Feeding grapes in summer: how and what to process, the best techniques

Introduction

Fertilizers help grapes absorb more nutrients from the soil, which strengthens the plant and increases its yield.
Correctly applied mineral and organic fertilizers give an excellent start to grapes at the beginning of the growing season, and also support them during the fruiting period.

And the opposite picture: an excess of certain substances, for example, nitrogen, leads to the growth of green mass, but the absence of abundant fruit set.

Therefore, fertilizing should be used according to the agrotechnical calendar, which will allow you to get a strong and healthy plant with a large number of weighty bunches.

Adviсe

Tip 1

The effect of the nutrients in the spray solution can be prolonged if you irrigate the bushes with clean water daily. The dried solution becomes liquid again and is absorbed by the plant.

Tip 2

Ash is considered a universal fertilizer, which is used to feed grapes throughout the growing season. It is important that a maximum of one bucket is applied per bush per season.

Tip 3

It is not recommended to mix organic matter with mineral fertilizers. It's best to alternate them.

Tip 4

Dry nitrogenous fertilizers should not be scattered over the surface of the soil, since nitrogen evaporates very quickly. They must be used for irrigation or embedded in the ground.

Tip 5

Grapes do not like chlorine, so fertilizers should not contain it at all or contain it in minimal quantities.

Features of summer feeding

Summer is the time when grapes need maximum support. This crop needs complex feeding that helps compensate for the deficiency of such important elements as potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, copper, zinc, iodine.

In the absence of these substances in the soil, the grapes immediately let the gardener know with the following signs:

The foliage is turning yellow

The leaves dry up and fall off

Ovary missing

The grapes are half empty

To prevent this, fertilizing is introduced in stages, taking into account the peculiarities of grape development by month. Remember 3 important rules:

Never fill the growing point of the vine with unrotted manure. On a hot summer day, this can cause a burn to develop and also attract pests.
Organic and mineral fertilizers are applied separately. This way, microelements are better absorbed and do not block each other.
Much does not mean good. This is a key rule that indicates the need for precise dosing of fertilizers, since their excess is no less dangerous than their deficiency.

In June, grapes need potassium, magnesium, phosphorus and nitrogen. Together, these elements give the plant a good start in gaining green mass and forming the first ovaries.

In July, fertilizing often comes down to foliar spraying using phyto-stimulants, which help strengthen the immune system and also prevent the development of pathogenic flora.

During the period of fruit ripening, it is important to support the grapes with complex fertilizers, which affect the taste of the fruit.

Theoretical basis

Plants are unique living organisms in their own way. After all, they can create organic substances from inorganic substances. The basis of their metabolism is 3 chemical elements:

Nitrogen. Stimulates chlorophyll production and growth. Increases the total amount of green mass. In case of deficiency, photosynthesis suffers, the plant turns yellow and grows poorly. With a constant shortage, death is possible.
Potassium. Plays an important role at the stage of flowering and fruit ripening. However, microelement deficiency leads to serious problems even when the plant does not bloom or bear fruit - the leaves begin to darken from the veins to the edges and gradually die.
Phosphorus. The substance is indispensable in the initial stages of plant development - from the pipping of a sprout from a seed to the first few weeks of life. Promotes correct and timely formation of the root system. If there is a lack of substance, the leaves also fall off.

Of the listed substances, the grapevine needs potassium the most. If you compare its consumption with the consumption of nitrogen and phosphorus, you can see that it is several times higher.

Plants also need other microelements, almost the entire periodic table. Here are just a few of them:

Zinc

Magnesium

Calcium

Copper

Sulfur

Also, be sure to carry organic fertilizers (mainly cow manure). This is done for two reasons:

there are no organic chemical compounds in mineral fertilizers;
If mineral fertilizers are in excess, they can accumulate in fruits; this is impossible with organic fertilizers.

Feeding in June: the best fertilizer options for grapes

For good growth of lashes and the formation of the first ovaries, fertilizing is applied according to the following scheme:

First days of the month: Superphosphate and ammonium sulfate. For 10 liters of water, take 3 tablespoons of granular fertilizers, thoroughly dissolve in water and water the bush, avoiding water getting on the leaves and vines.
Superphosphate
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Ammonium sulfate
10 liters of water
Fertilizing activates growth processes, saturates the vineyard with useful substances, and stimulates the formation of a large amount of ovary.

If the soil in the garden is acidic (and Superphosphate acidifies it even more), then before watering you need to put a glass of wood ash and 2 tablespoons of crushed chalk in a bucket.

15 days after the first feeding: foliar feeding using boric acid. Pour a glass of boiling water over the bag of powder and stir until completely dissolved. Dilute in 10 liters of warm water and spray on the leaf in the evening.
Boric acid
Glass of boiling water
10 liters of warm water
Boron stimulates abundant flowering and also helps increase the number of ovaries by 40%.

If you add a few drops of iodine to boron water, this fertilizer will have a pronounced disinfectant property, which is especially important in case of invasion of pests and fungal diseases.

This amount of substances is usually enough to prepare the grapes for the formation of clusters.
When various damage to the leaf, white bloom, curling of the leaf plate and falling of the ovary appear, unscheduled fertilizing is carried out, and the vineyard is also treated with antifungal agents.

Menu for grapes

Grape is a woody perennial vine of the grape family. Grape shoots - vines - can reach several meters in length. They are excellent climbers: grabbing branches, partitions, and ledges with their tenacious antennae, they easily climb onto the crowns of trees, roofs of gazebos, arches and other buildings. The fruits - juicy berries with a pleasant sweet and sour taste - are collected in an appetizing bunch.

The history of the origin of grapes goes back many millennia, and it no longer matters who was the first to discover this wonderful creation of nature, what is important is that it has reached us, has multiplied many times over with beautiful varieties and delights us with the splendor of choice and taste.

Bunches of grapes, nurtured by the sun and caring hands, delight with great taste

“There is no greater pleasure in the world than to feel the fragrance of a blooming vineyard...”
Pliny the Elder
Collection of quotations

Feeding grapes begins “from the cradle”. The planting hole is filled with soil mixture, well-fertilized organic matter and minerals in such a way that the young bush has enough nutrition for the next year or two . To be entered:

1–2 buckets of humus or rotted manure;
200 g of superphosphate and 150 g of potassium sulfate (or 1 liter of ash).

Then you can begin root and foliar feeding. For adequate nutrition of grape bushes, inorganic and organic fertilizers are used.

Mineral fertilizers

Inorganic, or mineral, fertilizers are:

simple, consisting of one element (phosphorus, nitrogen, potassium);
complex, consisting of 2-3 elements (for example, azophoska, potassium nitrate, ammophos);
complex, including a concentrated complex of minerals and trace elements (for example, Biopon, Clean Sheet, AVA, Zdraven, Super Master, Novofert, Plantafol). Advantages of complex fertilizers: balanced in composition and concentration of elements;
contain all the necessary components for a particular plant;
simplify the task of the winegrower in calculations during application.
Novofert “Grapes” fertilizer is recommended to be used after the vine has finished flowering

Some of the mineral fertilizers are especially important for grapes.

Potassium

No matter how tasty we “feed” our grapes, if potassium is not on the menu, the vine will demand it, because potassium:

helps rapid shoot growth;
accelerates the ripening process of berries;
increases their sugar content;
promotes timely ripening of the vine;
helps the grape bush survive the winter and withstand extreme heat in the summer.
On soils with sufficient moisture reserves, potassium salt can be applied to the grapevine in early spring

Azofoska

Azofoska is a complex fertilizer that includes the most important elements in the proportions required by the plant, which are necessary for the grapes to obtain a good harvest and life support for the bush:

nitrogen,
potassium,
phosphorus.
Azofoska is used for pre-sowing and planting application under grapevines.

Fertilizer is used in two ways:

direct application of dry matter into the soil;
pouring the solution to the roots through drainage pipes or trenches.

Urea

Urea (carbamide) is one of the main nitrogen mineral fertilizers needed by grapes; it contributes to:

rapid vine growth;
increasing green mass;
enlargement of the bunch.
Timely application of urea (at the beginning of the growing season) promotes rapid growth of the vine

Bor

A lack of boron has a negative effect on the formation of grape pollen, which impairs the fertilization of the ovaries . Even simple foliar feeding of grapes with boron before flowering can increase the yield by 20–25%. Boron and boron-containing substances:

help the synthesis of nitrogenous compounds;
increase the chlorophyll content in the leaf;
improve metabolic processes.

Important! An excess of boron is even more harmful than a deficiency, which means that when preparing a solution it is necessary to carefully calculate the dose according to the instructions.

Lack of boron leads to deterioration in the formation of grape ovaries

Organic fertilizers

During the entire growing season, in addition to inorganic fertilizers, grapes can and should be fed with organic matter. Inorganic and organic fertilizers have their fans and opponents, therefore, dear reader, you and only you can decide which to give preference to. Or maybe find a middle ground - use organic matter as a “snack” between main feedings? Moreover, we have a wide choice.

Manure

This is a waste product of livestock, containing a lot of useful substances:

nitrogen,
potassium,
phosphorus,
calcium.

Horse manure is considered the best, followed by cow manure or mullein . Before using this organic fertilizer, you need to let it rot (it is used to fertilize the soil around the bush) or prepare an infusion (for watering around the roots) in this way:

Place fresh manure in a container, the volume of which depends on how much infusion is needed, and add water in a ratio of 1:3.
Close tightly.
Leave for two weeks, stirring well occasionally. This will be the mother liquor.
To prepare a working solution, 1 liter of mother solution must be diluted in 10 liters of water.
To prepare a working solution of mullein, 1 liter of mother solution is diluted in 10 liters of water.

The grapes are fed with mullein infusion through drainage pipes or trenches once every two weeks, combined with watering..

Bird droppings

Bird droppings are a waste product of birds and an equally valuable organic fertilizer. It can be composted or used as an infusion. Procedure for preparing the infusion:

Pour a kilogram of dry bird droppings into a bucket.
Then add 10 liters of water.
Leave to ferment, stirring occasionally. After 2 weeks, the stock solution is ready.
To prepare the working solution, dilute the stock solution in water in a ratio of 1:10.
Bird droppings are sold in garden centers
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The infusion of bird droppings is poured through drainage pipes or into trenches between the main fertilizers, combined with watering once every two weeks.

To fertilize with infusions of manure and bird droppings, we choose one or alternate so as not to overfeed the plant.

Wood ash

Wood ash is an ideal fertilizer for grapes; it contains:

approximately 10% magnesium and phosphorus;
about 20% potassium;
up to 40% calcium;
sodium, magnesium, silicon.

In dry form, it significantly improves both the mechanical and chemical composition of the soil, alkalizing it. On heavy soils, ash is added for digging in the fall and spring, and on light sandy loam soils - only in the spring. Application rate: 100–200 g per 1 square meter. m.

It should be noted that ash is not used simultaneously with nitrogen fertilizers, since it contributes to the “volatilization” of nitrogen, so for grapes we will use foliar fertilizing with ash infusion . It's done like this:

Wood ash is poured with water in a ratio of 1:2.
Leave for several days, stirring regularly.
Then filter and add 2 liters of water to each liter of mother liquor.

Ash infusion is sprayed on plants between main feedings.

For grapes, foliar feeding with ash infusion is used.

Eggshell

Eggshells are also classified as organic fertilizers. It consists almost entirely (94%) of calcium carbonate. Fertilizer is prepared from it as follows:

After using the eggs, the shells are collected, washed and dried.
Dry and clean shells are ground in a grain crusher (if the quantity is small, you can use a coffee grinder).
The finished fertilizer is placed in any convenient container.
Eggshells must be washed and dried before crushing.

Use crushed eggshells to deoxidize the soil around the grapes as needed at the rate of 0.5 kg of powder per 1 square meter. m.

Herbal infusion

A wonderful organic fertilizer is herbal infusion. To prepare it you will need a large container. Make the infusion this way:

Fill the container (usually a barrel) one-third full with fresh grass.
Add water, not reaching the top 10–15 cm.
Then cover with a loose cloth or gauze and leave for 3–5 days, stirring the contents periodically.
The finished infusion is filtered.
The best herbal infusion is made from nettle

The remains of the grass are placed in a compost heap, after rotting it will turn into herbal compost, and the infusion is used for root and foliar feeding at the rate of 1 liter of infusion per 10 liters of water. Root feeding is combined with watering, foliar feeding is carried out between the main sprays on the leaf .

Yeast infusion

A good addition to the grape menu would be a yeast infusion. This is a completely safe fertilizer for humans and plants. Yeast contains:

Saccharomyces fungi,
B vitamins,
proteins,
carbohydrates,
microelements.

To prepare yeast infusion you need:

Pour bread crumbs into a bucket - about a quarter of the volume.
Add 2-3 tablespoons of sugar and 50 g of raw baker's yeast.
Pour in water, leaving room for fermentation.
Infuse in a warm place until bread kvass is obtained.

The working solution is made at the rate of 1 liter of infusion per 10 liters of water. Feeding them is combined with watering.

Video: DIY organic fertilizer for grapes

July feeding: concentration is important

In July, the use of the following types of organic matter is strictly prohibited:

Chicken droppings

Manure

Humus

Chicken droppings cause severe burns to the root system, which slows down the growing season and can cause the death of the entire vineyard.
Manure - contains a large amount of active nitrogen, which will cause uncontrolled growth of green mass. In addition, manure attracts pests, including mole crickets, which can destroy the roots of young plants.
Humus - it may contain pests and pathogenic flora, which will provoke the formation of fungal infections, which will not only delay the ripening of fruits, but can also make them unsuitable for food.

In mid-summer, the vineyard needs only one, but complex fertilizing. It’s easy to prepare it yourself:

3 cups wood ash

Boiling water

Capacity

Tablespoon of iodine

Potassium permanganate on the tip of a knife

Pour 3 cups of wood ash into a deep container, add boiling water, stir and let stand for a day.
Drain the resulting liquid into a bucket, add a tablespoon of iodine and potassium permanganate on the tip of a knife.
Stir until all components are completely dissolved and fertilize the soil around the vineyard, after watering it abundantly.

If by mid-July the ovary is very weak, and the size of large grapes does not exceed a pea, unscheduled feeding “by leaf” will be required:

2 tablets of succinic acid

Glass of hot water

3l water

Spray container

To do this, take 2 tablets of succinic acid per glass of hot water, stir until completely dissolved, add 3 liters of water and spray the green part of the bush.

After 3-4 days, the vineyard will activate all metabolic processes, increase the size of future fruits, and also strengthen their immunity.

Fertilizer application timing

The timing of fertilization is determined by the climate of the region, so you should focus on the stage of plant growth:

The first application - the plant is still in the sleep phase, late March-early April.
The second application is when the embryos of the racemes appear, 10-14 days before the formation of inflorescences, the second ten days of May.
The third application is after the formation of the ovaries, in the first days of June.

If you do not adhere to this schedule, the grapes will receive a deficiency of substances and microelements or too much of them. In each of these cases, it makes no sense to count on a harvest. But by following the rules for applying fertilizers, you can get a good harvest.

What do grapes need in August?

August is the final stage for the vineyard, which already begins to produce its first harvest from the 20th. In the last month of summer, it is necessary to reduce the frequency of watering, and also use fertilizers that:

accelerate the ripening process;
improve taste;
will help form young pagons for propagation of the variety.

In early August, it is necessary to fertilize the soil with the following fertilizer:

10 liters of water

10 g superphosphate

10 g potassium magnesia

1 tablespoon iodine

For 10 liters of water, take 10 g of Superphosphate and Potassium Magnesia.
Stir until completely dissolved, add 1 tablespoon of iodine.
Water at the root after abundant irrigation of the soil.

To speed up the ripening process of grapes in unfavorable climatic conditions, when in August it is already quite cold and damp, you need to use foliar feeding.

They are applied 2-3 weeks before harvest, activate all metabolic processes in the vineyard, prevent the development of pathogenic flora, and also give juiciness and sweetness to the fruit.

The best of them are:

Potassium humate

Boric acid

Baker's yeast

inkstone

Spraying with Potassium Humate - take 10 drops of the product (half a teaspoon) per 3 liters of water, stir until completely dissolved and spray on a leaf in dry, windless weather.
Boric acid - take a packet of powder in 10 liters of hot water, dissolve and spray the grapes in early August, without exceeding the recommended dosage.
Baker's yeast - a bag of dry yeast is poured with warm water and allowed to stand for 3-4 hours to activate fermentation. Dilute in 5 liters of warm water and spray the grapes during fungal attacks.
Iron sulfate is a universal remedy that enhances fruiting and also suppresses the activity of pathogenic bacteria.

In August, wasps and ants become active and are not averse to eating juicy fruits. Do not forget to treat grapes against pests along with fertilizing, otherwise no complex fertilizers will help preserve the harvest.

Essential Minerals

The vine is a capricious plant that needs care. One of the activities that farmers often ignore is the correct application of fertilizers. They consist of a number of microelements necessary for growth, ripening of berries, and protection from diseases.

Minerals needed by the vine:

Nitrogen. It stimulates the growth of stems and leaves, increases the green mass of the bush. Nitrogen fertilizers are beneficial for grapes in spring and early summer. They cannot be brought in in the fall, because the vine will weaken and freeze in winter.
Phosphorus. It promotes the formation of flowers and fruits, makes berries tasty, and accelerates their ripening. It is recommended to apply it before the formation of inflorescences and 10-15 days before harvesting the bunches.
Potassium. It accelerates the ripening of the vine, making it more resistant to drought, frost, parasites and diseases. Bushes should be fed with potassium mixtures in the fall and late summer to prepare the seedlings for wintering.
Bor. It improves pollen germination, counteracts the fall of ovaries, accelerates the ripening of bunches and makes them sweeter. Boron is applied before the end of flowering or when the ovaries begin to form.
Copper. It stimulates the development and growth of young shoots, increases frost and drought resistance, and improves immunity.
Zinc. It increases productivity.
Magnesium. This element promotes better absorption of phosphorus, takes part in protein synthesis, and improves the taste of berries.

To ensure that the bushes receive the entire set of minerals, complex ready-made fertilizers for grapes and organic matter are applied. It is also recommended to feed the vine with monopreparations. For example, urea, ammonium nitrate, monophosphate.

Complex feedings: features, advantages and disadvantages

If it is not possible to independently combine potassium, phosphorus, magnesium, boron and ammonia fertilizers, agricultural preparations come to the rescue. They contain a large number of substances in correctly selected proportions, which have a beneficial effect on grapes.

Bio Master “Sweet Grapes”

Granular complex fertilizer that nourishes the vineyard and saturates it with useful substances. It has proven itself well in cold and rainy summers.

Feeding is carried out in the first ten days of June and in the last weeks of August during the September harvest.

Advantages and disadvantages:

Dissolves quickly and has no unpleasant odor.
The most optimal dosages of the main elements have been selected.
Improves the taste of grapes and increases the number of bunches.
Accelerates the ripening process.
Does not require frequent application, remains active for up to 2-3 months.

High price.

"Florovit"

The fertilizer is recommended for soils with high acidity. Activates all metabolic processes, helps to survive stress, improves immunity.

Used as seasonal feeding before flowering and after fruiting.

Advantages and disadvantages:

Does not contain nitrates, does not accumulate in the soil.
Used only 2 times a year.
Remains active for a long time.
Can be used as a soil composition when planting young vines.

No disadvantages have been identified in this complex product.

"Stimovit"

A universal product that can be used as root and foliar feeding. Increases the number of ovaries, helps grapes ripen faster.

Spraying with this product protects the plant from pathogens and insect pests.

Advantages and disadvantages:

An absolutely safe product created from vermicompost extract.
Controls leaf flora, protecting the vineyard from powdery mildew and chlorosis.
Does not accumulate in the soil.

No deficiencies found.

Fertilizing the vineyard after harvest

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Grape harvest

After harvesting, grapes need rest and recovery. How can we support the culture during this crucial period so that it gains strength and prepares for future winter frosts? The main method is timely care and feeding. But what to feed the grapes after harvest and how to do it? The easiest way to support grapes after fruiting is to mulch the soil around them. It is not difficult, it takes a minimum of time, but the benefits are enormous.

Since autumn frosts can be unpredictable, it is not recommended to apply liquid fertilizers from the second month of autumn (so that the roots do not freeze). But it is at this time that the grapes usually produce their last harvest. Mulching is a simple and safe method of fertilizing a vineyard in the fall. Mulch slowly nourishes the roots while protecting them from severe frost. You can use humus, compost or peat as mulch.

Tips and tricks from experienced winegrowers

To get a good and healthy grape harvest, fertilizing should be used wisely. Remember these time-tested tips:

Water

Seasonality

Deadlines

Concentration

Compliance with safety measures

Fertilizers are always diluted in water and watered only on damp soil. This way the nutrients will penetrate as deeply as possible, which will make the rhizome stronger.
Nitrogen fertilizers should be applied only in the first month of summer, since this element provokes active growth of green mass, which negatively affects the formation of fruits.
Foliar feeding should be done 2-3 weeks before harvest.
Complex fertilizers in liquid form are diluted in water in concentrations recommended by the manufacturer. An excess of certain components will lead to an imbalance, which will negatively affect the future harvest.
When using a spray bottle, it is important to protect your respiratory organs and eyes from contact with the mucous membranes of fertilizers. It is prohibited to carry out foliar feeding in windy weather.

What else can you do to help grapes?

Stimulants

It is very useful to treat grapes with biostimulants as Emistim, Kornevin, Ecosil, etc. Solutions of these preparations can be either sprayed on the foliage or applied at the root (depending on their purpose).

Such treatments are especially important for young seedlings : they will help them develop a powerful and healthy root system.
If you treat with stimulating drugs in early spring after a frosty winter , you will support the plant, help it withstand stress and prevent many fungal diseases.
It is possible to carry out foliar treatments with these preparations before and after flowering to prevent shedding, to increase the number of ovaries, to increase the quantity and quality of the harvest.

Discuss the video

Let's sum it up

In conclusion, it is worth noting that correctly chosen fertilizing in the right proportions is the key to a healthy and abundantly fruiting vineyard. If you are in doubt about the volume and frequency of application, it is better to consult with specialists.

Poor and acidified soils require high concentrations of potassium, magnesium, calcium and phosphorus, and in the presence of alkaline soils, fertilizers are used to alkalize them.

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How to feed grapes to increase yield?

It is important to carry out fertilizer application activities taking into account their characteristics. In order for the substances to quickly reach the main root system, a depression is made around the bush in the shape of a circle with a radius of 25-80 cm (depending on the size of the bush) and a depth of about 40 cm. All fertilizing solutions are poured onto the area of the dug circle.

Humus and slurry are distributed over the surface of the circle, and then digging is carried out 15 cm deep. After such loosening, the top dressing should be covered with a soil layer.

Why fertilize grapes in summer?

In summer, grapes need constant care, since it is at this time that their fruits begin to form and fill. And if you miss the moment and don’t start fertilizing it, then you won’t be able to count on a good harvest.

Fertilizing must be applied, because by the time the grapes ripen, there is a high probability that the beneficial substances that were added to the soil in the spring will be completely consumed. If you neglect the application of fertilizers, the grapes will not grow large and will contain little sugar.

The vine requires close attention, otherwise you may not get a harvest

For your information! Fertilizing is not required in the first couple of years of plant growth, since the nutrients in the soil are sufficient for its growth. After this period, additional nutrients must be added.

Winegrowers' mistakes

If you properly fertilize the grape vine, it will grow healthy and produce a good harvest. Unfortunately, many farmers make mistakes. As a result, not only the number of berries decreases, but the bushes are also destroyed. The most common mistakes:

Feeding only young seedlings. A mature vine aged 2-3 years also needs additional minerals and organic matter. Young bushes receive all the necessary substances from the soil fertilized during planting.
Use of complex products throughout the season. Such preparations should be applied only in the spring. In summer and autumn, it is recommended to feed the vine with individual microelements.
Application of nitrogen in summer and autumn. Nitrogen feeding for grapes is needed only at the beginning of the growing season. If it is a late summer, the vine begins to grow too much and weakens until winter. As a result, the chance of it freezing in winter and becoming infected with fungi increases.
Surface application. This technique has several disadvantages. On the soil surface, nitrogen partially evaporates, making potassium and phosphorus more difficult to absorb. Minerals penetrate only to the superficial roots; they begin to grow more intensively than deep ones. As a result, the bush loses its ability to receive nutrients and water from the deep layers of the soil; in winter, the upper roots freeze out.
Overdose. As a result of such actions, it is easy to get burned roots and leaves, too intense growth of the green part of the plant to the detriment of the development of bunches.