Grape variety Daria (Dashunya, Dasha): 19 photos, description, characteristics, propagation, planting and care

History of Daria grape breeding

Knowing the details of the appearance of the variety, it is easier to decide whether it is worth purchasing for your site. The Daria grape variety is the result of the work of domestic breeders. The creator was Viktor Nikolaevich Krainov. The national breeder spent a lot of time and effort to achieve the desired result.

The scientist set a goal to obtain a new species that would be characterized by high levels of resistance to mildew and oidium (as practice shows, these are the worst enemies of grapes). The basis was taken from hybrids proven over the years: Kesha and Druzhba grapes. The new plant has good immunity to fungal diseases. Daria received other positive qualities from her parents:

1. From the Kesha grapes, the new variety received an early ripening period, large size of berries and clusters, and excellent taste parameters.
2. From Druzhba, Daria received strong growth, universal purpose of fruits, as well as good frost resistance (down to -23 ° C).

As a result of painstaking work, the breeders got what they were striving for.

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Characteristics of the variety

The Daria variety has excellent characteristics and unpretentiousness, which allows even novice gardeners to grow it. A detailed description of the parameters makes it clear that this is the ideal solution for many winegrowers.

Description of the vineyard

The Daria grape variety is a plant with a high growth rate. The growth of the vines is up to 2.5 m, while their ripening is almost 100%.

The Daria grape variety is a plant with a high growth rate

The foliage on the bushes is five-lobed, with jagged slits clearly visible along the edges. The leaves are painted bright green. Since bisexual flowers appear on the vine, there is no need for pollination.

Description of bunches and berries

The grape bunches have a cone shape with medium density. The weight reaches at least 700-900 g. When ripe, the berries acquire an amber hue. The shape is round, egg-shaped. The fruits themselves are large, weighing at least 14-16 g. The color of the berries is slightly greenish, which is sometimes confusing. But once you try this variety, you will no longer be able to resist thanks to its amazing taste.

Since the berries hardly crack, wasps rarely attack the harvest. They simply cannot bite through the peel.

The peel is relatively dense. Inside, the flesh is fleshy, juicy with a special nutmeg taste. Each berry produces 2-3 seeds.

Composition and beneficial properties

The taste of the berries is harmonious. They perfectly combine sweetness and sourness. The juice is colorless, the pulp is dense and fleshy. Daria grapes are distinguished by high sugar content of 20-24% with an acidity of 5 g/l. Tasting score – 8-9 points.

1-3 soft seeds are formed inside the berries, which do not affect the taste characteristics. The peel is of medium density, with a slight waxy coating; it is not difficult to bite through it.

Area of ​​application of fruits

Berries of the Daria variety are universal table grapes. You can make juices, wines, jams, compotes, and jams from the fruits. Grapes are enjoyed fresh and used in salads and other dishes. Sometimes the berries are used in cosmetology or medicine.

Benefits of grapes

Grapes are a very useful product for people. It contains useful vitamins, microelements and macroelements. Dashun grapes contain such useful elements as:

• Vitamins A, C, K, R.
• Potassium, which is necessary for good functioning of the heart and kidneys.
• Zinc, magnesium and bromine. These are excellent helpers for the good functioning of all human organs.
• Essential B vitamins.
• Amino acids.
• Tannins.
• Lecithin and phlobafen.

Dashun grape berries have a beneficial effect on blood pressure, help get rid of edema, improve sleep and relieve anxiety. Eating grapes is beneficial for people suffering from kidney disease, anemia and other diseases. Grape juice perfectly tones and strengthens the human immune system. Dashun grapes will be of great benefit if consumed an hour and a half after a meal.

Advantages and disadvantages of the variety

Like any other plant, Daria grapes have their positive and negative sides. Among the advantages are noted:

• high stable yields;
• frost resistance;
• early period of maturation;
• resistance to grape diseases, in particular mildew and oidium;
• rarely affected by pests (spider mites, phylloxera, leaf rollers);
• strong vine with 100% ripening;
• not prone to peas;
• not picky about soil composition;
• stored without loss of taste for a month;
• unpretentiousness;
• high rates of transportability.

This variety is rarely affected by pests (spider mites, phylloxera, leaf rollers).
But the plant also has minor disadvantages:

• in cold northern regions, vines must be covered;
• the need to ration the yield, since with abundant formation of bunches, the quality of the fruit may decrease.

In order not to be disappointed in the chosen variety, it is necessary to take into account the disadvantages when cultivating the crop.

Diseases and pests

The grapes are resistant to diseases and pests. However, sometimes he suffers from some problems.

Gray rot

A solution of Bordeaux mixture will help cope with the disease. For 10 liters of water you should take 3 grams of the product.

Mildew

To eliminate this disease, copper oxychloride can be used. Take 30 grams per bucket of water.

Oidium

The drug Hom will help defeat the disease. For 10 liters of water you should take 30 grams of the substance.

Birds

To protect the plant from birds, it is recommended to put special nets on the bunches. Rattles and scarecrows are also permitted.

Are there any differences from the varieties Dashunya, Dasha and Dashenka

The variety has several names of the same name. The varieties differ slightly from each other.

1. Daria is an early-medium ripening species with good resistance to the most dangerous grape diseases. The berries are large, collected in dense clusters. Storage period is up to 30-35 days.
2. Dasha. A mid-ripening variety. Dasha is not the second name of the variety, but a separate variety. The weight of the brush depends on compliance with agrotechnical rules, the average weight is 900-1000 g. The immunity of grapes is average.
3. Dashenka. The earliest version of the plant. The ripening period is 100-105 days. The first mature clusters can be cut as early as August.
4. Dashunya. Another interspecific hybrid that has pink fruits. The bushes are powerful and strong. The ripening period is 115-120 days.

As you can see, the plants are similar to each other, but have slight differences. There is a difference in ripening time, as well as the color of the berries (there are white, amber or red).

There is a difference in ripening time, as well as the color of the berries

A little about selection

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Creating a new variety as a predictable stable trait is a difficult and time-consuming task.

After all, in order to determine the parameters of a new variety, a whole team of specialists has been studying and analyzing the leading characteristics of hybrid forms for 15 years, or even more, and selecting the best specimens for cloning.

Then comes the time for field testing in different climatic conditions.

The prototype ends up in the gardens of amateur gardeners, who also have a hand in improving the plant by selecting clones, and sometimes improve its gene pool through their own efforts.

Thus, by the time a new variety is registered in the State Register, several variants of hybrid forms may arise that have lost their resemblance to their common ancestors.

A plant acquires variety status only after being included in the State Register - the main document of innovative additions to winegrowers, and can exist in a hybrid form under different names for decades.

This happened with “Daria”, who received life in the selection laboratory of V.N. Krainov in Kuban. While it has not yet received variety status, it is being tested, and is, in the generally accepted understanding, a hybrid form.

Interesting: In the process of hybridization, any bisexual variety can be chosen as the paternal form, and the maternal one (after castration of the stamens) will be pollinated to produce hybrid seeds.

Among the hybrids, Jubilee of the Kherson Summer Resident, Korolek, Valery Voevoda and Gordey are widely popular.

Features of planting seedlings

The result largely depends on the correct landing. It is important to choose the right place and choose the right time. Particular attention is paid to planting material. The quality of seedlings greatly influences the growth rate and future fruiting.

Recommended timing

Planting grapes can be done both in spring and autumn. For the northern regions and the central zone, it is recommended to choose the beginning of the season, since young plants will have enough time before winter to adapt to a new place. In spring, the planting period begins from March to May. But by this point the soil should warm up, and the likelihood of return frosts should be minimized.

The main advantage of autumn planting is the large assortment of planting material in nurseries.

Choosing a suitable location

Before purchasing seedlings, a suitable place for planting is initially selected. When choosing, certain parameters are taken into account:

• south or southwest side of the site;
• buildings or fences should be located on the north side of the vineyard (they will protect the vines from cold gusts of wind);
• openness and good lighting.

Daria grapes love openness and good lighting.
Daria grapes do not make any special demands on the composition of the soil, but the plant feels best on light, loose soils.

To improve the composition of the soil, a bucket of humus and compost is added to the soil for each m2 several months before planting.

To control the level of humidity and to direct the flow of water, a drainage mechanism is provided.

Neighborhood with other cultures

To save space between the rows of the vineyard, you can plant different plants. But the distance from the vine is maintained at least 0.5 m. Properly selected neighbors not only grow well, but also have a beneficial effect on each other.

Good neighbors for a grapevine will be:

• radishes (until the vineyard grows green mass, the garden crop will already ripen, there will be no struggle for light);
• beans, peas, beans (they are able to absorb nitrogen from the air and enrich the soil with it);
• potatoes (the crop requires a lot of moisture for normal growth, and grapes, with its abundance, are often affected by fungal diseases, the plants will help each other);
• beets (root systems are located at different levels, plants will not have competition for food);

The root systems of beets and grapes are located at different levels; they will not have competition for food

• cucumbers (will also not interfere with the growth of grapes, since they have a superficial root system);
• salad (due to early ripening, the grapes will not interfere with the plant);
• cauliflower (grapes will create the necessary partial shade for normal growth);
• garden strawberries (plants will not interfere with each other);
• onions and garlic (will repel pests from grape plantings).

But tomatoes, corn, horseradish, eggplants, and calendula are considered undesirable neighbors for grapes.

Selection and preparation of planting material

Planting material is purchased exclusively from official specialized nurseries.

Good seedlings must meet the following criteria:

• age not older than 1-2 years;
• the root cut should be white or light beige;
• strong buds that do not fall off when pressed;
• smooth, damage-free central trunk;
• powerful, well-branched root system;
• no signs of disease, pest damage, or any mechanical damage.

The seedling must have a straight, undamaged central trunk.
Immediately before planting, the seedlings are soaked for a day in a growth stimulator. Then they are dipped in a clay mash, allowed to dry and planted.

Site preparation

Preparation of the soil for planting grapes begins in the fall (if the work is planned for spring). Weeds are removed from the soil surface. Add compost, black soil, and mineral fertilizers to the soil. They dig it up.

The plant feels most comfortable in light, fertile, loose soil.

Soil preparation

The layout and methods of planting grapes directly depend on the type of soil. If the soil is loose, then make holes or trenches. When planting on loams with close groundwater, raised beds are initially constructed. A distance of 1.5 m is left between individual seedlings, and at least 2.5 m between rows.

When digging a hole, do not throw away the fertile layer of soil from above. It is set aside, and then a nutritional composition is prepared based on it. A bucket of humus, compost and some mineral fertilizers are added to the deposited soil. Wood ash will not be superfluous, as it perfectly protects against diseases and pests, and also nourishes the root system.

A bucket of humus, compost, ash and some mineral fertilizers are added to the soil.

Planting process

If grapes are planted in the spring, then the hole is prepared several weeks in advance. Its depth and width should be greater than the root system, but not less than 50*50 cm. The ideal option is 80*80 cm. A small layer of drainage made of pebbles or broken bricks is laid underneath.

Then proceed according to the following algorithm:

1. A little nutritious soil is poured onto the drainage layer.
2. Water generously.
3. After the moisture is absorbed, a small elevation of soil is formed at the bottom.
4. A seedling is placed on a mound, carefully straightening the root system. The root collar should be 5 cm above the ground.
5. Fill the empty space with the nutrient composition, shaking the plant a little. This will prevent the formation of voids inside.
6. 2-3 buckets of water are poured under each bush.
7. Trim the seedling, leaving 2-3 strong buds.

Algorithm for planting grape seedlings
The next day, when the water is completely absorbed, the soil around the tree trunk is loosened and then mulched.

When planting, they try to place seedlings of the Daria variety at an acute angle. In this case, the vines will ripen better.

Growing grapes

The plant needs sunlight

Before planting, determine the correct location for the grape crop. The area should be well lit by sunlight. The speed and quality of the harvest depends on this. To protect the Dashenka series grapes from the wind, they are planted on the south side of the house, near the fences.

When choosing soil, preference is given to fertile lands. For better fruiting, add several buckets of compost and humus to the soil per square meter. The soil must be equipped with a drainage system to regulate the flow of moisture.

Grapes are planted in early spring, but after winter frosts. It is better to do this at the end of March.

Planting in the soil

The method of planting in the soil depends on the type of soil. It is carried out in sandy soil using trenches. In loamy soils or chernozems, planting is carried out on raised beds. To begin, dig a small hole. Its size depends on the development of the root system. The seedlings are installed at a large angle. This allows the plant to develop faster and the vine to ripen.

The roots are densely sprinkled with earth and tamped down a little. At the end of planting, each bush is watered with 10 liters of warm water so that it takes root faster. Planting scheme for Dashenka series crops - 1.5 x 2 m.

Rules for caring for a vineyard

To obtain maximum yields, it is necessary to properly care for the plant. The agricultural technology requirements of this variety are minimal; even a novice gardener can cope with the task.

Weeding and loosening

Since for normal growth the root system of any plants constantly needs oxygen, they monitor the air permeability of the soil around the trunk. After rains, a crust may form on top. Therefore, before heavy watering and after natural precipitation, the soil is loosened.

In parallel with loosening, weeds are removed. Because they absorb moisture and nutrients from the soil. Pathogenic microorganisms often overwinter in the grass, which contribute to the development of diseases in the vineyard.

Mulching

Another useful agricultural procedure that many ignore, despite its obvious benefits:

• additional nutrition during the drying process;
• protection against rapid growth of weeds;
• preventing rapid evaporation of moisture.

Straw, mown grass, peat, and sawdust are used as mulch. The protective layer is changed before each watering.

Straw, grass clippings, peat, sawdust are used as mulch.

Watering

Regular watering is necessary only during the rooting period of young seedlings and throughout the entire growing season. Constant hydration will speed up the adaptation process.

Mature vineyards are watered under normal natural precipitation patterns only at the most important key moments:

• a few weeks before flowering begins;
• 1-2 weeks after moisturizing;
• In preparation for winter, moisture-charging irrigation is performed.

If there is no rain for a long time, then water the vineyard more often. If the plant lacks moisture, this may affect the quality and volume of the harvest.

You should not pour strictly at the root; it is better to distribute the moisture between the rows. Water getting on the foliage can provoke the development of fungal diseases.

If there is no rain for a long time, then water the vineyard more often

Garter shoots

A distinctive feature of Daria grapes is that the crop is tied only horizontally. This option makes the process of harvesting bunches easier and also provides the plant with good ventilation.

The classic option for gartering grapes is to use trellises. Metal poles are dug in along the edges of the rows for support. Trellis made of strong threads or wire are pulled over them. As they grow, fruiting shoots are fixed on higher tiers.

Feeding scheme

Daria grapes need constant feeding. In order to grow normally and bear fruit consistently, bushes need a regular supply of nutrients.

The vines are fed at least 3 times per season:

• before flowering;
• several weeks before fruit formation;
• when preparing plants for winter.

At different times, grapes require nutrient solutions with different compositions.

It is not necessary to fertilize by spraying; it is best to pour nutrient solutions directly under the root.

The composition of the fertilizer may vary depending on the purpose of its use:

1. For intensive growth, use a solution of potassium nitrate (30 g of the drug is dissolved in 10 liters of water).
2. During the flowering period, the nutrient solution changes slightly. 50 g of superphosphate is dissolved in 10 liters of water.
3. During the fruiting period, water with a nutrient composition based on ammonium nitrate (50 g of the substance is dissolved in 10 liters of water).

During the fruiting period, water with a nutrient composition based on ammonium nitrate.
Wood ash is periodically added to the soil, which will improve its composition.

Pruning and shaping the bush

Grape bushes are pruned regularly, but you should not cut off the shoots too much. Such procedures are very stressful for plants. In the spring, formative and sanitary pruning is carried out while the vine is still dormant. This period occurs at the end of February - beginning of March. Vineyards are formed over several years.

For the first few years, young plants are not touched at all. Only dry and diseased shoots are removed.

But on adult plants, all the stepsons are cut off without touching the tops. Pruning is performed at 4-8 buds. To prevent the vine from suffering from overload during the period of ripening of the clusters, no more than 40-50 buds are left on one plant. After the procedure, healthy cuttings are not thrown away. They can always be used for rooting to obtain strong planting material.

Preparing for winter

In the central zone and northern regions, preparations are being made for winter. Only in the southern regions is the plant able to survive winters directly on trellises.

Sequence of actions when covering:

1. A small trench is dug near the rows. The bottom is lined with a substrate, for example, made of boards, plywood or slate.
2. The vines are removed from the trellises and carefully tied.
3. Carefully place the grapes on the substrate.
4. Straw and spruce branches are thrown on top. You can cover the grapes with agrofibre; it is important that the material allows air to pass through. The plant should not overcook, otherwise irreversible rotting processes may begin.

You can cover the grapes with agrofibre; it is important that the material allows air to pass through.
Remove the cover when it gets warmer outside in the spring. They gradually begin to open when the temperature drops to -4 °C. They remove the protection a little at a time so that the plant can adapt.

After completely removing the cover, the vine is inspected for the presence of frozen areas. Carefully remove damaged shoots and then tie them up.

Prevention and protection against pests and diseases

Daria grapes are characterized by good immunity to most diseases. But this does not mean that the vine will never get sick. Therefore, preventive treatments are needed. Most often, the plant is affected by the following diseases:

1. Gray rot. White or gray spots appear on leaves and fruits. They gradually fade and fall off. If the disease has not affected the entire plant, then the affected areas are cut off, and the remaining vegetative mass is treated with a solution of Bordeaux mixture. 3 g of the drug is dissolved in 10 liters of water.
2. Mildew. The disease develops in several stages. First, the fungus spreads. The grapes are almost completely affected, with the exception of the root system. Pathogenic bacteria often overwinter in fallen leaves or soil. Light spots appear on the leaves and green shoots, and then they darken and dry out. Periodic treatment with chlorine and copper oxide helps to cope with the disease. 30 g of the substance is dissolved in a bucket of water.
3. Oidium. Another common disease that often occurs is called powdery mildew, ashtray. Light-colored spots form on the upper side of the leaf blade. Under the plaque, tissue necrosis occurs. The ideal solution for the treatment of oidium is the use of Hom solution. 30 g of the drug is dissolved in 10 liters of water.

Among insects, the greatest danger to grape plantings is aphids. The fight is carried out by spraying with an oxychome solution. 50 g of the drug is dissolved in 10 liters of water.

Aphids are controlled by spraying with oxychome solution.

As practice shows, the most effective way to avoid crop loss is to prevent damage to the vine. To do this, it is necessary to maintain a high level of immunity and follow basic rules of agricultural technology.

Throughout the season, the following points are adhered to:

• Every autumn, fallen leaves are collected and burned;
• Every spring and autumn, diseased, dry shoots are removed;
• annually dig up the tree trunk circle;
• the vines are periodically treated with biological preparations;
• to strengthen the immune system, grapes are regularly fed with mineral and organic fertilizers;
• the vines are tied up and shaped;
• Constantly remove weeds and loosen the soil.

Grapes do not like waterlogged soils, so they do not allow stagnant water.

Protection from birds and insects

Wasps don't bother Daria's grapes too much. They cannot bite through the dense peel on their own, but they will happily feast on juicy fruits if someone else damages them. And this can be done by birds who happily eat grapes. To protect against them, the vineyards are covered with a fine-mesh mesh made of plastic or metal.

To protect against birds, the bunches are covered with fine-mesh mesh.

Fishing nets should not be used for such purposes. Birds can become entangled in them and die.

Reproduction methods

Grapes can be propagated in different ways: cuttings, seeds, seedlings and layering. The seed method is used less often, since seed germination is low. Even if the sprouts sprout, it is difficult to obtain good planting material from them. This is a very labor-intensive and lengthy process.

Seedlings

Planting grape seedlings is the easiest and most effective way. They purchase planting material in specialized stores where there will be no fraud. It is best to do this in the fall, since it is at this time that the largest selection of varieties and seedlings is available. The purchased plant must be healthy and strong.

The purchased plant must be healthy and strong

If it is not possible to plant purchased grapes in the fall, the purchased seedlings are stored in the basement.

Cuttings

They prepare planting material independently. To do this, do a little work:

1. When pruning in autumn, the vine as thick as a little finger is not thrown away, but used as planting material for the next season.
2. It is cut into small cuttings with the condition that each will have 2-4 buds.
3. The cuttings are soaked for a day, then lightly dried.
4. Tie the prepared planting material into bundles and wrap it in a damp cloth. Everything is placed in a plastic bag with holes for ventilation.
5. Until spring, store the bags in the refrigerator or any cool room.

In spring, the cuttings are removed from the bags and the edges are trimmed. Planting material is immersed in a growth stimulator for 2 days. Then the sections are renewed again, longitudinal cuts are made and the cuttings are rooted in a moist, loose nutrient substrate.

In spring, the cuttings are removed from the bags, the edges are cut off and immersed in a growth stimulator for 2 days.

Harvest and storage

The ripening of berries begins in the summer. You should not leave the brushes in a ripe state on the vine. They are being removed. You can store timely picked berries for about a month. Suitable conditions are created for this. The room should be well ventilated, with a temperature within 0-+4 °C.

Bunches without signs of rotting are placed in wooden or plastic boxes with ventilation holes. It is best to lay the grapes in one layer, covering the bottom with paper.

Daria grapes are a table hybrid, which, despite the fact that it is still at the testing stage, is loved by many gardeners. The berries are characterized by excellent taste, marketable appearance and excellent transportability. To get a harvest, follow simple rules of agricultural technology.