Fungicides for tomatoes: 7 best, use in greenhouses and open ground

Fungicides for tomatoes: description and types

Fungicides are chemicals that help control fungal and bacterial diseases in plants. Currently, scientists have developed a huge number of such drugs that do not harm the immunity of the plant itself.

Fungicides are divided according to the following characteristics.

by origin:

· Inorganic – the composition includes active substances based on copper, sulfur, iron, manganese, potassium, etc. They are well retained on plants and act against a wide range of pathogens. But they can cause damage to the plants themselves, for example, burns, and they also take a long time to decompose in the soil, as they contain heavy metals.

· Organic—composed of classes of various chemical compounds (carbamates, triazoles, phthalimides, morpholines and others). These fungicides most often affect a specific type of pathogen. Compared to inorganic ones, they decompose faster in the soil.

· Biological – created on the basis of living organisms (from plants, fungi, bacteria, etc.). These drugs are considered the safest for plants.

by object of application for:

· soil treatment;

· seeding material;

· plants in a state of rest;

· plants during the growth period.

by the nature of the impact:

· contact – after treatment they remain on the surface of the plant for a long time and lead to the death of the pathogen upon contact with it;

· systemic - penetrate inside the plant and, moving through the vessels, suppress the vital activity of the pathogen.

intended for:

· disease prevention;

· increasing immunity in plants;

· treatment

by type:

· simple;

· combined – can be used together with other plant protection products against fungi and insects. And also together with fertilizers and growth stimulants.

List of drugs

For tomatoes in a greenhouse (closed ground)

Growing tomatoes indoors has its own characteristics. Dense planting, poor aeration, and high humidity can create conditions for the spread of pathogens. When using fungicides for tomatoes in a greenhouse, it is important to protect the plant throughout the growing season. The first treatment for preventive purposes is carried out 7-10 days before planting seedlings in closed ground. For this purpose, copper-containing fungicides are used: Abiga-pik, Ordan, Kurzat R. The next treatment of tomatoes can be performed in 10-12 days. For the second treatment of tomato seedlings in a greenhouse, systemic fungicides are excellent. The dosage of the drug solution is prepared in accordance with the instructions. So, when using Strobi as a systemic fungicide, it is enough to dilute 2 g of the drug per 10 liters of water. Alternating drugs with different effects increases the success of the fight against fungal infection.

The best fungicides for tomatoes in greenhouses:

1. Thanos, which has a systemic effect, perfectly fights Fusarium wilt;
2. Agate is a biofungicide that works to prevent diseases and strengthen plant immunity;
3. Baxis is a bacterial preparation that is effectively used for preventive purposes and to combat fungal diseases of tomatoes. The protective properties are clearly expressed during the period of spore germination. It is environmentally friendly, does not accumulate in vegetable tissues, and is used at any phase of the tomato growing season.

For open ground tomatoes

1. Profit Gold is a modern preparation based on strobilurins, which provides effective protection for tomatoes in open ground. Can be used in damp and rainy weather. It is used for preventive and therapeutic purposes against late blight, stem rot, and anthracnose.
2. Skor is a complex action fungicide that promotes a healthy tomato harvest and provides long-term protection against Alternaria pathogens.
3. Gamair is a broad-spectrum biofungicide used both in open and closed ground. It can also be applied to the soil by spraying plants. Protects plants from root rot, late blight, and alternaria.

For the treatment of cladosporiosis

Cladosporiosis most often affects crops grown indoors. To combat this pathogen, chemical and biological fungicides for tomatoes are used. During the growing season of the plant, the contact fungicide Abiga-Pik is used. The use of Pseudobacterin-2 and Fitosporin-M is recommended as biological preparations.

Verticillium wilt

The causative agent of the disease is Verticillium albo-atrum. Plants begin to dry out in the middle of the growing season, losing tissue turgor. Biological fungicides have demonstrated high effectiveness in combating this pathogen. For preventive purposes, it is recommended to soak the seeds in a suspension of Trichoderma veride. Treatment of seedlings at the root and soil cover is carried out with the biological preparation Fitolavin.

From gray rot

Botrytis cinerea Pers is a fungus that causes gray mold on tomatoes and other fruit and vegetable crops. In the early stages of plant damage, the biological fungicides Trichodermin and Fitosporin can provide effective assistance.

Systemic preparations containing copper are effective: Abiga Peak, Oxychom.

From late blight

One of the most common pathogens that causes significant damage to the tomato crop is Phytophthora infestans de Bary A. Late blight is merciless both in open ground and in greenhouses. Effective measures to combat late blight are systemic fungicides such as Quadris and Strobi based on strobilurins. At the initial stages of infection development, biofungicides Fitosporin, Gamair, Trichoderma will help.

Fungicides for tomato seedlings

Preparing strong, healthy seedlings is the first step to a good harvest. Increasing plant immunity, strengthening the root system, good vegetation, safety of use - the criteria by which biofungicides come first in the prevention of fungal diseases in the early stages of plant development.

Fitosporin, Trichoderma, Sporobacterin are used for pre-sowing soaking of seeds and watering at the root of young seedlings. In order to prevent root rot and late blight, it is recommended to water the seedlings before planting with phytoavalanche.

Fungicides for tomatoes: impact

These drugs affect pathogens and various diseases in several ways:

· disrupt the activity of the respiratory centers;

· sterilize microorganisms;

· disrupt the process of nuclear division in cells;

· disrupt the synthesis of ergosterol, which is one of the main components of cell membranes.;

· block the synthesis of nucleic acids, and thereby disrupt the synthesis of proteins in the pathogen cell;

· disrupt energy metabolism, i.e. pathogens cease to receive the energy necessary for life in the form of ATP molecules;

· increase the synthesis of antibiotics and phytoalexins in plants;

· neutralize harmful substances released by fungi and bacteria;

· create barriers that protect healthy tissues from damage.

Foliar feeding of tomatoes, when to start

As for root dressings, if the tomatoes were planted in pre-filled soils, then the plant has enough nutrients for successful flowering and fruit set. In this case, there is no need for fertilizing. If the soils are fresh, then root feeding is necessary.

Is it possible to spray tomatoes during flowering? - It is possible and necessary.

Outside root feeding should coincide with the laying of the first brush. The best ones for carrying them out are:

• superphosphate;
• boric acid;
• sodium humate.

You saw the first bud. At this moment, the plant already needs such an element as boron. Even if the soil is rich in microelements, it cannot reach the bud due to its low mobility. Solutions should be prepared as follows:

• dissolve 1 g of boric acid (crystalline pharmaceutical preparation) in 1 liter of water;
• sodium humate is prepared from 1 g per 10 liters of water;
• superphosphate is dissolved in very hot water, 1 teaspoon per liter.

Alternate treatments - this will increase the yield significantly.

It is better to process in the evening, until the foliage is completely wet. By night the plant should dry out. When spraying, you can get on the buds, but try to avoid open flowers.

Foliar feeding will allow:

• form buds together;
• open the flower and not fall even under unfavorable conditions;
• to pollinate;
• produce high-quality ovary;
• continue photosynthesis even under severe temperature changes.

Rules of application

Seeds, bulbs, tubers, rhizomes are treated with fungicides in the fall after they are collected and dried.

It is also better to cultivate the soil in the fall, since in the spring this can slow down the growth of the plants themselves.

Perennial plants are treated in the spring, before the plant wakes up, i.e. before the buds appear.

For processing, it can be used either in dry form or prepared as a solution.

The duration of protection and the number of treatments depends on the type of pathogen, on the type of plant itself, on the period of its growth, and on weather conditions. Basically, contact fungicides protect for two weeks, systemic for up to a month.

In order to avoid the pathogen becoming accustomed to the same fungicide, their use must be alternated.

For houseplants, fungicides are used to enhance immunity and to combat disease and for preventive purposes.

Reasons for the absence of ovaries

Why don't tomatoes set? In order for as much ovary as possible to appear on the tomatoes, a list of conditions must be observed. If the desired microclimate in the greenhouse is disrupted, the yield of vegetables will be much lower.

Temperature

Tomatoes need to maintain a certain temperature level as they grow. When the temperature is high or low, plant flowers are susceptible to death.

Pollination of vegetables is carried out under the following conditions: 13-21°C at night; up to 28°C during the day. When the air temperature rises above 40 degrees, the flowers of vegetable plants will fall off.

An increase in temperature at night has a negative effect on the appearance of the ovary. During this period of the day, plants need rest. In order to maintain temperature balance, the greenhouse room is systematically opened for ventilation.

To increase the temperature, special covering material is used. Reducing the heat is acceptable after watering the plants in the morning.

Humidity

The humidity level is more difficult to ensure, but it is doable. In order for as many ovaries as possible to appear on tomatoes, air humidity should be up to 70%. When the humidity level in the greenhouse is low, experts recommend spraying tomatoes in the morning.

It would be a good idea to water the passages in the ground with a hose. If there is insufficient moisture, the ovaries may crumble and the leaves may curl into a tube. This figure can be reduced by mulching the soil. An additional method is local watering of vegetable plants.

Top dressing

The formation of the ovary is associated with the penetration of useful elements and substances into the tomatoes. As a rule, the main importance is given to nitrogen. It is he who takes an active part in the formation of buds. Initial fertilizing is carried out after the tomatoes are planted in the ground.

If the vegetables are strong, you can feed them a couple of weeks after transplanting into the greenhouse. Excessive nitrogen feeding can have a negative effect on the plant. One tomato bush will require up to 30 g of this fertilizer.

Pollination

The ovary will not appear if there is no pollination. If tomatoes grow in open space, the pollination process occurs naturally. Pollen dispersal is carried out by the wind. Artificial conditions have been created in the greenhouse.

Other factors. The reason for the absence of ovaries can also be such reasons as: lack of sun, lack of phosphorus, various diseases and others.

To ensure the ovary for tomatoes, it is necessary to follow the rules of care. To prevent diseases, tomatoes should be treated with any means of disinfection.

Types of effective fungicides. Quadris

The drug has contact-systemic action. Protects plants from a wide range of diseases. It belongs to a new class of pesticides - strobilurins, which effectively protect plants.

It suppresses the activity of fungi, stops the growth and spread of infection. Effective against: powdery mildew, late blight, blight, anthracnose and others.

Ready-made fertilizers and folk remedies

There are a lot of complex fertilizers on the market. Here are the most famous and proven:

• Senor Tomato;
• Kemira for tomatoes;
• Effecton;
• Station wagon;
• Mortar.

All of them contain potassium, phosphorus, nitrogen and other important elements in concentrations specially selected for tomatoes.

Iodine and milk

Promote better fruit set and ripening. For spraying, dilute a liter of milk in 9 liters of water and add 7-10 drops of iodine.

Chaga

Birch mushroom is sold in the pharmacy. Spraying will supply tomatoes with vitamins and protect them from pests.

Boric acid

Necessary in hot climates or in greenhouses, where the heat makes fruit set difficult. In addition, boron helps tomatoes bloom and ripen faster.

Herbal infusion

Crushed herbs - nettle, yarrow and other useful plants - are mixed with mullein, ash, yeast and whey, poured with water and allowed to ferment for up to 2 weeks, then diluted and sprayed on the tomatoes.

Proper spraying

In such an elementary procedure as spraying, there are also certain rules. First of all, the procedure should be carried out on a cloudy, but not rainy day.

Rain after spraying will simply wash away the fertilizer. Plant leaves need to be irrigated in the evening; greenhouse tomatoes can be irrigated in the early morning.

To compensate for the deficiency of phosphorus in plants, you can use superphosphate: dissolve 50 grams of this substance in 10 liters of hot water. Wait until the solution cools down. Spray at the rate of 100 ml per bush.

How to breed

The optimal dosage is calculated depending on the drug, type of treatment and plant crop. The working solution is prepared in a clean spray bottle by mixing the fungicide with water.

The product is thoroughly mixed and applied. The main thing is to follow these rules. The procedure is carried out when:

• The air temperature is not lower than 0 degrees.
• In dry, windless weather.

Advice! For emergency use, it is better to use systemic fungicides.

The principle of action of active substances

Drugs that inhibit the activity of pathogenic microorganisms have different origins. Their efficiency and speed of work, as well as the waiting period, depend on this factor.

1. Contact substances-fungicides, when they come into contact with the vegetative mass of tomatoes, remain on its surface, and when they come into contact with pathogens, they cause their death. Systemic fungicides from the groups of triazoles, imidazoles and morpholines have the ability to penetrate the outer cells of tomatoes and the seed coat, inhibiting the biosynthesis of components of the pathogen's cell membranes.
2. Substances of systemic drugs easily penetrate into plants, move through their vessels, protecting tomatoes from fungal infection. Systemic fungicides from the ethirimol and blaxicidin groups, interacting with pathogens, release an active metal that inhibits the growth and respiration of proteins key to the life of pathogens. In most cases, systemic drugs are able to treat fungal pathogenesis even in cases where a contact pesticide is simply powerless.
3. Combined fungicide preparations are distinguished by the effectiveness of active substances in the fight against many diseases. The elements suppress the absorption and synthesis of certain substances by pathogenic microorganisms at the cellular level. However, when used, such products are characterized by an increased degree of danger.

How to work with contact fungicides?

To protect plants from infection, contact fungicides are used. They act externally, forming a microfilm on stems and leaves. Such drugs are optimal for prevention and at the onset of the disease.

These products are often used for crops that are most susceptible to fungal diseases: potatoes, tomatoes, peppers, cucumbers, eggplants, strawberries, apple trees and many indoor plants.

Before treating any crops, prepare a fungicide solution. The dosage and method of preparation are always indicated on the packaging.

You can treat the plant early in the morning or after sunset if there is a stable lack of precipitation.

Treatment of tomatoes, peppers and cucumbers with fungicide against various rots is carried out in several stages:

• soaking before sowing;
• disinfection of seedling roots before picking by immersion in a solution;
• spraying before flowering.

Spraying garden trees, shrubs, roses and other perennial flowers with a protective fungicide is carried out several times:

1. in spring before buds open;
2. during the growing season before the formation of buds;
3. along a bare trunk in autumn.

The roots of the seedlings are dipped in the solution for 1-2 hours before planting in the ground.

It is best to disinfect greenhouse soil after harvesting vegetables or in early spring.

Indoor flowers are treated when transplanted and symptoms of the disease appear. To do this, you should choose safe fungicides from the group of biological products.