When grapes begin to bear fruit after planting, what year should we expect the harvest?

Is it possible to grow grapes indoors?

Practice shows that you can grow grapes in an apartment or on a balcony using the so-called tub (pot) method. Living on the 5th-7th floor of a stone house and having a small balcony with an area of only 1-2 square meters, you can grow up to 3 grapevines.

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How many years do grape bushes bear fruit?

Industrial grafted vineyards operate mainly for eight years.
This is explained by the fact that during covering and uncovering by machines, the bushes are severely damaged, and by the eighth year there are many bald spots in the vineyard. In an amateur vineyard, where the bushes are carefully covered and uncovered by hand, the grapes can be used for much longer. Even 30 years is not the limit here. The main thing is that the bushes do not get bacterial cancer, and this is not uncommon for covered grapes.

But in the eighth year, even on amateur bushes, a decrease in yield was still noticed. To support fruiting, plants are rejuvenated by removing old sleeves and forming new ones. If you leave young shoots at the head of the bush to replace the sleeves, then the rejuvenation will be painless and there will be no interruptions in the harvest.

Related article: Bolgar – Table grape varieties

Sometimes such gentle rejuvenation does not help, and productivity is not restored. To do this, early in the spring, the bushes are dug up with a shovel and the entire above-ground part is cut off slightly below ground level. After this, the four strongest shoots are selected, and new branches of the bush are formed from them. This rejuvenation allows for another five to eight years to obtain abundant grape harvests.

To extend the period of high fruiting of grape bushes, they resort to accelerated formation, which makes it possible to obtain harvests a year earlier. To do this, the seedling is pruned so that two buds are located above the soil level. Two shoots grow from them in the summer, and in mid-June they need to be pinched at a height of about 30-50 cm.

Of the growing stepsons, the top two are left. Sleeves are formed from them next year. In the second year, a fruiting link is formed on each sleeve (fruiting vine + replacement knot).

As a result, seedlings produce the first signal harvest already in the second or third year, and in the fourth or fifth year they begin to bear fruit.

Some winegrowers, in order to speed up the start of fruiting, grow seedlings in a bucket, putting them on the vines left for layering and filling them with humus. Such layerings quickly take root and seedlings planted in a permanent place quickly begin to bear fruit.

Improved life expectancy

Growing grapevines in a healthy cultural environment reduces disease and increases life expectancy. Grapevines grow well in a variety of well-drained soils. Plants do not thrive in poorly drained, heavy clay soil. The preferred soil is deep, well-drained loam. Plant the vines in an area with full sun as the fruit requires sun exposure to ripen. Choose a location protected from strong winds to avoid damaging the woody vines. Avoid planting in areas that tend to collect standing water during rainfall.

Features of care

Proper care, care and due attention in combination will help ensure good results and the rapid arrival of the time when the grapes begin to bear fruit.

Bloom

Experienced summer residents when growing grapes advise removing flowers on bushes in the first and second years of life. This is explained by the fact that flowering and the formation of ovaries will require strength and energy from the plant, which at the initial stage is more expedient to direct to the growth and development of the base - the frame of the young vine. Similarly, it is considered inappropriate to grow one bunch per sample. This approach is irrational, as it creates unnecessary stress on young, immature grapes.

Watering

In many regions, natural precipitation in the form of rain is sufficient for mature grapes. In dry areas or when hot, sultry weather sets in, moderate watering is required, avoiding excessive moisture.

An excess of moisture leads to active growth of shoots without sufficient nutrition for the set fruits.
Water deficiency leads to a small amount of ovary formation, since the plant is weakened due to insufficient nutrition.
Particular attention should be paid immediately after planting and during fruit formation.

Fertilizer

Experienced gardeners often practice combining watering and applying complex preparations containing the necessary nutrients. Typically, fertilizer is added 3 times during the growing season:

In spring, when constant heat is established.
Before flowering.
Just before the grapes ripen.

The lack of certain components can be determined by the appearance of the plant:

limp leaves with darkening - phosphorus;
slow growth, discharge of green mass - nitrogen;
early yellowing of foliage – potassium group.

Causes of grape sleeve drying out: how to save

Winter-hardy grape varieties

The most necessary requirements for grape varieties in the Moscow region and to the north are frost resistance, ripening time of the crop and vines. But you shouldn’t put the so-called “lack of concealment” at the forefront. This concept is relative and does not depend on the variety, but on what the minimum temperatures are in winter at your dacha. At the first stage, choose the earliest frost-resistant varieties. Later, with experience, we will understand that northern viticulture also provides us with certain bonuses, for example, in the form of long daylight hours, which partially compensates for the missing heat of the grapes. And then you can try growing later varieties. In addition, in the north there are practically no diseases or pests of grapes. However, it is always better to prevent danger. There are so-called complex-resistant grape varieties - with high resistance to both frost and disease.

Read more about grape diseases and how to treat them >>>. Also determine the purpose of the grapes. Why do you need it: for the table, for juice and wine, for decorating a gazebo, or just “to have it”? Today there are more than 15,000 grape varieties, so there is plenty to choose from. For beginners, I would recommend the tasty and unpretentious table varieties Agat Donskoy, Aleshenkin, Yubileiny Novgorod, the universal Platovsky, Kristall, the ultra-early table variety Krasa Nikopol, as well as some universal Amur hybrids A.I. Potapenko and F.I. Shatilova. Those who have children should pay attention to the super-early and delicately sweet varieties Liepaja Yantar and Early Ciravski (selections by G.E. Vesmiņš), as well as the Krasa Severa variety with a high content of beneficial folic acid. From the listed grape varieties, select no more than four or five for the first planting.

When does the harvest begin?

The most important question that interests all gardeners is: when do grapes begin to bear fruit after planting as seedlings? If the rules of agricultural technology are observed, grapes begin to bear fruit in the third and even in the second year of planting.

To obtain a harvest in a short time, it is advisable to purchase seedlings with a closed root system. The vine growth should be mature, approximately 5 to 7 mm thick. If such a plant is planted in the fall and carefully protected from the winter cold, it will bloom next year.

Two or three year old seedlings take root more difficult , but with proper care they begin to bear fruit in the year of planting. The fruits ripen on them for 3 months.

By storing one flowering cluster on each shoot, the fruit ripening period is reduced by 10 days.

When planting grape cuttings, fruiting occurs 4 years after the first roots appear.

If cuttings are planted in the ground in the spring before the sap begins to flow along the stems, the plant will take root faster, but during the summer it will not have time to grow enough to bear fruit next year. It will bloom in 2 years.

Factors influencing performance

In order to achieve high productivity, it is necessary to create optimal cultivation conditions and comply with certain factors.
Important! How to protect grapes from cold weather

Selection of planting material

Most often, ready-made seedlings from fruit and berry nurseries or independently grown cuttings are used. The main requirements are a healthy appearance of the stem, without damage or signs of infection. If the root system is open, it is necessary to carefully examine the roots and the condition of the earthen coma. Planting samples with traces of rot or mold is not allowed.

Cuttings cut in autumn can be stored in the basement or a cool, dry place in winter. With the arrival of spring, the ends of the cuts need to be slightly cut with a sharp knife and placed in a jar of water. It is important that the liquid level in the container is low - literally 3-5 cm. When several strong roots appear, it is recommended to transplant into a mold or cut plastic bottle.

Mistakes when pruning grapes

Landing

The process is considered one of the key and significant ones; here it is important to comply with all the basic rules and requirements. Particular attention should be paid to the preparation of the pit, its depth and distance to neighboring crops (at least 2 m).

The plant should be treated with a solution of copper sulfate; this procedure will provide protection against various pests and diseases.

Place

Gardeners call the optimal place the south-eastern, south-western or southern part of the garden plot with protection from gusts of wind and drafts. This location of the bush will provide maximum access to sunlight and heat necessary for full development.

It is good if the planting is on a slope, next to the walls of houses or fences. Low-lying places are absolutely not suitable - constant retention of cold air will negatively affect the growth and ability of fruit formation.

It is acceptable if groundwater is located no closer than 2.5 m to the soil surface. The main requirements for the ground are air permeability, water permeability and laying a drainage layer.

Time

It is recommended to plant seedlings in spring when stable warm weather sets in and the earth warms up to +15 degrees Celsius, when the threat of return frosts has completely passed.

During the growing season during the warm season, the bush adapts to the growing conditions, builds up a strong root system, which will allow it to survive the cold winter without damage.

Trimming

Proper formation and pruning directly affects the quantity and speed of harvest. Immediately after planting, the plant needs time to build up a strong root base and shoot growth. During this period, pruning is not carried out.

How to protect grapes from cold weather

Subsequently, before autumn laying and sheltering the grape vines for the winter (in regions with cold winters), 2 leading shoots are selected for the base of the bush. They are the ones who will set the direction of growth and the principle of shoot formation. In September, the upper parts of such branches need to be pinched. Also, many summer residents adhere to the rule of leaving 2 new buds every year.

The oldest grapevine on Earth.

Grapevines are long-lived and can grow for more than 1000 years. It is known that on the Don - before the “fight against vineyards” - there grew arrays of vines, united by a continuous cataulac, which, according to preliminary estimates by scientists, were up to 700-800 years old.

At the moment, the oldest grapevine on Earth - from those still bearing fruit - grows in Slovenia and is almost 440 years old. I'll tell you about her. There are also older grape plants, but they no longer bear fruit, although they are still very beautiful. I will introduce you to several amazingly beautiful old vines on different continents of our planet.

One of them, the oldest grapevine in Australia, is listed in the Guinness Book of Records. Here is her memorial plaque nearby.

Old vine, memorial plaque.

This vine was planted in 1867 (Baxter Sherry variety) and has never been fertilized or watered since. Despite this, every year in March it produces a harvest. In 1936, two and a half tons of grapes were harvested from it, one bunch of which weighed about 6.5 kilograms.

In girth at the base this vine is 1m 86cm thick, and at a level of 30cm from the base it is 1m 78cm. The measurements were carried out in 2008. And after that the plant was listed in the Guinness Book of Records as “the largest grapevine in Australia.” But that's not all!

-Also in Australia, the Barossa Valley is home to the world's oldest operating commercial vineyard , which was originally planted with Shiraz grapevines in 1847.

-Right here in the Barassa_vines Valley, the Penfolds Kalimna vineyard has Cabernet Sauvignon vines planted in 1888, and is the oldest vineyard of this variety still producing wine.

The oldest grapevine in the United States is located in the state of Carolina.

— In the USA, North Carolina, Manteo, on Roanoke Island, there grows a grape bush, one of the oldest on Earth and the oldest in the USA, whose age is (unspecified) 400-500 years. Perhaps this is the great-great...great-mother of many grape bushes, but, alas, it no longer bears fruit.

The oldest grapevine with a fully certified minimum age is known as the Big Grapevine and is native to Hampton Court in England. It was transplanted here as a new location under the direction of Lancelot Capability Brown as an adult in 1769. The grape variety is 'Chiva Grossa' (also known as Black Hamburg). Every year this vine bore from 2000 to 3000 clusters of black grapes, but in order not to deplete it too much, only 1200 clusters were left. Their weight reached almost 300 kilograms, and they were intended only for the royal table. Contrary to the belief that old vines degenerate, this vine produced its largest harvest of 383 kilograms (845 lb). in the fall of 2001, when she was already more than 250 years old.

The Hampton Court vine grew in a huge glass greenhouse, but its root was not in the greenhouse, but in the courtyard near the glass wall. The vines from this grape root grew so strongly and cheerfully that there was no longer enough space for them in the greenhouse hall, so the size of the greenhouse had to be constantly increased. If the branches of this grape plant could be stretched into one line, it would reach a hundred meters in length. Now all that remains of her are her descendants, much younger vines... but what arches and galleries they are!

Arches and galleries of Hampton Court

In the South Tyrol wine region of north-eastern Italy, Castel Katzenzungen grows Italy's oldest 350-year-old Versoaln vine. Its harvest is used for winemaking. The wine is produced as a blend of grapes from older vines mixed with grapes from younger vines, and is produced in approximately 500 bottles per year.

Versoaln vine in Italy

fruit-bearing grapevine on EARTH is now growing in Slovenia in the Lente district of Maribor on Vojašniška Street. This bush, from which grapes are still harvested, was planted in the city in 1580. Already in the 1600s. this vine appeared in one of the paintings by a local artist called "The Old Vine"). Now this work of art can be seen in the museum of Graz, the capital of the federal state of Styria in southeastern Austria.

Currently, this vine bush called Old Vine is the only plant that has its own museum - the Old Vine House . The Old Vine is currently almost 440 years old, but it does not look powerful at all, but rather young!

Closer view of the old vine)

The Old Vine was planted in Maribor at the end of the Middle Ages, when Maribor was besieged by the Turks. She managed to survive during the period of fierce fighting between the invaders and the defenders of the city. Back then, in ancient times, the current Old Vine House was part of the city fortress wall, and now there is a Vine Museum, a wine library and a tasting room where you can taste elite wines produced in the surrounding wineries. The Old Vine itself, whose age is officially estimated at 438 years, also still bears fruit and produces clusters of noble wine grapes. But now it’s not much - from 35 to 40 kg of grapes-)) The annual city festival of wine and culinary arts begins in Maribor in October with the harvest from the Old Loza and ends with the Feast of St. Martin in Maribor. This is the most vibrant celebration of St. Martin, and it lasts the whole day.

about a specific variety of this oldest grapevine ))—

The variety is called “velvet black”, or, in Slovenian, “modra kavčina” (synonyms Zhametovka, Cologne blue, Ametovka, Kavčina črna).

Žametovka is an old Slovenian late-ripening, dark-colored wine grape variety. From the beginning of the growing season to full maturity, about 170 days pass. These grapes require a sunny position and are relatively resistant to winter frost, but can be damaged by spring frosts. The clusters of this variety are large or medium (250-400 g). The berries are high in sugar content and are used in the production of sweet wines with natural residual sugar. The variety is also suitable for the table - as a table grape. Although this grape variety is a “member of the family” Vitis Vinifera, it is reported to have Muscadine V. rotundifolia

Michx.
- V. round-leaved.

Uskadina
berries are used to produce various medicinal biologically active supplements that prolong human life.
The reason is the record content of polyphenols. Read more about the Zhametovka variety. The oldest grapevine.
Clusters of Old Vine. Wine from these rare grapes, however, is made and bottled in 250 ml glass bottles, designed by the famous artist Oscar Kogoy.

Up to 100 of these unique bottles are filled annually. And they sell this wine. But the waiting list is several years!

The oldest grapevine on our planet and the only one of its kind, the Žametovka variety is the oldest living grapevine still producing berries. Many winegrowers dream of propagating it for themselves. Scions of this vine grow throughout the world and in many parts of Slovenia itself.

PS Once the vines reach 20 years of age or older, they usually begin to produce smaller yields, allowing for concentrated, intense wines to be made. For example, in California (USA), the most popular variety for making expensive wines is Zinfandel, because its vines, up to 125 years old, produce small quantities of very high quality harvests.

Old vine in Kakheti.

There are beautiful old fruit-bearing vines in Kakheti (Georgia) aged 135 -150 years. There are already few clusters on these grapevines, but they weigh 4-5 kg.

And wine from the berries of these vines is said to continue to improve.))

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