What varieties of radish can be planted before winter -

You don't have to wait until spring to enjoy fresh, crunchy radishes. In winter it can be grown in a greenhouse. However, it will be possible to reap an excellent harvest only if agricultural techniques are followed. Radishes must be planted correctly and provided with suitable temperature, lighting and humidity.

Choosing varieties for winter sowing

How to plant radishes is already known, all that remains is to decide on the plant varieties for winter planting.
The main criteria for choosing varieties should be resistance to bolting, frost, and lack of light. Experienced summer residents recommend using the varieties “Zhara”, “Zarya” and pink-red with a white tip for winter planting. “Heat” and “Zarya” are early ripening, the first ripens in 15-18 days after germination, the second in 18-25 days. “Zarya” is also valued for its high yield and slightly spicy but mild taste. In addition to good yield, it boasts resistance to low light, which is very important for winter plantings.

The pink-red radish variety with a white tip is a mid-early variety, it ripens 25-30 days after germination. The main advantage of this variety is its pleasant taste, which is very popular among summer residents.

Planting radishes before winter is a risky undertaking, but if you do everything correctly, then at the beginning of spring you will have fresh, vitamin-rich vegetables on your table that will undoubtedly bring a lot of benefits to your health!

The first living vitamins or when to plant radishes in a greenhouse

What kind of vegetable is this and where did it come to us?

Radishes, which form edible root vegetables, are members of the Brassica family (formerly called Cruciferae because of their four-petalled flowers). It was domesticated in Europe before the creation of the Roman Empire. Currently grown and consumed all over the world in its raw form as a crunchy salad vegetable with a high content of vitamins beneficial to humans. It has a huge variety of varieties in shape, root color and ripening time. Sometimes they are grown together with other vegetables as a compacting crop or as beacons in crops of onions and carrots.

The seeds germinate very quickly in the soil and form a root crop in a short time. For the vast majority of varieties, the main crop is ready for harvest within 3-4 weeks, with the exception of daikons, also related to radishes, which take several months to ripen. Some varieties are grown for seeds for oil.

Sometimes not only root vegetables are eaten, but also juicy tender leaves, which also accumulate vitamins.

The only place where scientists have discovered truly wild forms of radishes is Southeast Asia. India, China and Central Asia became secondary habitats where various forms were developed. Roman and Greek farmers at the beginning of our era introduced into the culture radishes with a round and elongated shape, a sweet and spicy taste, and various fruit colors from white to purple. The largest radish was grown in the mid-16th century, weighing 45 kg.

Biological features of cultivation

Radishes grow very quickly and you can get up to four harvests per season. Seeds in moist soil and at temperatures from +18 to +25 degrees germinate within 3-4 days. In laboratory conditions, when air and water are passed through the seeds, the first sprouts appear within 18 hours. Radishes are long-day plants, and when the daytime solstice lasts more than 13 hours, they begin to flower. The best conditions for the formation of root crops are in the range from +10 to +18 degrees. Under average conditions, the first harvest of most varieties is ready for harvest in 18-25 days; in colder temperatures, this period can extend to 6-8 weeks.

Light sandy loam soils are most suitable for the growth of root crops. It is unacceptable to bring the top layer of soil to a dry state during seed germination, as this can lead to a severe delay in the emergence of seedlings and even their death.

Radishes do not compete with weeds, so the area for sowing must be free of weeds.

After harvesting, root vegetables are stored at room temperature without loss of consumer qualities for 2-3 days, so it is recommended to store them in the refrigerator without leaves at a temperature of +3...+6 degrees.

Radish planting and care has a number of features, which we will consider in more detail.

Sowing methods or how to plant radishes correctly

It is necessary to follow simple rules in order to get friendly shoots. Planting radishes in a greenhouse is done by placing the seeds in furrows at equal distances. The depth of planting affects the shape of the formed radish. If sowed very deeply, the root crops turn out to be elongated; if sowed too shallow, the seeds may dry out, fail to germinate, and a superficial root system is formed, which provides little nutrients to the plant. The optimal seed sowing depth is 1-1.5 cm.

Manual sowing

The most painstaking, but also the most reliable way of sowing radish seeds. It is used for small garden areas, up to 10 square meters. First, make a furrow 1-2 cm deep in the garden bed. Dry or soaked seeds are used. Take one seed at a time with your hands, gently pressing it between your thumb and forefinger, and place it in the groove. The seeds have rather delicate coverings, so they cannot be squeezed or rubbed too much in your hands; if they are damaged, they lose their viability and die. The distance between the seeds depends on the varietal size of the root crop and ranges from 4 to 10 cm. For the convenience of measuring the same distance, you can use a matchbox with a side length of 5 cm. Having laid the seeds on the bottom of the groove, they are carefully sprinkled with earth, preventing displacement. Then compact the soil from above with a light roller or wide board to improve seed-to-soil contact without over-compacting. After sowing, abundant watering is required until puddles begin to form, but do not overwater, as the seeds may float to the surface.

Sowing with a seeder

If the bed for radishes is more than 10 square meters, then it is better to use a mechanical hand seeder.

There are various types of planters, including single-row, double-row, and belt. Their main task is to evenly distribute the seeds along the furrow. Planting radishes in a greenhouse with their help is possible only with dry seeds, since they are severely injured with this method. Before use, the seeder is adjusted to the optimal depth and seeding rate. They are usually driven by a wheel on the seeding unit. When sowing, it is necessary to control how the process occurs; to do this, dig up the soil and evaluate the uniformity and depth of sowing. If there is a deviation from the specified parameters, the seeder is reconfigured. The disadvantage of this method of sowing is the inability to correct an incorrectly sown bed, but with sufficient skill it is possible to sow a fairly large area in a short time.

Sowing with ribbons

On quiet, long winter evenings, there is an opportunity to prepare for the fastest way to sow radishes in a greenhouse and stick the seeds on paper tapes. They should be 0.5 cm wide and 2-2.5 m long. Mark them with a pencil every 5 cm. Boil the paste from starch and water until creamy. Then, using it, the seeds are glued to the designated places on the tape. This is quite painstaking work, but it significantly speeds up sowing.

When the time comes to plant radishes, make grooves of the required depth and place prepared ribbons with seeds on the bottom. They are then sprinkled with soil, tamped down and watered. Water soaks the paste and paper and the seeds germinate freely, being at a precisely specified distance.

There are other ways to plant radishes (sowing seeds, mixing with paste and sowing through a bottle), but they do not provide uniform distribution of seeds and are not considered, because then it is necessary to thin out the seedlings.

The best sowing dates and when to plant radishes in a greenhouse

Taking into account the biological characteristics of radishes, root crops can be obtained from April to June and from September to January in a greenhouse with a film or glass cover. In winter, radishes are difficult to grow due to lack of light, but in summer, radishes bloom.

Under film covers in the spring, sowing dates are determined by soil temperature. Sowing seeds can be done when it is warmed up to +12...+15 degrees; such conditions usually occur in early April. After the emergence of seedlings, the film is opened during the day to prevent overheating of the plants, and closed back at night. When the average daytime air temperature approaches +25 degrees, the film is not closed, but is not removed in case of cold weather. Radishes in a greenhouse tolerate short-term frosts down to -3 degrees, but it is better to cover the plants when they are forecast.

After 4-6 weeks, you can sow radishes a second time in order to continue harvesting them until the beginning of summer. In the second rotation, film covers are used only during the period of seedling emergence. After this, the film is removed completely.

In the autumn in September, radishes are sown in a film greenhouse, when the air temperature drops below +25 degrees. Due to high temperatures, seeds may die or root crops may not form. Autumn radishes are the most delicious, as there is still plenty of sunlight, which contributes to the accumulation of sugar.

From November to January, radishes can only be grown in glass greenhouses. In them, temperature conditions are easily regulated by heating, so during this period sowing is done on any convenient day. During the period of germination it is maintained at +25 degrees, and during the period of growth and setting of root crops during the day + 22...+25 degrees, at night +15...+18 degrees. For winter cultivation, special shade-tolerant varieties are selected.

We hope that comprehensive information has been provided on how and when to plant radishes in a greenhouse, which will allow gardeners to harvest radishes almost all year round

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Delicious, slightly spicy, radishes are popular throughout the year. With the right approach, a radish growing business can bring good profits. It is especially profitable to sell vegetables in winter, during a period of limited supply. To get a good harvest, it is necessary to create conditions in the greenhouse that are as close to natural as possible.

Growing radishes in a greenhouse

For open ground

When choosing the best varieties of radishes for open ground, you should take into account the fact that they differ in terms of ripening.

Early ripening or ultra-early varieties have a ripening period of up to 20 days. The most popular are:

Early ripening varieties of radishes differ in ripening time from the moment of germination - up to 30 days. The best are considered:

Heat;
White Fang;
Sachs;
French Breakfast;
Ilka.

Mid-season varieties have a ripening period of up to 35 days. You can choose from the most popular:

Duro;
Quantum;
Faith;
Würzburg 59;
Autumn Giant;
Alba.

Late-maturing varieties require 35 to 45 days from germination to harvest. The best are considered:

Rampoush;
Dungan;
Ice icicle;
Red giant.

For the greenhouse

To achieve a good harvest of a vitamin vegetable planted in early spring, you should choose varieties that are resistant to reduced light. The best of them are high-yielding varieties:

Heat;
Silesia;
Diego;
Violet;
Krakowianka;
The Snow Queen;
Zlata;
Ruby;
Champion;
18 carat;
Helios;
Rondar;
Confetti;
Mokhovsky;
Frenchpop;
Deca;
Angelica;
Malaga.

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How to grow radishes

Caring for radishes will not take much time, especially if the crops were covered with mulch. When caring for radishes, you must follow these simple rules:

Watering radishes. Almost everyone knows that radishes love watering and when there is a lack of moisture in the soil, they begin to bolt. At the same time, the roots of plants growing in waterlogged and not drying soil will crack. Therefore, the soil must be kept slightly moist. To do this, on warm and dry days, plantings are watered in the morning and evening, and if it rains regularly, then one watering in the morning or evening will be enough.
Weeding and loosening. Plantings must be freed from weeds, especially while the plants are still young. In order for air to flow to the roots of the plants and for them to develop better, after weeding, the soil between the rows is carefully loosened. If you mulch the garden bed, there will be much less weeds growing on it, which will make it easier to maintain.
Radish feeding. Many gardeners ask the question - how to feed radishes to get a good harvest? If the soil on the site is fertile, then during plant growth one fertilizing with mineral fertilizers will be enough. Radishes growing in poor soil are fertilized twice, using not only mineral fertilizers, but also organic matter in the form of humus and compost.

Features of caring for radishes in greenhouses

After emergence, it is important to take care of lighting. Radishes do not need too long daylight hours; 12 hours is enough. More important is ample lighting: if the room is quite light, then after 12 hours the radishes need to be shaded.

Important! Strong shading for several days provokes the radishes to go into the arrow.

Irrigation rates

Radishes need high soil moisture, otherwise the fruits will be bitter, and cavities will quickly form inside, which will significantly reduce the quality of the product. On average, watering is carried out once every 3-4 days as the soil dries out. Root vegetables should not be allowed to sit in dry soil for even a couple of hours: this will spoil their taste. However, there should also not be excess moisture, otherwise the root crops will begin to rot. Soil humidity should be maintained within 50–60%, air humidity – 60–70%.

In the period after emergence, moderate watering is carried out for 1–2 weeks. On average, 1 liter of liquid is consumed per m². From the moment the first true leaf is formed, the intensity of watering is increased, performing water procedures more often, and leaving the amount of liquid at the same level.

Temperature

Before the emergence of seedlings, the temperature in the greenhouse must be maintained within +20...+25°C. Then it is sharply reduced to +6°C. From the moment the cotyledon leaves unfold and until the first present appears, the temperature is raised to +8...+10°C. From the moment the first true leaf appears, a constant temperature indicator is set - +12...+16°C. The soil temperature should not be lower than +14°C, otherwise the root crops will freeze.

Did you know? Radishes can be consumed not only raw. In France, a delicious soup is cooked with this vegetable and various side dishes are made from it for meat dishes.

Prevention of diseases and pests

To prevent the occurrence of diseases and pests, natural compounds and biological products are used that improve the condition of the soil and at the same time enrich it with microelements. One treatment is enough for the entire growing season. An ash solution cooled to +15°C is perfect in this regard. It is used instead of watering a week after germination. Ash can be used in dry form, spraying it on the above-ground parts of plants and between rows.

You can also use the drug “Emochka Freshness”. It is applied at the moment the cotyledon leaves appear. To prepare a solution, add 1 drop of the substance to 2 liters of water and spray it over the leaf. The walls of the greenhouse are treated with the same drug to prevent the spread of fungus and pests.

After each watering, the soil between the rows is carefully loosened to a depth of 10 cm. It would be rational to mulch the rows with compost - this will create obstacles in the way of pests and help retain moisture in the soil. Immediately after watering, ventilation should be provided for 15–25 minutes.

How to plant radishes correctly

To sow radish seeds, furrows or holes are made in the garden bed with a distance between rows of about 15 cm. The seeds are planted to a depth of two centimeters in moist soil (the holes or furrows are pre-watered abundantly).

To get a good harvest, it is recommended to plant radishes at a distance of three to five centimeters. You can sow the seeds often, and when the plants grow a little, thin them out. However, in this case, when pulling out a weak seedling, the roots of a nearby growing plant can be damaged. Therefore, it is better to spend a little time and plant radishes at the distance necessary for their development.

The planted seeds are first sprinkled with soil and then with a two-centimeter layer of mulch. You can use humus or peat as mulch, which will retain moisture in the ground. Before the seedlings appear, the crops are covered with film.

If the spring turns out to be warm and sunny, then the first shoots should appear in three to four days.

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How to plant radishes

A few days before sowing, the soil is covered with plastic film to warm it up. After preparing the soil, furrows are made on its surface at a distance of 10 cm from each other, into which the seeds are planted to a depth of 1.5 cm at a distance of 3-4 cm from each other. After planting, the furrows are watered.

Planting in autumn is carried out at a temperature not lower than +10...+12°C. For seedlings to appear, maintain a temperature of +16…+18°C. When the first leaves appear, the temperature is reduced to +8...+10°C for three days, after which it is raised again to +16...+20°C.

Which varieties of radishes to choose

Pre-winter planting requires the following qualities from the plant: it must be frost-resistant, tolerate a lack of sunlight and not have a tendency to go wild when there is a sudden change in weather conditions.

Breeders have developed varieties that meet these requirements:

Heat (fruit ripening lasts 15–18 days);
Zarya (root vegetables are ready to eat in 18–25 days);
radishes are pink-red, mid-early (ripening - 25–30 days after seedlings appear).

For autumn planting of radishes before winter, experts have developed certain varieties suitable for the required weather conditions.

The top three in terms of frost resistance and early ripening include such varieties as Yubileiny, Mayak, Spartak, and Carmen.

When to plant radishes in a greenhouse and open ground

For growth and development, radishes need a 13-hour daylight hours and an air temperature within 15... 20 degrees. Therefore, in the southern regions, radishes can be planted in a greenhouse as early as March, and in Siberia and the Urals, seeds are sown under film from mid to late April.

When choosing a day to plant radishes in open ground, you need to focus on weather conditions:

radish seeds germinate at a temperature of 2 degrees;
vegetables are not afraid of short-term frosts down to -3 degrees;
at temperatures above 18 degrees and short daylight hours, only the tops will grow, but the root crop will not grow.

Knowing these features of growing radishes, you can easily understand when to plant radish seeds in open ground and greenhouses in your region.

To always have fresh radishes on the table, they are planted in stages. To do this, the next sowings are carried out after the already planted seedlings have grown full-fledged leaves.

Radishes can be planted and harvested throughout the summer.

How and with what to insulate a bed with crops

While it is not yet very cold outside, autumn radish crops in the open ground do not need to be covered. With the onset of cold weather, mulch them with a 3-5 cm layer of humus or peat. On top, add an additional layer of dry leaves, straw or tops of 15-20 cm. You can cover it with spruce branches if it does not need to be specially torn off.

It is enough to cover a bed with radishes planted in a greenhouse in the fall with snow when it falls. If the winter is expected to be cold, then pre-mulch the bed, as in open ground.

Pay attention to the weather forecast. In cold winters with little snow, it is necessary to add additional snow to the beds with autumn crops.

When to plant radishes before winter

In the fall, when frosts begin, you can sow radish seeds, preparing the bed in late summer. In different regions, frosts begin at different times, so you need to focus on the weather. In central Russia, planting is usually done from mid to late November. In colder regions, winter radishes are planted in October.

The harvest of radishes planted in the fall can be harvested next year two weeks earlier than those sown in the spring.

You can find out when to plant radishes according to the Lunar calendar this year if you follow the highlighted link.

Radish varieties that can be planted in the fall before winter

For autumn planting, choose radish varieties that are able to germinate and develop at low temperatures. In this case, seedlings will appear in early spring, as soon as the ground warms up.

Suitable radish varieties for sowing before winter:

Carmen;
White Nights;
Mercado;
Icicle;
Anniversary;
Blue frost;
Lighthouse;
Zlata;
Spartacus;
Torero.

Thanks to breeders, many new varieties appear every year. We recommend asking consultants in specialized stores. Perhaps this year some new good varieties of radishes have appeared that are suitable for winter planting.

When to sow radishes?

Radishes have a short growing season - on average, 4 weeks pass from sowing to harvesting. Therefore, many gardeners, when stable warmth sets in, plant radishes in open ground every 7-10 days - and so on all spring. As soon as the old batch of root vegetables is collected, a new one is on the way!

Most radish varieties can be sown continuously throughout the spring - from March-April until the end of May, and then in August.

On the longest and hottest days of summer (especially June), a break is taken. Why? The fact is that radishes are short-day crops. Ideally, to grow a root crop, it requires 10-12 hours of daylight. If the day lengthens to 13-14 hours, and the air temperature rises to 25 degrees or more, most radish varieties begin to bloom (shoot). In this case, the root crop is small and skinny, since the plant spends all its energy on flowering and producing seeds.

However, if you really want to have fresh radishes on the table all summer, you can do the following:

Or cover the radish plantings every evening with dark non-woven material (spunbond, lutrasil) to shorten the daylight hours to 10-12 hours. For example, cover from 7 pm to 7-9 am.
Or, during the “difficult” period of summer, grow special non-shooting varieties of radish: Duro, Duro Krasnodarskoe, Malaga, Yum-Nyam, etc.

The second option - planting radishes of non-shooting varieties - is the most reliable and will not require unnecessary movements on your part. Look for information about bolting tendency on the seed packets. If the variety is not prone to flowering, this will be indicated by the manufacturer.

Radish Duro Krasnodar can be grown throughout the season; it is resistant to bolting (blooming) and sagging

How to care for seedlings?

Radishes in a greenhouse are very easy to care for; the gardener should follow only a few simple rules. After the seedlings sprout, they will need to be thinned out so that the distance between them is 2–3 cm. The fact is that if the sprouts crowd out and shade each other, the radishes may turn out small and not juicy. In addition, thinning the beds is recommended to prevent the formation of shoots.

Thinning beds to prevent the formation of shoots

You should also take care of optimal lighting in the greenhouse. Daylight hours for radishes should be 8–10 hours, but the lighting should be bright and intense. Compliance with this regime will ensure the formation of juicy, large and healthy root crops. Once a week, the soil in which the radishes are planted must be loosened so that it is soft, airy, and absorbs and retains moisture well.

Optimal lighting in the greenhouse

From time to time, radishes should be fed with nitrogen fertilizers, peat, and organic humus. To protect the plant from various garden pests, experienced gardeners recommend sprinkling the beds with a mixture of ash and tobacco dust as necessary. And, of course, timely weeding and regular ventilation of the room will be essential conditions for the successful cultivation of cold-resistant radishes in a greenhouse in winter.

Gardener's lunar calendar for March 2022

March is the traditional month for planting many seeds for seedlings, including according to the lunar calendar. In addition, other events can be held in the garden. The lunar sowing calendar for March 2022 recommends doing agricultural work in the following sequence:

1-2. You can plant radishes, carrots, and beets in the greenhouse. The moon at this time is in the constellation Capricorn, this has a positive effect on crops.
3-4. At this time, it is recommended to deal with already planted plants: weed, loosen the soil, hill up. You should not engage in planting and replanting, as well as apply fertilizers, since the Moon, which is in the barren sign of Aquarius, will have a negative impact on them.
From 5 to 9. It is not advisable to disturb the plants. You can do preparatory work related to the ground. This is the period of the new moon, the Moon at this time successively passes through the constellations of Pisces and barren Aries.
10-12. During this period, it is recommended to plant tomato and cabbage seeds for seedlings. You can plant radishes and greens in a greenhouse. This is a favorable time to remove potatoes from winter storage for germination. The fertile constellation Taurus will have a beneficial effect on planting.
13-14. A favorable time for planting greens, as well as onions. You can do all the work related to soil cultivation. The Moon, located in the neutral constellation Gemini, will not have a noticeable effect on crops.
15-16. During this period, it is recommended to plant tomatoes, peppers, cucumbers, and cabbage seedlings. At this time, the finished seedlings can be planted in a heated greenhouse. At this time, the Earth's satellite is in the most fertile of all signs - Cancer. Therefore, even the most demanding and delicate crops planted during this period will sprout well and develop well.
17-18. It is not recommended to do any garden work at this time. The Moon is in the barren constellation Leo.
From 19 to 20. It is recommended to engage in work related to the earth: loosening, weeding, hilling. There is no need to deal with seeds and seedlings these days. During this period, the moon is in the neutral constellation Virgo and will not have any significant effect on the plants.
21 March. Full moon, state of rest. No work is carried out at this time.
You can plant early carrots and radishes in the greenhouse. The constellation Libra, in which the Earth's satellite is located at this time, is neutral and will not affect plants.
23-24. It is recommended to plant root crops and seedlings. You can plant seeds of peppers, cabbage, and tomatoes for seedlings. The moon at this time is in the fertile constellation Scorpio, which will have a good effect on the harvest.
25-27. A good time to plant spring garlic, radishes, and onions, if weather conditions permit. Parsley, celery, and dill planted during this period will produce good shoots. The Moon, located in the constellation neutral Sagittarius, will not have a noticeable impact on the crops.
28-29. During this period, you can plant potatoes, beets, onions, carrots, and radishes. Vegetables planted at this time will have the longest shelf life. The Earth's satellite is located in the fertile constellation Capricorn.
30-31. These days are not suitable for planting and working with plants. The infertile sign of Aquarius will negatively affect plants.

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on the influence of the lunar calendar on plantings:

Features of growing radishes

In spring, you especially want fresh vegetables: after a long winter, you need vitamins and fiber. You can quickly and without much effort grow radishes on your plot, and if you also have a greenhouse, then the harvest from this amazing vegetable will appear on the table even earlier. Radish is one of the healthiest vegetables. It is rich in carbohydrates, proteins, organic acids and vitamins B 1, B 2, PP, C. This vegetable also contains a lot of potassium, magnesium and iron salts. The essential oils contained in this vegetable give it an unusual taste. Thanks to glycosides, it has a mild bitterness. Experienced gardeners know that growing radishes in a greenhouse is very simple. The main thing is that the greenhouse is located on the sunny side and is designed correctly.

Radish is an annual plant. It can be characterized as an early ripening, moisture- and light-loving plant, resistant to cold weather.

Basic information about radishes and their features

Before planting radishes in a greenhouse, you need to know the features of this vegetable:

Radish is an annual plant belonging to the cabbage class.

Radish is an annual vegetable; it belongs to the cabbage family.
This vegetable really loves light and warmth; if there is not enough sun, the root crops will not be large, so you need to plant it when the days are already long enough, that is, in the spring. If you plan to grow radishes in a greenhouse in winter, then additional lighting will be required.
This vegetable can tolerate frosts down to -3 degrees Celsius.
Vegetables will grow well at a temperature of 18-20 degrees. Extreme heat is also not needed: the root vegetables will be flabby and empty inside.
It is important to choose the right soil in the greenhouse.

If radishes are planted in acidic soil, then there is a possibility that the root crop will be infected with clubroot. If there is not enough nitrogen in the soil, the leaves and the vegetables themselves will not fully develop, and the leaves may still turn pinkish-crimson in color. If there is not enough potassium, then root vegetables will not appear soon.

How to prepare the soil for sowing radishes

It is important that the soil for planting radishes is neutral.

How prepared the soil is for planting is how the vegetables will grow. This is exactly what experienced gardeners think. In order to sow radishes in a greenhouse in early spring, you need to take care of the soil in the fall.

Dig up the soil in the greenhouse and add mineral fertilizers in the following composition: superphosphate about 40 g and potassium chloride about 15 g. This is the calculation per square meter.
It is important that the soil is neutral. Acidity can cause a number of unwanted diseases. Therefore, you need to add about 1.5 buckets of compost. The calculation is also per square meter. Only on such soil can full-fledged radish root crops be grown.
It is necessary to prepare the beds themselves in the fall, the width of which should be about a meter.

Preparing seeds for planting

When the weather becomes spring and the sun's rays begin to warm up the earth a little, you can prepare to plant radishes. First, you need to check the beds in the greenhouse again. Then you can start choosing seeds. In order for the root vegetables of radishes or radishes to be large and juicy, great attention must be paid to the choice of varieties of these vegetables.

In central Russia, radishes can be grown in the last winter months.

Gardeners recommend purchasing the following varieties:

Zarya - this variety is stress-resistant.
Zhara is an ideal variety, early ripening, root vegetables will appear on the table very quickly.
Saxa is also a fast-ripening variety; large, juicy radishes will be available in a month.
Early red is a variety created for growing in greenhouses in winter. This is one of the few varieties of this vegetable that does not require natural sunlight. It can be replaced with special lamps. This variety is adapted to grow indoors not only with artificial heating, but also with artificial lighting.

If a specialized greenhouse with a heating system is built, then it is quite possible to grow vegetables all year round. And in the conditions of the middle zone, radishes can be grown even in the last winter months in unheated greenhouses.

After the last frost has passed, you can prepare the greenhouse for planting.

Initially, you need to put it in complete order, that is, remove the remaining snow, if necessary, then repair the frame and cover it with film. Let it stand for a while, warmed up, the soil will quickly warm up. When the first 3 or 5 centimeters of soil become soft, you can begin planting. If the beds have not been prepared since the fall, then you need to wait until the soil has completely thawed, then add fertilizers and bait. Then everything needs to be dug up and leveled again, and only then can planting begin.

Planting seeds

General diagram of drip irrigation of radishes in a greenhouse using adapters.

First, the seeds are sifted through a sieve with a mesh size of about 2 mm. This method allows you to choose the best material for planting. Then the seeds are treated with potassium permanganate.

This is necessary to do to prevent various diseases. Radish seeds must be planted by hand. It is important that the distance between them is from 1 to 2 cm, and between the rows - from 6 to 8 cm. On average, seeds are consumed from 4-5 g/sq.m.

It's good if the seeds are evenly spaced. In this case, thinning will not be required. It is necessary to pay attention to the planting depth. Seeds should be placed in the ground to a depth of no more than one centimeter.

How to care for seedlings

After the seeds are sown, they need to be properly cared for in order to later obtain large and juicy root crops. A successful harvest will be achieved if the greenhouse has optimal temperature conditions and a certain humidity. If the greenhouse is built correctly, then this is not difficult to achieve.

Scheme for fertilizing a garden bed with radishes.

It is important that during germination the temperature is about 16-18 degrees, but when shoots appear, it is better to lower the temperature to 6-8 degrees. This method will help prevent the seedlings from stretching upward. This temperature should be maintained for 3-4 days, and then again it will need to be increased from 15 to 20 degrees during the day, and at night - to 8-10 degrees.
Moreover, it is necessary to promptly treat the beds with tobacco dust and ash in 1:1 proportions. This is a good way to save vegetables from pests.
We need to pay attention to germination. If they are densely located, then you need to thin them out in time. The ideal option would be when the seedlings are located at a distance of 2 or 3 cm from each other. If they are cramped and are in the shade, the root crops will grow small. Thinning is also important for foliage, when the radishes are planted at a short distance from each other, that is, the likelihood of arrows appearing.
Watering should be done as the soil dries out. But you need to pour it thoroughly. This vegetable is moisture-loving. The usual watering rate is 10-15 cm deep. It is recommended to water once every 2 or 3 days. If the weather is hot, then watering should be daily. If the soil is dry, the root vegetables will be rough, and vice versa, if you overwater, they will simply crack.
It is important to sprinkle the soil with peat or humus. The layer should be about one centimeter. This treatment helps reduce moisture evaporation and retain it in the ground.
After each watering, the greenhouse must be ventilated so that due to high humidity there is no disease such as blackleg.
When watering root crops, we must not forget about complementary feeding with nitrogen fertilizers. Their rate should be from 20 to 30 g/sq.m. m.
It is necessary to loosen the soil and timely weeding.

About collecting root vegetables

After all the work, after 35-45 days you can see the fruits of your labor, namely the first vegetables on the table. The harvest is harvested in two or three stages, and it usually ranges from 1.5 to 2 kg/sq.m.

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Preparing for sowing

A good harvest consists of several stages, which, conditionally, can be divided into four groups: planning, preparatory procedures, planting, care.

The place for sowing radishes should be chosen in advance. The ideal option is an area protected from wind and drafts, illuminated by the sun in the first half of the day. Away from tall trees, buildings, fences.

Radishes and garden crops of the cruciferous family cannot be grown successively in one garden bed. These include cabbage, mustard, radish, and daikon. Plants are susceptible to the same diseases and pests. The cultivation of other crops can be alternated.

Radishes feel great in mixed beds next to parsley, bush dill, lettuce, spinach, carrots, and onions. The proximity of beds with leaf and head lettuce to radishes will protect the crop from cruciferous flea beetles, and proximity to bush beans improves the taste of the fruit.

Planting radishes before winter and its features

The recommended depth for planting radish seeds is at least two centimeters. The interval between rows should be about 20 centimeters. In the last month of autumn, winter radishes are planted. Autumn radishes are most often sown in the second half of November. Not all varieties of radish are suitable for winter sowing (there are certain varieties of the vegetable for sowing in a greenhouse).

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The preparation of the place for sowing is carried out in advance, in the last days of August. The soil should be dug up and fertilized (humus, compost, superphosphate, potassium sulfate). After fertilizers have been applied, the soil should be covered with film. The main difference between planting in autumn and planting in spring is that autumn seeds need to be thrown into dry soil, and after sowing the ground should be mulched with dry mulch materials. After the snow falls, you should add an additional layer of snow to the beds.

If radishes are sowed in a greenhouse, the sowing procedure and further care in the greenhouse are different.

Soil for radishes

The site for sowing radishes is chosen to be windless and well-lit. The soil should be neutral or slightly acidic, light and loose. Poor and sandy loam soils are fertilized with humus (2-3 kg of humus per square meter). If the soil on the site is highly acidic, it is recommended to lime it.

Attention! Do not fertilize the bed for planting radishes with fresh manure!

It is best to dig up the site in the fall so that humus or compost can be added to the soil. If you dig up the soil with a spade in the fall, then in the spring you can dig up twenty centimeters and level it with a rake. In the spring, during site preparation, potassium and phosphorus fertilizers are applied.

After what can you plant radishes? To avoid damage to plants by pests and diseases, crop rotation must be observed. Therefore, radishes can be planted in a bed where legumes, tomatoes, cucumbers and potatoes grew last year.

Experienced gardeners grow radishes next to other crops so as not to occupy a separate bed. You can plant radishes next to salads, nasturtiums, beans, peas and strawberries, tomatoes, garlic, onions and parsley.

It is not recommended to plant radishes after horseradish, cabbage and watercress, turnips, radishes and radishes themselves.

How to sow winter radishes correctly

We immediately warn gardeners that the bed for autumn sowing of radishes should be made in advance. The soil should still be warm so that it can be easily dug and fertilized.

Let's write step by step how to prepare the soil in the garden bed and sow radish seeds correctly in the fall before winter:

Dig the soil to the depth of a spade bayonet and loosen it with a rake.
If the soil is dense, add peat, compost or sand while digging.
Fertilize poor soil with ash and humus or compost. Approximately 1 kg of organic matter and 1 glass of ash per square meter. Fresh manure must not be introduced!
Organics can be replaced with Superphosphate by scattering 100 g of granules over 1 square meter. m beds and digging them with soil. Instead of Superphosphate, you can use any Autumn complex mineral fertilizer.
Since radishes are supposed to be planted in slightly frozen ground, collect a bucket of soil and place it in a warm place. Then you will have something to fill the grooves without any problems.
It is best to cover the prepared bed in rainy autumn with film. Then precipitation will not wash it away and the fertilizers will not be washed away.
When stable frosts arrive, you can begin planting radishes. To do this, make furrows or holes 3-5 cm deep. The planting depth is the same both in the greenhouse and in open ground.
Maintain a distance of 10 cm between rows.
The peculiarity of planting radishes in the fall before winter is that you need to sow the seeds thickly or throw 2 seeds into each hole. Otherwise, in the spring, seedlings will be rare, since not all seeds can “survive” the winter.

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After planting the seeds, cover them with soil prepared in advance and compact the soil. Attention! There is no need to water the plantings.

Planting dates in autumn

Determining the timing of sowing seeds is the most crucial moment. The main thing for a gardener when planting radishes in open ground before winter is not to miss the time when the air temperature will be 0° C, the soil temperature will be from 2 to 4° C. For different climatic zones of Russia, this can be the end of October or November.

Here are the deadlines you can focus on:

second ten days of October - in the central regions of Russia;
early October - in the northern regions;
late October or early November - in the south of the country.

If meteorologists promise warming, it is better to postpone sowing work. Otherwise, the radish seeds will begin to germinate, and the frosts that replace the warmth will destroy them. Experienced gardeners recommend sowing radishes when the top layer of soil freezes to about 3 cm.

Harvest

Most radish varieties are ready for harvest when the diameter of the part of the root visible on the soil surface reaches 2-2.5 cm.

You cannot keep radishes in the ground, as this will make them woody. When grown correctly, the radish pulp is juicy, without fibers or hollows.

If you do not plan to immediately put all the collected radishes into the salad, cut off the thin root tail and tops, wash and dry the root vegetables thoroughly. Store in plastic bags in the refrigerator. Radish greens can be stored separately for up to three days.

Radishes are always a welcome guest on the table

Growing radishes in a greenhouse in winter for sale, video

Fresh greens are a product that people consume throughout the year. For these purposes, it is necessary to equip a greenhouse. When growing radishes in a polycarbonate greenhouse, the use of special agricultural technology is not required. This crop grows very quickly, and several sowings can be done over the winter.

Sowing technology

In order to sow radishes, it is not enough to select the right seeds and send them to the ground. Here it is necessary to carry out a number of preparatory measures correctly.

The advisability of planting radishes before winter

It is clear that there is a huge risk that radishes planted before winter will die. The likelihood of plant death increases when the time for planting is chosen poorly. But on the other hand, there are many advantages:

if you plant radishes in the spring, the harvest will be obtained 2 or even 3 weeks later, in addition, if the harvests are covered with film, the ripening speed increases;
radishes planted in late autumn will be stronger and healthier, since the seeds will spend the entire winter in the ground, which means they will harden, simply undergo natural selection when the weak ones die, and the strong ones remain and give a good harvest;
also, the gardener will not have to think about ensuring that the seeds have enough moisture to swell, since moisture after the snow melts will fully promote germination, unlike planting seeds in the spring, when additional watering is usually required in case of spring dryness;
radishes planted by seed before winter are more resistant to pests and diseases, and such plants are also not afraid of frost.

But radishes planted before winter will have all the benefits only if they are sown on time, then the seeds will survive the winter well and will be able to resist diseases and pests.

Seed preparation

In order to grow high-quality root crops from any seed material intended for growing radishes in greenhouses, with excellent taste, color and standard shape, the seeds need to be prepared.

The simplest and easiest way is to purchase a sieve with a mesh size of 2 mm and sift the seeds through it. This way you can easily select the largest seeds. And during their soaking in a solution of potassium permanganate (ordinary potassium permanganate), the dummy seeds will float. By throwing them away, you will only be left with good seed material from which you can grow a rich harvest of radishes.

Soaking in a weak solution of potassium permanganate is mandatory. This way you will protect future shoots from disease and rot, and also speed up the time for the first shoots to appear.