiered branching pattern. It takes up a lot of space in the garden.
The tree, shoots and generative buds, according to reviews from experienced gardeners, are resistant to frost in winter. Flower buds are not susceptible to spring frosts. This is a self-fertile variety.
When pruning and crown formation, the recommendations for the presented variety remain the same as for all cherries. The tree is resistant to pests and diseases. The fruits do not crack in rainy weather.
Diseases and pests of Cherry Homestead Yellow
The Priusadennaya variety is resistant to major diseases and crop pests. Their spread occurs in rainy and cold weather, when shoots are dense and agricultural practices are violated. The most dangerous cherry diseases are moniliosis, coccomycosis, and clasterosporiasis. Damage is indicated by the appearance of dark spots on leaves, buds and fruits. The drug HOM, Bordeaux mixture, and copper sulfate help fight them.
Advice! Spraying is best done in dry, cloudy weather. All treatments are stopped 3 weeks before harvesting.
Cherries are susceptible to attack by weevils, cherry flies, aphids, and hawthorns. They feed on the juices of the tree and its fruits, weaken the immune system and transmit diseases. Special preparations are used against insects: Actellik, Lepodocid. They are dissolved in water and then sprayed on the garden. During the ripening period, cherries switch to folk remedies: infusions of dandelions, onion peels, tobacco dust, and wood ash.
Reviews about the fruits
The homestead yellow cherry variety, reviews of which are provided by gardeners in various sources, has large fruits. Their weight on average reaches 5.5 g. The diameter of the berry is 2 cm or more. The abdominal suture is moderately expressed. The long stalk is easily separated from the berry during the picking period. The color of the fruit (outer and inner) is characterized by yellow color. There are also no dots under the skin.
Harvesting, according to reviews from summer residents, takes place in early June. During this period, the berries become heavily filled with juice and increase in size. According to reviews, the taste of the fruit was rated 4.7 points (on a five-point scale). The berries belong to the table variety. The bone occupies 8.5% of the total mass.
The berries are consumed fresh or sealed in jars. Compotes and jams are prepared from these cherries. According to the recipe, you should add a little less sugar than when preparing canned red berries. The small acid present improves the taste of the product.
Advantages and disadvantages of the variety
- Positive qualities of the variety:
- The early fruitfulness of the variety allows harvesting in the shortest possible time.
- High fruiting rates.
- Average frost resistance.
- The berries are not prone to cracking in humid weather conditions.
- It has high rates of immunity to scab and clasterosporiasis.
The disadvantage of the culture is the low transportability of the fruits and the short shelf life of the products.
Choosing a landing site
Homestead yellow cherries, reviews of which are provided by summer residents and gardeners, require the correct choice of planting site. Experts recommend adhering to certain rules when carrying out this process.
The presented variety of cherries needs sufficient sunlight. This is one of the main requirements for choosing a landing site. If the tree does not receive enough light, the fruit will become less sweet and the yield will decrease.
In order for the tree to survive winter well, it should be planted next to the house or country houses. The ideal place is considered to be the space between the bathhouse and the house or the fence and the barn. There should be a brick structure on the north side of the tree. It is better to plant the presented variety on a hill. The tree does not tolerate flooding well.
Planting cherries on the site
Recommended timing and planting scheme
When is the best time to plant? Gardeners have different opinions: some insist on autumn, others prefer spring. In both cases, there may be risks for the fragile plant. This is either an unexpectedly frosty, snowless winter, or the time from frost to bud break is too short to have time to purchase a seedling and plant it. And the yellow cherry blossoms early.
Therefore, experienced specialists select seedlings in the fall and plant them in the spring. To preserve the tree over the winter, it is buried in a semi-horizontal position on a high, level area with loose soil. In winter, you need to cover it well with snow, and if there is none yet, but the frost is getting stronger, cover it with straw, rags or peat, or an old blanket.
In winter, there will be time to think about where the most suitable place for planting is, so as not to replant later. Cherry doesn't like this.
By the way: you can’t replant trees with blossoming leaves.
In the spring (as soon as the soil allows), bare-rooted seedlings are planted. Those purchased in a container can be planted at any time, from April to October.
Homestead yellow cherries are usually planted according to a 3 m x 3 m pattern. It is believed that it is a good idea to place it almost close to the house or other dacha building. So that the northern winds do not bother you. Then it will be easier for her to survive the winter.
Soil requirements
The presented cherry variety places special demands on the soil. The homestead yellow variety of fruit trees prefers to grow on sandy, loamy, light soils. Heavy sandy or clay soils will lead to insufficient tree development. Soil acidity should approach a neutral level (pH 6.5-7.0).
The tree does not tolerate high humidity, and stagnant water in the soil is also harmful to it. Excessively dry soil is also a negative factor. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor the condition of the soil. It is dug up and periodically (as needed) watered.
In the area where it is planned to plant cherries, groundwater should pass at a depth of no higher than 1.5 m. Otherwise, the roots will rot. If in the area where the dacha is located, groundwater comes too close to the surface, a drainage system should be created. This will maintain the required humidity level.
Preparing for landing
Before planting young trees, it is necessary to consider the features of their choice. Homestead yellow cherries, the variety description of which was presented above, involves performing this process at a certain period of the year. In spring, trees with bare root systems can be planted. For those plants that grow in a container, the period from April to October is suitable.
One-year or two-year-old seedlings should be purchased. When choosing, you should pay special attention to the root system of the plant. It should be developed, consist of many branches with branches. Grafted trees should be purchased. If the cherry was grown from a pit, most likely it will not produce a varietal tree. The grafting site is clearly visible on the seedlings. Young trees intended for planting should not have blossoming leaves.
After purchasing in the spring, the branches of the seedlings can be pruned. Do not injure the roots. They can be carefully straightened, but cutting is strictly prohibited. The more developed the root system is, the faster the tree will take root. Before planting, it is necessary to provide sufficient space for the cherries. Its feeding area is about 12 m² of site area.
Recommendations for choosing a seedling
It is better to select seedlings from well-known nurseries, which guarantee both quality and the Priusadabnaya yellow cherry variety.
If it is not possible to contact the nursery, be more careful: it happens that unscrupulous sellers slip low-quality goods, and sometimes even “plums instead of apple trees.” So it's worth critically evaluating your purchase. Should be:
- having a passport;
- one-year or two-year-old seedling;
- at least 3 roots about 20 cm long;
- vaccinated;
- without blossoming leaves;
- the roots are not frozen;
- no damage, mold, or signs of rot.
When planting, dried roots are immersed in water for several hours, but it would be better if they were immediately more alive.
Disembarkation
Homestead yellow cherry, the description of the variety of which allows one to draw a conclusion about the advisability of planting it on one’s own plot, is planted using a certain technology.
The distance between young trees should be at least 3.5 m, and between rows - 5 m. It is necessary to dig a hole about 60 cm deep. The soil removed from the hole must be mixed with mineral and organic fertilizers. It can be saltpeter, humus or superphosphate.
The earth is poured into the hole in a slide. A layer of soil without fertilizer is poured onto it. Next, a seedling is placed in the hole. Its root system is covered with earth, compacting the soil well. Next, the tree is well watered. The root collar should remain above the surface at a height of about 5 cm.
Susceptibility to insects and diseases
Due to early flowering and fruiting, Homestead yellow cherries have time to ripen before pests appear. Not even a cherry fly can keep up with her.
The variety is resistant to common diseases. But in rain and cold and with an unthinned crown, the cherry tree can find itself in a very difficult situation. Therefore, in dry cloudy weather, trees are sprayed with Bordeaux mixture or copper sulfate, just in case.
Treatment of cherries with drugs is stopped 3 weeks before harvesting.
One cannot ignore a certain category of pests: birds. If they get into the habit, you will have to cover the tree with a special net
Tree care
Homestead yellow cherries require proper care. The yield and taste of the fruit will depend on the correct irrigation and fertilizing. In the first 6 years after planting a young tree, when flowers appear on its branches, they are carefully cut off. This allows the root system to grow better.
Cherries require regular watering. This procedure is carried out periodically throughout the growing season. Watering is required approximately once a month. If there is a drought for a long time, this procedure is performed more often. Watering should be done approximately once a week.
A young tree needs feeding. Organic fertilizers are applied in the middle and late spring to the tree trunk circle. After the cherries grow, you can perform a similar procedure at the end of summer. In order for the tree to survive the winter well, phosphorus fertilizer should be added to the soil no later than September.
Winter protection
The homestead yellow cherry variety needs additional protection in winter. This is a rather complicated procedure. However, its implementation significantly affects the condition of the tree and its fertility.
To prevent the tree from freezing, it should be well covered with fallen snow. The soil around the trunk must be dug up. This issue should be given attention in the fall. A stick is dug in next to the young seedlings. This support will support the tree until it gains strength.
In addition to frost, the tree can be negatively affected by pests and rodents. It’s easy to prevent their attacks on cherries. The trunk must be tied with roofing felt. In spring, the tree must be sprayed with special solutions when signs of disease appear. The remedy should be selected in accordance with the disease affecting the cherry.
Trimming
Homestead yellow cherries need proper crown formation. To do this, immediately after planting a young tree, its branches are pruned. The procedure can also be performed in May or early June. This procedure will stimulate the growth of lower branches. This will also speed up the fruiting process.
When pruning, it is not recommended to leave an unbranched seedling 1 m long. Otherwise, subsequent shoots will grow even higher. In this case, it will be difficult to pick berries. Branches with 4-5 buds up to 50 cm long should be left.
If the young branches of an annual seedling are cut too short (less than 35 cm), the growth of the tree will increase and fruiting will slow down. Therefore, pruning must be carried out competently, following the recommendations of experienced gardeners.
During sanitary pruning, you can also remove dried or diseased branches. This stimulates the fertility of the cherry. In this case, the tree will be healthy and strong.
Having looked at what homestead yellow cherries are, as well as having studied the features of their care and planting, every gardener will be able to grow the presented tree on their plot. Its high yield and high taste of the fruit make the presented variety popular and widespread in our country.
Cherry agricultural technology
Cherries are picky about the planting site. It should be well lit, sunny and protected from strong winds. The amount of sunlight directly affects the sugar content of cherry fruits, as well as the volume of the harvest.
Cherry seedling with open root system
Cherry Fatezh
The soil for this variety is loamy or sandy loam. Groundwater should lie no closer than two meters to the soil surface. If there is a possibility of flooding of the planting site, it is necessary to make a drainage system in advance, or even better, reschedule the planting. The acidity of the soil should be neutral. Heavy, acidic soils with close groundwater will not allow the tree to develop and bear fruit normally.
Cherry seedlings with an open root system can only be planted in the ground in early spring.
Important! Autumn planting is very risky; a young, immature plant can die from frost.
Planting in late spring can also be detrimental to cherry seedlings. A significant increase in air temperature and lack of moisture will affect the formation of the tree.
Planting plants in containers is possible both in spring and autumn.
Preparing the planting hole
- In the selected area, remove stones and weeds in advance and dig a hole measuring 70*70 cm.
- Leave a distance of 3.5 meters between seedlings. The feeding area of one tree is about 12 square meters. meters.
- Place a layer of drainage at the bottom of the hole.
- Mix the excavated soil with fertilizers: organic matter - humus, manure, humus, or a mineral complex of superphosphate (0.2 kg) and potassium chloride (0.4 kg).
- For support, immediately drive a 2 m pole into the bottom of the hole.
- Fill the hole with a mixture of soil and fertilizers and water generously so that the soil settles.
Selection of seedlings
Grafted healthy seedlings are best purchased at garden centers. When purchasing, you need to pay attention to the root system. It should be branched, well developed and not dried out. The stem must be smooth, without damage, with live buds. The age of the seedling for planting is 1-2 years.
Landing
You need to remove part of the soil from the hole, straighten the roots of the seedling and place it in the middle of the hole. After planting, the root collar should be 5-6 cm above the ground. Fill the soil back, carefully compact it and tie the seedling to the support.
On a note. Along the edge of the planting hole, you need to form a tree trunk circle, water and mulch the planting. The tree trunk circle should always be clean.
Trimming
When purchasing a seedling, you can prune it immediately, leaving a height of up to 1 meter with 4-5 buds, so that the tree forms side shoots and does not grow upward.
Proper pruning will help cherries increase their yield, increase the sugar content and size of the fruit, and also help avoid many fungal diseases. If a branch needs to be removed completely, it is cut off without leaving a stump. During rapid growth in August, you can shorten healthy young shoots by cutting off 15 cm, which will help the branch begin preparing for winter.
Pruning cherries (schematically)
To form the crown, the upper shoots must be shortened in time, leaving at least 40 cm in length.
Spring sanitary pruning must be carried out. Branches that thicken the crown of the tree, dried and broken branches, as well as those growing inside the crown are cut out. Young shoots should be left only straight and strong.
Important! You cannot immediately remove more than 25% of the green mass. This will shock the plant.
In the first year after planting, all flowers that appear on the tree must be removed. This will give him the opportunity to spend his energy on rooting, and not on fruiting.
From the moment fruiting begins, experienced gardeners recommend rationing the harvest, that is, removing 50% of the green ovaries. This will allow the remaining fruits to grow much larger, and the tree itself will bear fruit every year.
Any cherry tree is prone to the formation of root shoots; it must be removed so that the tree does not waste energy on an unnecessary mass of greenery.
Watering
After planting, a young plant is watered more often than an adult tree. The frequency and volume of watering depend on the amount of precipitation. During drought, the optimal regime is 4-5 times a month, 2 buckets of water for each tree.
On a note! The presence of moisture is especially important during fruit set. At the same time, buds are formed for next year's harvest.
Before the fruits ripen, watering should be reduced to prevent the crop from cracking. In a dry year, be sure to water the cherries before going into winter dormancy so that the tree is sufficiently saturated with moisture.
Top dressing
The tree will use up the fertilizers applied during planting by the third year of its life. Further feeding consists of applying nitrogen-containing fertilizers (urea) in the spring, and nitrogen-free fertilizers (superphosphate and potassium sulfate) in the autumn.
