Tomatoes are rich in various biologically active substances. Such a bright, tasty vegetable can normalize the acidity of the intestinal microflora, as well as prevent cell aging. Regular consumption of delicious tomatoes significantly reduces the risk of cancer. Tomatoes have powerful antioxidant properties, thanks to which they completely neutralize free radicals in the human body.
A huge amount of lycopene is found in ordinary tomato paste, which modern experts advise to eat. Tomatoes are indicated for cleansing the walls of blood vessels, preventing strokes and heart attacks, and also for treating atherosclerosis. Healing tomato juice is necessary for all people suffering from intestinal or stomach ulcers.
Tomatoes, ground to a mushy state, are used externally to treat non-healing ulcers, ulcers and erysipelas of the skin. This remedy is also indicated for severe varicose veins. Tomatoes produce a miraculous effect on the condition of the blood vessels in the brain, and also prevent the formation of fatty tissue in the liver area, while simultaneously normalizing cholesterol levels in the blood. It should also be noted that tomatoes can reduce weight, normalize carbohydrate metabolism, improve the functioning of the eyes and reproductive system, provide complete cellular nutrition and restore the functioning of the nervous system.
Composition and calorie content
Calories 24 Kcal
- Fat:
0.2 g - Proteins:
1.1 g - Carbohydrates:
5.2 g - Water:
92.8 g - Ash:
0.7 g - Fiber:
1.4 g
| Vitamins | Quantity | % RDN |
| Lycopene | 2.57 mg | 52% |
| Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) | 25 mg | 28% |
| Beta carotene | 450-800 mcg | 13% |
| Minerals (per 100 g): | Quantity | %RDN |
| Bor | 115 mcg | 164% |
| Rubidium | 153 mcg | 153% |
| Beryllium | 6-24 mcg | 120% |
| Cobalt | 6 mcg | 60% |
| Germanium | 60-200 mcg | 33% |
| Lithium | 29 mcg | 29% |
| Silicon | 6 mg | 20% |
| Potassium | 290-306 mg | 13% |
| Copper | 110 mcg | 11% |
| Chromium | 5 mcg | 10% |
Full chemical composition ➤
Other important connections:
- Phytosterols
— 7 mg (12.7% of RDA)
- Purines
— 6 mg (3% of RDA)
- Oxalic acid
— 2 mg (0.5% of RDA)
Tomato varieties for the Moscow region
Garden crops such as tomatoes are very popular because they are easy to grow in the Moscow region and have excellent taste. To grow tomatoes in such climatic conditions, it is recommended to choose different varieties of early or medium ripening. As a rule, it will not take more than 90 days for such fruits to ripen. They can be sown immediately in open ground after the end of the late May frosts. These varieties will allow you to harvest an excellent harvest of the sweetest and ripest tomatoes. We can note such popular varieties for the Moscow region as “Sladkaya Grozd”, “White Filling”, “Sultan”, “Siberian Precocious” and “Andromeda”.
| Sweet Bunch White filling Sultan Andromeda Siberian early ripening |
Late blight of tomatoes - the scourge of gardeners
Late blight (late blight) or brown rot of tomatoes is a fungal plant disease caused by the simplest microscopic fungus Phytophthora infestans. Rainy weather for a long time provokes the occurrence of the disease. Also a bad neighbor in terms of epidemics is potatoes, which are often the first to fall ill.
There are dry, burn-like marks on the leaves, brown or brown spots on the stems and fruits. Just a few days later the greens curl and the tomato bush dies.
To combat the fungus, a biofungicide with antifungal and antibacterial action is used - phytosporin. Or a fungicide based on copper oxychloride Hom.
There are also folk, non-chemical methods of combating late blight, but this is a topic for another, more detailed discussion.
Harvesting tomatoes
Tomato harvesting is completed before the onset of cold nights. Temperatures of +8 °C are already detrimental to fruits. If the temperature drops even lower, the fruits even when picked rot, before they have time to ripen. Therefore, it is better to remove them from the bushes when they are brown or even green. This speeds up the filling of the remaining ovary.
Ripening is carried out in boxes, where the tomatoes are placed in 2-3 layers. It is also useful to put a few red tomatoes in the box: they emit ethylene gas, which accelerates the ripening of green tomatoes.
Dutch varieties of tomatoes
Such seeds in almost all cases give an unsurpassed harvest. They are resistant to various diseases. Separately, we can note such varieties as “Skif F1”, “Tarpan F1”, “Tolstoy F1”, “Rio Grande”, “Crystal F1” and “Don Jose F1”. All fruits of the presented varieties are characterized by increased fleshiness, dense skin and rapid germination. In addition, these tomatoes have a spectacular appearance and extraordinary taste.
| Skif F1 Tarpan F1 Tolstoy F1 Rio Grande Crystal F1 Don Jose F1 |
Early and late varieties of tomatoes
To obtain early production, the following tomato varieties are recommended: Ranniy 83, Utro, Volgo-Akhtubinsky, Novinka Pridnestrovya, Kyiv 139, Talalikhin 186.
To receive products at a later date: Donetsk 3/2-1, Sovetsky 679, Volgograd 5/85, Quiz, Liya.
Late varieties of tomatoes include: Tita, Miracle of the Market.
In protected ground (greenhouses, greenhouses) it is better to grow tomato varieties such as Vnukovsky, Immunny, Rucheek, Ukrainian, Vainmon, Carlson, Lastochka, Rusich, Strizh, Solnyshko, Ukrainian Teplichny 285. Promising varieties: De-Barao, Tsifomandra, Kron Prince , Giant, Giant Slivyanka.
Under optimal conditions for cultivating the above varieties, tomato plants reach a height of up to 3-4 meters, are capable of forming large clusters and yielding 20-30 kg per bush.
You can also grow varieties for industrial use, such as Alekseevsky and Korneevsky, which reach a height of no more than 1.5-2 m in greenhouses, but have excellent taste.
Weight and color of tomato fruits
Tomato fruits, depending on the variety, can be small (weight 50-60 g), medium (80-100 g) and large (more than 100 g). Some specimens can reach a mass of 500 g or more.
Color varies from pale pink to bright red, white, light green, light yellow to golden yellow. There are even black varieties.
The most valuable are the red varieties of tomatoes (Tolstoy F1, King of the Giants, etc.). And cherry tomatoes are perhaps the healthiest.
how tomatoes grow photo
Growing tomatoes
Planting tomatoes for seedlings. Tomato seeds are formed already in the year of sowing. They are small and triangular-kidney-shaped. The weight of one thousand seeds does not exceed 5 grams. They have a grayish-yellow color. The germination of such flat seeds can last about 6 years. The sowing time for these vegetables should be calculated mainly from the date of intended planting of seedlings. As a rule, seeds should be sown 50 or 60 days in advance. The optimal sowing time is mid-March and early April. Earlier sowing of seed material is extremely undesirable, since the seedlings will greatly overgrow, which means they will be sick for a very long time after transplantation.
Before sowing seeds, it is recommended to soak them for 12 or 14 hours in a special solution of essential microelements. For planting, experienced gardeners recommend purchasing universal soil for tomatoes and small containers. The soil mixture is well leveled and moderately moistened. It is recommended to have a separate container for each individual variety. The selected seeds are sown in pre-prepared grooves at a distance of about 5 cm from each other, the depth should not be more than 1 cm. The containers with the planted seeds are covered with film.
The optimal temperature for germination is 25 °C. The first shoots in such conditions will appear on the 5th day. After they appear, you can remove the film and place the box on the windowsill. After the cotyledon leaves open, the temperature can be reduced to 15 °C heat. Make sure that watering is regular, but very moderate.
When to plant tomato seedlings? Seedlings can be planted after the end of frost. There should be at least 70 cm between rows and from 20 to 60 cm in the row itself. It is recommended to prepare the holes in advance using a special measuring stick. Before planting, it is necessary to fill each hole with a handful of humus mixed with phosphate fertilizers. It should be noted that the best results are obtained by potted, stocky seedlings, which take root with incredible ease immediately after planting.
How to grow tomato seedlings? After planting tomatoes, experienced gardeners recommend tying them with a sponge to a fairly strong and smooth stake, the height of which is at least one meter. There is no need to tightly pull the stems to the stake. When the tomatoes reach 40 cm in height, they can be tied at the tops of 4 pieces. Tomato planting is extremely necessary.
Growing tomatoes in a greenhouse. In order to plant tomato seedlings in a heated greenhouse in April, it is necessary to sow the seeds at least in February. Keep in mind that at this time, for the seed to germinate, artificial lighting will be required for about 12–13 hours a day. It should be noted that daytime sunlight during this period of the year is not enough for normal plant growth. The first 3 weeks after emergence, the stems grow very slowly, and in the next 18–20 days, growth accelerates significantly. The optimal temperature for growing seedlings is considered to be from 15 to 25 °C. The water intended for irrigation should also be quite warm - about 20 °C.
It should be noted that seedlings grow in boxes without any feeding. If seedlings need to be picked, it is recommended to cull weak and diseased plants. Water the seedlings at least once every 5-7 days. When the new stepsons reach a length of about 5 cm, the top pair of shoots can be removed. This produces a good standard seedling, the optimal size of which varies from 15 to 35 cm, with ten well-developed leaves and formed inflorescences. 3 days before planting seedlings in their permanent place, competent gardeners recommend cutting off the 2 lower leaves.
Grown seedlings should be transplanted into your greenhouse between the first and fifteenth of May. Small ridges, as a rule, are made along the greenhouse, and their number directly depends on the width of the greenhouse complex. The optimal distance between a pair of plants should be at least 40 cm. It is necessary to mention that the beds with planted seedlings are not loosened or hilled in the summer. Ventilation is mandatory for tomatoes, and it is mainly necessary in the flowering phase. Proper watering should be moderate and regular, then you can get sweet and fleshy fruits.
Conditions for growing tomatoes. To obtain good results, the main condition is proper care of the seedlings. Regular loosening, fertilizing, watering, removing weeds and unnecessary side shoots contribute to the rapid growth of plants and their fruiting.
Late ripening
Late-ripening tomato varieties are best grown in the southern regions of the country, since their growing season reaches 150 days. In terms of productivity, they are significantly superior to early and mid-season ones.
Ermak
A variety of low-growing tomatoes with round-oval red fruits with rough skin, weighing up to 140 g.
Tomato variety Ermak
Resistant to cracking, characterized by consistently high yields and smooth ripening. The fruits of the variety remain on plants for a long time.
Tortilla F1
Indeterminate (tall) non-standard hybrid.
Tomato variety Tortila F1
Best grown in a greenhouse, it bears fruit all season long. Flat-rounded fruits weighing up to 100 g. Extremely resistant to viruses, root rot and brown spot.
We have described to you all the nuances of successfully growing tomatoes; they will help you get a rich harvest of delicious tomatoes.
Application of tomatoes
You can use not only the tomatoes themselves for medicinal purposes, but also the wonderful tops of the bushes. An infusion of dried and steamed tops quickly relieves pain in the feet due to gout. It is recommended to soar your feet with this product. Fat spots and acne will disappear if you treat your face with a slice of vegetable. Daily consumption of one glass of tomato juice with a teaspoon of honey has a general strengthening effect on the body. For a noticeable effect, an 8-week course of treatment is necessary.
For metabolic disorders, a special remedy is indicated. To prepare it, you need to take 1 kg of tomatoes and 300 grams of apples, horseradish and garlic. Everything should be crushed and mixed well. You need to take this paste 2 tablespoons orally on an empty stomach. This apple-free remedy will help you quickly get rid of a cough. In this case, you should take 1 tablespoon before meals 3 times a day. For atherosclerosis and chronic constipation, it is necessary to drink one glass of tomato juice 10 minutes before each meal.
Author of the article: Alexey Alexandrovich Kuzmin, expert agronomist, especially for the site ayzdorov.ru
