Cherry varieties: for the Urals, Moscow region, self-fertile, low-growing

New ones are added every year to the hundreds of existing cherry varieties. Even an experienced gardener can easily get confused in them. The cherry grows almost everywhere where there are fruit trees - in terms of demand and distribution, it is second only to the apple tree. To make it easier to select varieties, we offer a kind of guide. It is far from complete and is represented only by cherries created by breeders in Russia and neighboring countries.

Quick reference of terms

In articles devoted to cherries, there are often terms whose meaning we do not know or understand incorrectly. We will try to explain them briefly. Probably, even advanced gardeners will not refuse a kind of cheat sheet. Of course, all this information can be easily found on the Internet; here it is simply collected together.

Pollination

Most often, the terms associated with the ability of cherries to set fruit from their own pollen are not entirely correctly interpreted.

Self-fertility. Even in the absence of pollinators, cherries can produce up to 50% of the possible harvest.

Partial self-fertility. Without pollinating varieties, only 7 to 20% of berries will set.

Self-sterility. In the absence of a variety suitable for pollination, cherries will produce no more than 5% of the harvest.

Comment! For successful fruiting, the distance to the pollinator should not exceed 40 m.

Entry into fruiting

Compared to other crops (except peach), cherries begin to bear fruit early. Varieties are divided into three groups:

Precocious. The first harvest is harvested in the third or fourth year after planting.

Medium-fruited. Fruiting occurs in the fourth year.

Late-fertile. The harvest begins in the fifth or sixth year after planting.

Data are given for grafted varieties. Steppe cherry almost always begins to bear fruit earlier than ordinary cherry.

Interesting! The technical variety Lyubskaya, related to the common cherry, often blooms in the nursery.

The period of full fruiting of cherries, depending on the variety, occurs at 8-12 years of age.

Cherry sizes

According to size, cherry varieties are also divided into three groups:

Short. A tree, or more often a bush, the height of which does not exceed 2 m.

Medium height. Plant 2-4 m high.

Tall. Cherry, the height of which reaches 6-7 m or more.

Plant size is not a constant. With poor care, the cherry will be lower than the declared size, and with an excess of nitrogen fertilizers, it will be higher. In both cases, the yield and quality of the fruit will suffer.

Harvest dates

Everything seems to be clear with this. There are varieties:

Early ripening. They begin to bear fruit in late June - early July.

Mid-season. The harvest is harvested in July.

Late ripening. Cherries ripen in August.

Attention! These dates are very approximate and are given for the main territory of Russia. In Ukraine, for example, by the end of July, even most late varieties manage to finish bearing fruit.

Remember, the further south the region, the earlier the cherries ripen.

Purpose of fruits

Cherry varieties are divided into three groups:

Technical. They usually have small sour berries with a high content of vitamins and other useful elements. Eating them fresh is a dubious pleasure. But these cherries make the best jams, juices, and wines.

Universal. The berries are suitable for processing and fresh consumption.

Dining rooms. They are often called dessert. The fruits are very beautiful and tasty; they contain a lot of sugar and little acid. Such cherries are good to eat fresh, but the processed products from them are mediocre. They are distinguished by a “flat” taste and weak aroma.

Woody form of cherry

Cultivated cherries are divided into two groups based on plant shape:

Shrub. It combines steppe cherry and those varieties of common cherry that grow in the form of a multi-stemmed low bush. Typically this group is more resistant to frost than the tree group. It bears fruit mainly on last year's shoots.

Tree-like. Unites most varieties of common cherries. It forms one trunk and bears fruit mostly on bouquet branches, less often on annual shoots. Drought resistant.

Features of the fruit

Cherry fruits are divided into two unequal groups:

Morels or griots. The juice of most varieties of steppe and common cherries is rich red. It gets your hands dirty, has a pronounced aroma and noticeable sourness even in table varieties.

Amoreli. Cherry varieties with pink fruits and light juice. There are much fewer of them, they are sweeter.

A short dictionary of hybrids

Recently, many hybrids have been created. This is not least due to the desire to develop cherry varieties that are disease-resistant and can withstand severe frosts. In addition, residents of cold regions do not give up hope of getting cherries suitable for growing in the North in their gardens.

Duke. Hybrid of cherry and sweet cherry.

Cerapadus. A hybrid of cherry and Maak bird cherry, where the mother plant is cherry.

Padocerus. The result of crossing a cherry with a bird cherry, the mother plant is the Maak bird cherry.

Comment! Cherry-plum hybrids are classified as plums.

Cultivation care

To get a full harvest, it is recommended to take good care of the tree. To do this, it is worth trimming the plant in time, loosening the soil, watering and fertilizing. For 2 years after planting, cherries do not require fertilizing. During this period, it is worth loosening the soil.

After the specified time, fertilizers are applied. This is done during the following periods:

During the first 2 years it is worth thinning out the branches. This is done before the buds appear. Subsequently, the procedure is carried out more carefully. To do this, remove branches and forks in the crown structure.

At the same time, removing skeletal branches is strictly prohibited.

Before the buds open, it is recommended to treat cherries with a urea solution. It should have a concentration of 7%. After the buds open, Neoron or colloidal sulfur is used. In summer, the plant is sprayed with Fufanon. In the fall, a 4% urea solution is used and the solution is whitened with lime and copper sulfate.

Growing cherries in regions with harsh climates is difficult. To achieve good results, first of all, you should choose the right variety. It must have high frost resistance parameters and be immune to disease.

Source

The best varieties: how to choose cherries and not be disappointed

Often amateur gardeners complain that their cherries do not bear fruit well, often get sick, and in general they are disappointed in this crop. And the reason may be that they choose the wrong varieties.

1. Plant only cherries that are designated or zoned for your region. It would be a mistake to assume that southern varieties will not grow in the North, but it’s easy to do the opposite. If you decide to take a risk, take the trouble to go straight to the nursery for cherries. There is a golden rule for planting the “inappropriate” crop. If you want to grow a variety intended for a region further south than yours, buy it from a nursery in the north and vice versa.
2. Think about how your cherry will be pollinated. Even self-fertile varieties will produce the best yield when cross-pollinated. For example, the famous Lyubskaya, depending on the region, produces an average of 12-15 or 25 kg per bush. But in the presence of the “right” pollinators, its yield can exceed 50 kg. Plant cherries in pairs, ask your neighbors what varieties they grow. The pollination radius is 40 m, which is not so small. As a last resort, graft a branch of the desired variety onto the tree.
3. Think carefully about which cherries to plant. Don't neglect technical varieties! The dining rooms look beautiful and eating them fresh is a pleasure. But the juice and jam they make are mediocre. Their taste is flat, “nothing.” Have you ever wondered why only sweet cherries are not planted in Ukraine? It does not grow in every area. But try to find even a tiny courtyard without cherry trees, you will search for a long time. Sweet berries are eaten and forgotten, but jam and juice will delight us until the new harvest, diversifying our diet and replenishing the lack of vitamins.
4. When looking at cherry characteristics, correlate the yield with the plant's habit.
5. Tree size. Think carefully about the height of the cherry that will suit your yard. 6-7 kg of fruit collected from a two-meter tree or bush will all be eaten or processed. But a 7-meter cherry tree that produces 60 kg of berries will feed birds, a caterpillar (it’s difficult to process), and the crop will simply rot or dry out.
6. Residents of the northern regions, do not chase early varieties! They usually bloom early too; it is difficult for them to avoid returning frosts and wait for the flight of beneficial pollinating insects. It’s better to get a decent harvest in two weeks or even a month than to admire the blossoms every year and buy cherries at the market.
7. Manure! It has nothing to do with varieties, but it cannot be ignored. The fact that cherries love manure is written in almost every article devoted to this crop. But we read this and conveniently forget. But the famous Ukrainian cherry orchards began to decline not when coccomycosis began to rage, but much earlier! They lost much of their attractiveness and fertility when cows became rare on the farm! If you want an exemplary cherry tree, manure it!

Comment! If you need cherry varieties without shoots and with good winter hardiness, pay attention to Bessey.

Zagrebinskaya

Zagrebinskaya cherry has good data for cultivation in the Urals and Siberia. The tree of this variety has a spreading and sparse crown. Shoots can grow to a height of up to two meters. A special characteristic of the variety is late flowering.

Therefore, berries can be picked from mid-August. The yield from one tree is 6 kg. The fruits have a pleasant sweet and sour taste and very juicy pulp. This is a self-fertile plant that needs pollinating neighbors. Alatyrskaya will be an excellent pollinator for Zagrebinskaya.

The best varieties of cherries for the Moscow region

Today there are many cherries that are suitable for growing in the Central regions of Russia. It is best to choose varieties whose flowering periods allow you to avoid spring frosts - mid and late fruiting.

Self-fertile cherry varieties

There are quite enough self-fertile cherry varieties for the Moscow region. There is plenty to choose from:

• Assol;
• Apukhinskaya;
• Brunette;
• Bulatnikovskaya;
• Volochaevskaya;
• Cinderella;
• Lyubskaya;
• Mtsenskaya;
• Youth;
• Memory of Enikeev;
• Tamaris;
• Chocolate girl.

Of course, in the Moscow region you can grow self-fertile varieties intended for other neighboring regions. We have provided a list of cherries bred specifically for the Central region.

short

What variety of cherry is best to plant in a small area in the Moscow region? Of course, he's short. And if you graft 1-2 branches of a pollinating variety onto it, you will actually get a garden tree. Among the small cherries suitable for growing in the Central region are:

• Anthracite;
• Bystrinka;
• Winter Garnet;
• Lyubskaya;
• Youth;
• Mtsenskaya;
• Lighthouse;
• In memory of Mashkin;
• Saratov Baby;
• Tamaris;
• Chocolate girl;
• Spanka Dwarf.

Sweet

Residents of the Moscow region pay special attention to varieties with a dessert taste. Not many cherries can pick up enough sugar in cool climates. You should pay attention to the following varieties:

• Ashinskaya;
• Bulatnikovskaya;
• Vladimirskaya;
• Volochaevskaya;
• Griot Moscow;
• Sap;
• Zhukovskaya;
• Winter Garnet;
• Igritskaya;
• Nurse of the Moscow region;
• Lighthouse;
• Morozovka;
• Michurinskaya;
• Octave;
• In memory of Mashkin;
• Memory of Enikeev;
• Radonezh;
• Saratov Baby;
• Spartan;
• Tamaris;
• Dwarf spandex;
• Shpanka Bryansk;
• Chocolate girl.

Timing and technology of planting work

Cherry trees should be planted in early spring. At the same time, you should definitely insulate and mulch the soil. This should be done immediately after the snow melts and the ground thaws.

When planting cherries during this period, there is a risk of late frosts. In summer, the seedling may not receive enough moisture and nutrition from the soil. Therefore, it is recommended to systematically water the tree. Immediately after planting, organic fertilizers and urea are added to the soil.

Planting cherries in the fall in these regions is not recommended. Even with good insulation, severe frosts will lead to the death of a young plant.

The best varieties of cherries for the Urals with photos

The harsh climate of the Urals with uneven distribution of precipitation requires especially careful selection of varieties. We recommend paying attention to the following cherries:

• Altai Swallow;
• Ashinskaya;
• Bessey;
• Biryusinka;
• Bogatyrka;
• Bolotovskaya;
• Brusnitsyna;
• Vladimirskaya;
• Dessert Volzhskaya;
• Lyubskaya;
• Robin;
• Dream of Trans-Urals;
• Mtsenskaya;
• Ob;
• Trinity;
• Ural Ruby;
• Shpanka Shimskaya;
• Generous (Maksimovskaya).

Generous

Quite often, the Shchedraya variety is grown in the gardens of the Urals or Siberia. This is a two-meter tree, which is characterized by a sparse crown. Here it is necessary to regularly trim broken and dried branches.

The berries have an excellent taste. Their skin is dark red. Average weight is about 4 g. The pulp is very easily separated from the stone. The appearance of the fruit, thanks to the rich color and shine of the peel, is very beautiful. It is worth noting that when ripe, the fruits do not fall off, but continue to hang on the branches. Also, the berries do not have a tendency to crack.

The harvest falls in August (mid-month). One tree, if cared for comprehensively and thoroughly, produces up to 9 kg of berries. Moreover, compliance with all agrotechnical practices allows you to obtain stable fruiting even in areas with a harsh climate.

Generous is self-fertile. Therefore, good fruiting can be expected from it when grown in close proximity to seedlings of pollinating varieties. Varieties such as Polevka Michurina and Mayak have proven themselves to be excellent.

The advantages of the variety include the following points:

• ease of care;
• high productivity;
• excellent cold resistance. The tree tolerates cold well, not freezing even in severe frosts;
• drought resistance;
• compactness.

The disadvantages include the need for frequent pruning.

Above were presented cherry varieties for the Urals and Siberia, which are recognized by many experts as the best. When growing any variety of cherries for the Urals, you need to take into account the species characteristics, as well as the care requirements. Then you can achieve truly abundant and high-quality fruiting from the tree.

Cherry varieties for Siberia

Only varieties of medium and late ripening are suitable for cultivation in Siberia. Most often, steppe cherry cultivars are planted there, which better withstand the vagaries of changeable weather. It is worth paying attention to Bessey (sand). Unfortunately, in Russia they still pay little attention to this cherry, and the North American varieties have not been tested here.

The following are grown in Siberia:

• Altai Swallow;
• Bessey;
• Biryusinka;
• Vladimirskaya;
• Zherdyaevskaya Beauty;
• Desired;
• Lyubskaya;
• Ob;
• Ural Ruby;
• Shubinka;
• Chocolate girl;
• Shpanka Shimskaya;
• Generous (Maksimovskaya).

Comment! Varieties of common cherries in Siberia are grown as stanza (cover crop).

Sverdlovsk resident

Another popular Ural variety is Sverdlovchanka. Like Michurina's Vole, she was bred from Ideal. The trees are of the bush type and are capable of growing to a height of 2 m. Due to the density of the crown, the variety requires periodic thinning.

Cherries bear fruit on the 20th of August. With proper care, it is possible to remove up to 10–15 kg of berries from one tree. The fruits are fleshy, covered with a dark red peel. They have a sweet taste with a slight sourness. Also, this Ural cherry is characterized by self-sterility. Voles Michurin and Shchedraya can be used as pollinators here.

The best varieties of cherries for the Leningrad region

It's hard to grow cherries in the Northwest. But every year new varieties appear - this region is densely populated, fruit crops are in demand. In the Leningrad region you can grow:

• Altai Swallow;
• Bessey;
• Vladimirskaya;
• Zherdyaevskaya Beauty;
• Desired;
• Star;
• Lyubskaya;
• Morozovka;
• Shubinka;
• Ural Ruby.

Secrets of experienced gardeners

Pear for the Urals: the best varieties

It would seem impossible to grow cherries under critical weather conditions. But this is a mistaken opinion. Gardeners in the Urals recommend using tips that will help you get a good harvest of berries:

• When choosing a crop variety, give preference to those that are suitable for cultivation in this region.
• Periodically thin out the crown and destroy the side sills.
• Water the trees according to the recommendations (at least 3 times during the season using settled warm water).
• Do not neglect feeding the cherries. To do this, it is recommended to use ready-made complex fertilizers, which can be purchased in specialized stores.
• To prevent trees from freezing in winter, their trunks must be insulated. For this you can use special insulating material.
• In order to prevent cherries from becoming infected with diseases that can negatively affect not only the growth of the tree, but also the yield, gardeners recommend treating them with special means.

Cherry varieties for the Krasnodar Territory and southern regions

Residents of warm regions have a large selection of cherries. Large-fruited and sweet dukes grow well there, varieties of any ripening period, including early ones. It is worth paying attention to cultivars that tolerate heat and drought well. Cherry varieties for the Krasnodar Territory and southern regions:

• Ashinskaya;
• Meeting;
• Garland;
• Drop;
• Lyubskaya;
• Morozovka;
• Hope;
• Novella;
• Night;
• Podbelskaya;
• Vocation;
• Prima;
• Rossoshanskaya;
• Tamaris;
• Turgenevka;
• Fairy;
• Kharitonovka;
• Farmer;
• Chernokorka;
• Black Large;
• Miracle;
• Minx;
• Spanka.

Landing requirements

Choosing the right seedling does not guarantee high yield. The tree needs to be planted successfully, preparing a good place.

General rules:

1. The planting site should be sunny and protected from the wind.
2. This variety does not like waterlogged soil, so planting is carried out on hills and hills. It is advisable to choose areas with deep groundwater (at least 2 m).

   In damp areas and clay soils, cherries are planted on a mound.

3. Soils are chosen slightly acidic or neutral . Cherry grows well on light loamy, sandy or sandy loam soils. If the acidity of the soil is increased, dolomite flour is added to the hole.
4. You should buy seedlings from a nursery .
   A closed root system tolerates replanting better, so it is recommended to purchase cherries in a container. When purchasing a seedling with an open root system, it is carefully inspected to ensure there is no damage. Before planting, be sure to soak the roots in a Zircon solution. Seedlings must have a well-developed root system.

Landing algorithm

Planting is carried out using the following technology:

1. The holes are marked at a distance of 2 m from each other.
2. If there are no pollinating varieties on the site, then it is advisable to purchase and plant them at the same time as the Standard Ural cherry.
3. The planting scheme is drawn up taking into account the placement of different varieties.
4. The depth of the hole depends on the quality of the soil and the development of the root system.
   Average – Construction of a standard planting pit.
5. The width of the planting hole also depends on the root ball. It is enough to make a hole with a diameter of 60–70 cm.
6. Preparing the soil for a planting hole is as follows: the top layer of soil is mixed with compost, rotted manure, peat in a 1:1 ratio; potassium-phosphorus fertilizers ( no more than 0.3 kg ) can be added to each hole.
7. Drainage is poured into the bottom of the hole.
   It is necessary to prevent moisture stagnation. You can use fine crushed stone, gravel, sand. The thickness of the drainage layer is at least 10–15 cm.
8. The prepared soil mixture is poured into a planting hole in the form of a hill, a support peg is hammered in, and the seedling is installed vertically. The roots are carefully straightened, then covered with the remaining soil.
9. The earth is compacted.
10. The seedling is tied up and watered.
    The tree trunk circle is watered several times until the water stops being absorbed; soil is added if necessary.
11. The tree trunk circle is mulched with straw, sawdust or mown grass.

The best varieties of cherries for the middle zone and Chernozem region

Cherries feel comfortable in central Russia. It grows well in black soil at moderate temperatures throughout the year. You should pay attention to the varieties:

• Anthracite;
• Bystrinka;
• Vladimirskaya;
• Griot Moscow;
• Dessert Morozova;
• Zherdeevskaya Beauty;
• Zhukovskaya;
• Zhyvitsa;
• Igritskaya;
• Lebedyanskaya;
• Robin;
• Morozovka;
• Novella;
• In memory of Mashkin;
• Gift for Teachers;
• Podbelskaya;
• Putinka;
• Rossoshanskaya;
• Radonezh;
• Spartan;
• Turgenevka;
• Kharitonovskaya;
• Chereshnevaya;
• Black Large;
• Shubinka;
• Shpanka Bryansk.

Separately, I would like to highlight self-fertile cherry varieties for the middle zone:

• Assol;
• Brunette;
• Bulatnikovskaya;
• Volochaevka;
• Dessert Volzhskaya;
• Drop;
• Lyubskaya;
• Mtsenskaya;
• Youth;
• Mtsenskaya;
• Youth;
• Hope;
• Memory of Enikeev;
• Tamaris;
• Fairy;
• Farmer;
• Chocolate girl.

Lighthouse

This is a low-growing species, the crown of which is formed by spreading branches. Was withdrawn in Yekaterinburg. If this variety is properly cared for, up to 15 kg of berries can be harvested from one plant. The fruits ripen in July. They are sweet and large. The average weight is about 6 g. The skin color is red. Characteristic cracking. According to the characteristics of the fruit, this variety is similar to cherries.

The lighthouse has good frost resistance. However, it shows a tendency to thicken and grow. Therefore, it is necessary to periodically remove shoots and cut off excess branches. In this case, you cannot prune annual shoots. Mayak is a partially self-fertile variety. Therefore, it will produce a better harvest if pollinators are planted next to it. The obvious disadvantages of the variety are poor immunity to coccomycosis.

Gridnevskaya

It was brought from the Samara region. The description of the variety contains the following characteristics:

• excellent yield;
• good resistance to low temperatures;
• self-sterility. Therefore, pollinators should be planted next to the seedlings;

The tree forms a wide, densely leafy crown of large size. Therefore, the variety gives a good harvest only with regular pruning. The harvest ripens in the second half of August. The fruits are dark red. The pulp is very juicy and tasty.

Features of cultivation

Planting and care are important. The viability of the plant depends on this. If the cherry tree is planted and cared for incorrectly in the Urals, the tree will be weak. The plant will not have time to take root before the onset of frost and will die in the first winter.

Selection of location and soil

Plant the plant in an area protected from the wind. To do this, there must be a building or fence nearby. This will prevent freezing. There should be no holes in the crop area in which water can accumulate. A pit located nearby will lead to rotting of the roots.

Climate Features

Cherry varieties for Siberia must meet climatic conditions. The climate in the Urals is not ideal. Only those subspecies that are resistant to negative effects are suitable. The main problem is the cold winter and short summer. In June-August the temperature does not rise above 20 degrees. Light precipitation is likely in summer.

We need the most winter-hardy cherries from the Urals and Siberia. The tree must withstand temperatures dropping to 40 degrees below zero. It is also necessary to take into account the characteristics of care and the level of productivity.