Every person, before planting a crop, carefully selects a seedling, a planting location and tries to learn as much as possible about the plant, and this is not surprising, since we count on a generous and rich harvest. Plus, in order for what you planted to grow and begin to bear fruit, you need to wait several years, as a result of which mistakes can lead to the loss of more than one year. So, many novice gardeners are interested in whether it is possible to plant different varieties of grapes nearby. This article is devoted to this topic and will give a detailed answer to your question.
Is it possible to purchase seedlings from you in bulk?
Gardening is our hobby, the main purpose of which is emotional relief after the main work. For this reason, we do not grow seedlings in industrial batches. There can be from 5 to several dozen seedlings of a particular variety. And the main goal is to provide summer residents with high-quality proven varieties. Therefore, if there is little stock of a particular variety, we will refuse to sell a wholesale batch. But if we have a lot of seedlings (usually these are varieties that have been grown for a long time), of course we will sell them.
Improving flower pollination and the benefits of certain varieties
In order to improve pollination of grape flowers, it is recommended to shake the trellis wires with light movements once a day. Sometimes bushes need to be hidden from the rain, for example, after hand pollination. For this purpose, use film. It should also be taken into account that varieties that have exclusively female flowers have a number of advantages. So, for example, the talisman can boast of a large berry, the weight of which is about twenty-three grams. Black Delight will surprise you with mega-grains, weighing about two kilograms, but Laura has a well-elongated berry of a milky white color.
Those varieties that are prone to bitterness are also recommended to be pollinated. This procedure needs to be done even if the weather has been good outside all the time. As for varieties that have flowers of two sexes, the pollination process will not have any effect. As an experiment, specialists pollinated twenty grapes belonging to this group, and only one of them showed improvements, while others “gave” fruits similar to last year. Neither the color, nor the smell, nor the taste has changed. Thus, for them such a procedure is unnecessary, since it does not bring positive changes.
How do you prepare the planting hole?
In short, no way. When we started gardening, we read a lot of literature on this issue and tried to follow these tips. But later, when annual plantings began to amount to several dozen seedlings, and with a lack of time, they began to simply plant in the ground. Therefore: read specialized literature, try it, choose the most suitable option for you. But never go deep into the clay when preparing a hole, otherwise, with a high probability, the roots will rot.
Features depending on the variety
The planting scheme involves determining the required distance between seedlings and rows in a grape plot. Its choice is of great importance when planning a site.
The planting pattern is determined by two parameters - the distance between the seedling bush in the row and the distance between the rows of grapes.
What factors influence the decision of how far apart to plant grapes? When developing a scheme, you need to take into account the varietal characteristics of the grapes. When planting vigorous varieties, a slightly larger distance is left between seedlings than when planting low-growing varieties. Vigorous varieties are given a greater load of green shoots, this will protect the bushes from fattening.
When planting and choosing a scheme, the question arises: is it possible to plant different grape varieties side by side? Yes, you can, but it won't bring much benefit. Different varieties will, of course, be pollinated, but this will not affect the taste of the variety, its color, or ripening time. The varietal characteristics of each species will not change.
The distance between seedlings depends on the type of soil. The more fertile the soil, the larger the grape bush needs to be grown so that it does not begin to fatten. The distance between vigorous bushes is also increased.
How to cover grapes?
There are many different ways of covering grapes described on the Internet, magazines, and books. But many of them do not take into account the peculiarities of the climate of the Primorsky Territory. Other methods involve extra steps. If you have 5-10 bushes, you can try different methods. But we have about a hundred grape bushes. Therefore, when covering in the fall, we do not perform any unnecessary actions and do not use risky methods of shelter. Briefly, the algorithm is as follows: for planting, a place is selected on a hill (you can make an embankment 1-1.5 m wide), a small depression 5-10 cm deep is left in the center of the embankment (but only if spring stagnation of water is excluded); in the fall, after pruning, the grapes are pressed tightly to the ground (during October); when the ground begins to freeze, cover the vine with soil in a layer of 5-15 cm (depending on the frost resistance of the vine); after wintering during April, the main part of the soil is raked from the vine (but the vine remains in the ground); at the end of April - beginning of May I lift the vine onto a trellis; this is easy to do, because Most of the land has already been cleared. I don’t use: agrospan, film, slate, roofing felt, boards. See Sheltering grapes for the winter and non-sheltering varieties.
Planting grape seedlings
A pre-dug hole measuring 1x1x1 meter is half filled with top fertile soil mixed with 2 buckets of humus or compost. Next, prepare the seedling by trimming the ends of the roots. It is undesirable to shorten them too much, since they contain reserves of nutrients that allow seedlings to take root and grow. The upper roots, located near the first lower bud of the seedling, are completely removed. Only the heels remain. Sometimes, if there is a well-developed second tier of roots, it would not be a bad idea to leave them too. After this, annual shoots are cut into two cells if there are two shoots and into three cells if there is only one shoot.
Only after this are the seedlings soaked for 24 hours in warm water and delivered to the place of immediate planting in a bucket with a clay mash and a small amount of fresh mullein (this is, of course, if your site is far from the preparation site). In the planting holes, on a layer of soil mixed with 1-2 buckets of humus or compost, pour a small layer of clean, fertile soil without added fertilizers, and on it, making a small mound of soil, spread the heel roots well and fill them with fertile soil up to half the height of the seedling. . The surface of the earth is easily compacted by hand so as not to tear off the roots. Fill the hole with 2-3 buckets of water, and only then add soil to the first eye on the shoot.
When planting in autumn, the hole of the seedling can be covered with boards or a piece of slate, and a mound of earth 25-30 centimeters high can be poured on top and left like that for the winter.
Recommend variety
Within the framework of a small article (and a large one too) it is impossible to give comprehensive recommendations on the choice of varieties. It is best to resolve this issue through dialogue (by phone or email). But before calling, it is advisable to prepare the right questions to get useful answers. I’ll say right away: we don’t have an uncovered, large-fruited, seedless, disease-free, tasty variety. Such varieties are usually offered at markets by “southern” guests. To make a recommendation, you will need the following information and requirements for the variety: planting region, ripening period (from August 15 to frost), the need for chemical treatments, taste preferences, size requirements, seedlessness, color, winter hardiness. See Selecting grape varieties for your site.
What criteria should you use to make a choice?
When choosing a variety, you always pay attention to the characteristics of the variety, the characteristics of fruiting and the timing of ripening. This misses one of the important points - the plant’s ability to self-pollinate. There are two groups:
- with bisexual flowers;
- with female-type flowering.
For crops with flowers of both sexes, the presence of another species nearby is not important, and they are little dependent on insects for fruiting. At the same time, the presence of another species nearby has a positive effect on the yield indicators.
There are varieties that are characterized by female flowers. The work of natural pollinators in the form of insects is important for them, and planting bushes with bisexual flowers nearby has a positive effect on them. During periods of bad weather, varieties incapable of self-pollination require manual work.
Compatibility
Despite the possibility of planting different grape varieties nearby, it is important to consider a number of important details. Plants have a number of significant differences in terms of breeding qualities, so caring for them can differ significantly. In this regard, the compatibility of varieties should be taken into account when planting plants on the territory that do not differ much in terms of growing and care conditions. The following points should be taken into account:
- requirements for place and growing conditions;
- ripening period;
- type of grape in the form of table or technical grapes;
- characteristics of growth and fruiting.
There are early and late ripening crops that require different amounts of heat for ripening. Bushes can differ significantly in shoot height and growth power; some varieties do not require strong support, others can grow up to 2 m. The choice of planting scheme and work with plant nutrition depends on such characteristics.
What do you use as a rootstock?
First of all, Alpha. This is a long-tested, reliable rootstock. The root system is quite frost-resistant and can be partially damaged only in snowless winters at temperatures below -30°C. Some modern varieties do not take root well on Alpha, so we are experimenting with grafting onto other rootstocks that are similar in frost resistance. Those living in frostier regions than Arsenyev will require additional soil protection from freezing during snowless winters. We use: 1. mulching, 2. growing lawn grass, 3. special insulation materials. I can’t advise on insulating materials - I don’t have much experience. We try thick dornite and old rugs (the main thing is the opacity of the material). Meshkov V.M. uses Izospan + Rolled glass wool + Film cover. Some winegrowers grow and sell seedlings grafted onto less frost-resistant rootstocks (rumor has it: Wilder, Campbell Earley, Baco noir, maybe something else). The roots of such seedlings will be significantly damaged in snowless winters at temperatures below -30°C, which can lead to the death of the plant.
FAQ
Here we have tried to answer the most common questions asked by customers. In any case, if something is unclear or you want to get advice (within our competence), call or email.
When can I sign up for the variety I'm interested in? Registration for the fall distribution begins on August 10. By this date it is already clear which varieties and in what quantities were obtained. Approximately the distribution takes place from October 15 to October 31.
We sign up for spring from November 1st. We begin distributing in April, as soon as we manage to dig up the seedlings (usually in the second half of April).
Why does the distribution of orders start so late in the fall? In our climate, the ripening of the grapevine ends in October. Earlier digging is done by unscrupulous nurserymen trying to sell more and faster. This does not take into account the biological cycle of grapes, which has a bad effect on survival rate. We start digging after October 5th, then sorting according to orders, distributing them from mid-October. By this time, the grapes have already entered a state of hibernation, and the vine has ripened to its maximum - these are the best conditions for replanting.
If you plant grapes after October 15, will they have time to take root? This is a common misconception. Grapes should not “take root” in the fall. If the seedling begins to grow (this can happen with an earlier transplant), this will greatly weaken the seedling. The purpose of autumn planting is to make the transplant as “invisible” as possible for the seedling when it is in a state of natural dormancy. After planting, it must be covered from the sun with a small layer of sawdust or foliage. When the ground begins to freeze, make a full-fledged shelter.
Is it possible to plant 2 different grape varieties side by side? won't they cross pollinate? Another misconception. Different varieties actually pollinate each other. But this does not lead to a change in the seedling variety. Cross-pollination only affects offspring that can be grown from seeds. Moreover, some varieties (in reference books they are mentioned) require pollination from other varieties. Also in the vicinity of another variety are needed: currants, honeysuckle, Russian plum, etc.
Do grapes love the sun? Grapes love the sun very much. In partial shade it will produce a poor harvest, and in the shade it will not grow at all.
How far apart should grapes be planted? Grapes can be weak-, medium- and vigorous-growing. On a trellis, a low-growing variety needs at least 2 meters, a medium-growing variety needs at least 2.5 meters, and a vigorous variety needs at least 3 meters. If there is excess space and a lack of seedlings, you can stretch a vigorous one to 6 meters.
In which direction should grapes be planted? This question is relevant when planting industrial vineyards. In the conditions of an ordinary garden plot, the more important factors are: ease of placement of the roots and vines, ease of care, absence of stagnation of water in the root zone, optimal illumination.
The catalogs of some winegrowers who sell seedlings online contain 200-300 varieties. Why is your assortment significantly smaller? If a winegrower grows more than 100 varieties of grapes, this is a “collection”. The collection is necessary to satisfy the demand of buyers from all over Russia during mailing, because... Varieties also grow differently in different regions, therefore, the ability to choose is necessary. We have a “varietal testing site”. Every year we purchase new varieties, test them, keep the best ones, and remove what we don’t like. Our small collection is adapted to the conditions of the Primorsky Territory; in other regions other varieties may be optimal. Therefore, we do not send mail throughout Russia.
Is it possible to purchase seedlings from you in bulk? Gardening is our hobby, the main purpose of which is emotional relief after the main work. For this reason, we do not grow seedlings in industrial batches. There can be from 5 to several dozen seedlings of a particular variety. And the main goal is to provide summer residents with high-quality proven varieties. Therefore, if there is little stock of a particular variety, we will refuse to sell a wholesale batch. But if we have a lot of seedlings (usually these are varieties that have been grown for a long time), of course we will sell them.
How do you prepare the planting hole? In short, no way. When we started gardening, we read a lot of literature on this issue and tried to follow these tips. But later, when annual plantings began to amount to several dozen seedlings, and with a lack of time, they began to simply plant in the ground. Therefore: read specialized literature, try it, choose the most suitable option for you. But never go deep into the clay when preparing a hole, otherwise, with a high probability, the roots will rot.
How to cover grapes? There are many different ways of covering grapes described on the Internet, magazines, and books. But many of them do not take into account the peculiarities of the climate of the Primorsky Territory. Other methods have extra steps. If you have 5-10 bushes, you can try different methods. But we have more than a hundred grape bushes. Therefore, when covering in the fall, we do not perform any unnecessary actions and do not use risky methods of shelter. Briefly, the algorithm is as follows: when planting, a row of grapes is planted in a small hollow of 5-10 cm (but only if spring stagnation of water is excluded); in the fall, after pruning, the grapes are pressed tightly to the ground (during October); when the ground begins to freeze, cover the vine with soil in a layer of 5-15 cm (depending on the frost resistance of the vine); after wintering during April, I rake most of the soil from the vine (but the vine remains in the ground); at the end of April - beginning of May I lift the vine onto a trellis; this is easy to do, because Most of the land has already been cleared. I don’t use: agrospan, film, slate, roofing felt, boards.
Recommend a variety Within the framework of a small article (and a large one too) it is impossible to give comprehensive recommendations on the choice of varieties. It is best to resolve this issue through dialogue (by phone or email). But before calling, it is advisable to prepare the right questions to get useful answers. I’ll say right away: we don’t have an uncovered, large-fruited, seedless, disease-free, tasty variety. Such varieties are usually offered at markets by “southern” guests. To make a recommendation, you will need the following information and requirements for the variety: planting region, ripening period (from August 15 to frost), the need for chemical treatments, taste preferences, size requirements, seedlessness, color, winter hardiness.
Use of mineral and organic fertilizers We are not experts in this matter. We use fertilizers according to standard methods described in the literature on gardening.
Tell us about the variety I once received a question: “Tell me about the variety, you grow it.” And I couldn’t answer, precisely because I actually grow it. An ordinary market seller could easily quote a memorized brochure. And I need clarifying questions to focus on the aspects of interest.
Send by mail The period for sending out seedlings coincides with the busiest time on the site. Therefore, we do not yet have the opportunity to do mailing.
Compare two varieties, which is better Just saying: “Variety A is better than Variety B” is useless information. It is important to choose the parameter by which we will compare. You have chosen an evaluation criterion - call.
Recommend a variety for a greenhouse We don’t have a greenhouse. Therefore, we cannot recommend anything.
Recommend a variety for the market (selling berries) We do not search for this parameter. Most likely, the varieties we selected will not be optimal for harvest sales. We choose varieties “for ourselves”.
What do you use as a rootstock? First of all, Alpha. This is a long-tested, reliable rootstock. The root system is quite frost-resistant and can be partially damaged only in snowless winters at temperatures below -30°C. Some modern varieties do not take root well on Alpha, so we are experimenting with grafting onto other rootstocks that are similar in frost resistance. Those living in frostier regions than Arsenyev will require additional soil protection from freezing during snowless winters. We use: 1. mulching, 2. growing lawn grass, 3. special insulation materials. I can’t advise on insulating materials - I don’t have much experience. We try thick Dornit and old rugs. Meshkov V.M. uses Izospan + Rolled glass wool + Film cover.
Some winegrowers grow and sell seedlings grafted onto less frost-resistant rootstocks (rumor has it: Wilder, Campbell Earley, Baco noir, maybe something else). The roots of such seedlings will be significantly damaged in snowless winters at temperatures below -30°C, which can lead to the death of the plant.
www.ars-vine.ru
Is it possible to plant different grape varieties next to each other?
The desire to have different varieties of grapes on your personal plot is natural. At the same time, many gardeners are concerned about whether this will affect the nature of fruiting. Planting different varieties of grapes will naturally entail the process of cross-pollination, but the hybrid qualities will only affect the seeds, so the color, shape and taste of the fruit will not change.
Scheme options
When choosing the distance between seedlings in a row, you need to decide on the length of the trellis to which the green shoots of one bush will be attached. It is recommended to load each bush with an average of 30 green shoots.
Calculation of the distance between rows of grapes
Young shoots of table grape varieties are placed on a trellis at a distance of at least 12 cm. Strong thickening should not be allowed, as the shoots will create a shadow for each other and will be poorly ventilated.
Related article: The influence of drought on the growth, development and fruiting of grape plants in the next growing season
Growing bunches of grapes are located at approximately the same height on the trellis plane. If you leave a small distance between the shoots, large clusters will fall on neighboring berries. Dense planting poses a risk of diseases and pests. The optimal distance between shoots is 15 cm. Winegrowers recommend taking into account the distance between shoots of 12 cm when calculating the size of the planting scheme.
There are two types of trellises - single-plane and double-plane.
On a single-plane trellis, the green shoots of each bush are fixed on one plane. When using a two-plane trellis, the shoots of one bush are placed on two planes. Accordingly, with the same distance between the bushes in a row, twice as many green shoots with clusters of grapes are grown on a two-plane trellis, the load on each bush also increases by 2 times.
For a single-plane trellis
The scheme for single-strip trellises 2 m high is designed to place all developing shoots on the same plane. To calculate the length of the fastening, you need to determine the distance between the shoots.
The recommended gap is 12 cm. 30 shoots are left on each bush. Consequently, the length of the trellis section is 360 cm. Accordingly, the gap between the grape bushes in the row is also 3.6 m.
Since the height of the trellis is 2 m, 2 m are left between the rows, and each row will not darken the neighboring one.
The use of single-plane trellises makes it possible to install them in any direction, even on inclined surfaces. Single-plane mounts are good because they can be installed in any direction; in any case, the seedlings do not darken each other.
For two-plane support
Planting scheme for a two-plane trellis. The use of a two-plane support makes it possible to double the number of shoots, since they are strengthened on two trellises. Form rows in the direction from north to south to ensure sufficient lighting of the seedlings.
Since the branches are located on two supports, it becomes possible to reduce the distance between seedlings. But for a sufficient growing area, a gap of at least 2 meters is left between the bushes. When using a double fastening design, it is necessary to increase the gap between the rows to 250 cm. This allows you to maintain the required feeding area of the vine, which is 5 square meters.
For horizontal arches
In some areas, horizontal structures or arches are used to utilize the maximum area for growing grapes. On such mounts it is convenient to grow grapes that are resistant to frost and disease and do not require special care.
Grapes on the arch
The horizontal structure consists of a vertical and horizontal plane. On a horizontal trellis, the vine warms up well in the sun. The height of the arch should not exceed 250 cm, since all work on caring for the vine is carried out using a ladder.
The distance between the shoots of grape seedlings is left 13-15 cm. The branches are fixed parallel to each other, the bushes are formed so that the shoots grow in one direction. Young shoots grow vertically upward; it is difficult to bend and secure them without breaking off, so it is recommended to fix them 25-30 cm below the level of the horizontal surface.
Densified cultivation
In order to simultaneously plant and grow several varieties of grapes, compact planting is used. This method will allow you to test and adjust varieties in the vineyard. Dense planting is done by reducing the space between seedlings in a row. In this case, a two-plane design is used. A distance of 250 cm is left between the seedlings, the aboveground part of the vine is located on a horizontal mount 125 cm in one direction and the same amount in the other from the center of growth.
Planting is carried out relative to the axis of the row in a checkerboard pattern. The shoots of the bush are attached only to one side of the trellis, located on the side of the corresponding bush. This method of planting allows you to check the selected variety and remove it, and form additional sleeves on the vacant section of the trellis.
Helpful neighbors
The proximity of grapes to certain types of plants can affect fruiting rates both positively and negatively. In this regard, before planting a garden crop next to a tree, you should find out how it will affect the growth of the bush. Entire works of scientists have been devoted to such questions, finding out what is recommended to be placed under grape bushes.
The most famous was the classification of the Austrian scientist Lenz Moser, who compiled a table of the usefulness of each plant for grapes in points. In it, sour sorrel is recognized as the most useful “neighbor”.
Green manure
The quality of the soil and moisture directly affect the growth and fruiting of grapes. Green manure helps improve soil quality, which is achieved by growing certain types of plants and then adding them to the soil. This technique helps to enrich the soil with nutrients, increase its moisture capacity and looseness, and activate the work of beneficial microflora.
