Description and characteristics of the cherry variety Chermashnaya, pollinators and cultivation

Description and features of the tree

The description of the plant includes such characteristics as height, crown, pollination, flowering, yield, fruiting and storage of berries.

Crown height and branching

The trees are low-growing, reaching a height of 4-5 meters. They grow and develop quickly, gaining a height of up to 1 meter in one year. The crown is round or oval, raised. The branches grow sparsely. The shoots are woody, straight, dark brown in color. The leaves are large, green, lanceolate-shaped. The surface of the leaf plate is smooth, matte, the edges are wavy.

Pollinator varieties

Chermashnaya cherry is a self-sterile variety. To obtain an ovary, it must be planted next to pollinating trees.

Important! The flowering of the pollinator and the cherry tree should occur during the same period.

Pollinator varieties include:

• Raditsa;
• And the way;
• Crimean;
• Chocolate girl;
• Crimean;
• Bryansk pink;
• Leningradskaya black;
• Fatezh.

Flowering, fruits, yield

The period of fruit ripening begins in the third year of vegetative development. Until this time, it simply blooms and gains strength. It produces white flowers, which consist of 5-6 petals, with a yellow core. One inflorescence contains from 2 to 6 flowers. Afterwards the fruits are formed. Flowering occurs before leaves begin to form.

Produces fruits of medium size, light yellow in color; with increased access to sunlight, the berries have a pink tint. The maximum weight of one berry is 4.5 grams. The shape of the fruit is round. The pulp is juicy, sweet, yellow. The skin is dense, inside there is a small seed that is easily separated.

The highest yield occurs in the 6th year of development. Up to 30 kg of fruits are harvested from one tree. The average age of the Chermashnaya cherry is 25 years. The ripening of berries occurs in several stages, so the harvest is harvested gradually.

Transportability and scope of application of berries

Most often, cherries are used fresh. It is also processed into compotes, jams, and preserves. Berries are stored in a cool place for up to 4 days. If it is necessary to freeze the berries, it is advisable to save the cuttings, then they can be stored for up to 4 months. After defrosting, they retain their sweet taste.

For transportation of berries, cuttings must be preserved, and harvesting is carried out in dry weather.

Harvesting and storage, transportability

Technical ripeness of the fruit occurs by the end of June. The harvest can be picked when the berries turn yellow and the stalk remains green.

You will be interested to know how to distinguish cherries from sweet cherries.

Characteristics of the berries include juicy pulp and thin skin. Such fruits are unsuitable for long-distance transportation. Long-term storage is also undesirable.

Cherries should be stored in separate 5 kg boxes at a temperature of +2…+5°C. In such conditions, the berry will retain its original qualities for up to 4 days.

The popularity of the Chermashnaya variety is justified by its many advantages. To consistently obtain a large amount of harvest, put into practice the agrotechnical recommendations indicated above.

Characteristics of culture

Important characteristics of the crop include resistance to frost, drought and immunity to diseases and insects.

Resistance to low temperatures and drought

Trees tolerate low temperatures below – 20 °C. However, their buds are not so resistant, and if severe frosts are forecast during their formation, it is recommended to take action. Also, for regions where winter temperatures drop below -20 °C, it is necessary to cover the tree for the winter.

The tree is moisture-loving and tolerates hot, dry climates well with sufficient watering. However, it is not recommended to plant seedlings in places where water is stagnant; the development of the tree will be slow.

Susceptibility to disease and insect infestation

Cherry is resistant to fungal diseases, especially moniliosis and coccomycosis. In hot weather, it is susceptible to attack by harmful insects that feed on the leaves of the tree. It is recommended to carry out preventive spraying to prevent their attack. Under optimal conditions, the plant rarely gets sick.

See also

Description and characteristics of the Daibera cherry variety, planting and careRead

Features of care

Caring for Chermashnaya determines the quality and quantity of the future harvest. This is impossible without proper pruning, fertilizing, spraying, weeding, watering, and loosening.

Watering mode

The cherry variety Chermashnaya is considered moisture-loving. It is important not to overdo it with watering and not to waterlog the soil. According to the climatic conditions of the Central District, watering should be three times per season:

• at the beginning of the growing season, during swelling of the buds;
• 2 weeks after flowering;
• several weeks before the fruits begin to ripen.

Pre-winter watering involves preliminary loosening of the soil. This will improve water penetration into the root system. One tree will require 5-6 buckets of water.

Feeding

For the first few years, the planting is fed with fertilizer mixtures added during planting. In the 4th year, the soil is enriched with mineral fertilizers. Humus and urea are often used in a dry or dissolved state.

Spring

At the end of March, May, August, root feeding is carried out. The soil is fertilized with dry ammonium nitrate, a mineral solution with urea and water. Fertilizing with a solution of chicken manure and water is effective.

Summer

At the beginning of the summer period, foliar enrichment of the soil with potassium-phosphorus mixtures such as Planriz, potassium chloride, potash, and humatized ammophos is carried out.

See also

Descriptions of the 20 best varieties of cherries for growing in central Russia

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Autumn

In September, Chermashnaya cherries are fed with compost, peat, and manure. If necessary, the ground is limed with chalk, lime, and ash.

Once every 3-4 years you need to check the acidity level in the soil and adjust it if necessary. With a strong increase in pH, the soil is diluted with high-moor peat. With frequent application of fertilizer mixtures, the soil tends to oxidize. In this case, you need to sprinkle the tree trunk circle with chalk or slaked lime.

Crown formation

It is preferable to prune Chermashnaya cherries in early spring, before the buds swell. In the second year, it is necessary to begin forming the crown. Formative pruning is carried out by year:

1. In the first year, the formation of the lower tier occurs. After trimming the skeletal branches, they should reach 65 cm from the ground and be located at a distance of 25 cm. The remaining branches are reduced by half. The central branch should be 18 cm higher than the others.
2. In the 2nd year, the second tier is formed; it should rise above the first by 95 cm. Other shoots are shortened by one third. The central branch still stands tall.
3. By the 3rd year, the lowest tier is formed; it should be at a distance of 95 cm.
4. Gains. Within 5 years, the cherry tree grows long shoots that need to be cut off, leaving 50 cm in length.

The standard crown shape is sparsely tiered. Such foliage has 4 skeletal branches in the upper tier, 2-3 branches in the second tier and a couple of branches in the last row.

Preparing for winter

Preparatory procedures include pre-winter watering and whitewashing the trunk with lime. The trunk must be insulated with covering material such as burlap, agrofibre, or polyethylene film. To protect the roots from pests, roofing material or a fine metal mesh is placed near the tree trunk.

Sanitary pruning

Cherry Chermashnaya requires annual sanitary pruning and thinning of foliage. This procedure involves removing branches growing in the inner part of the crown, dried, rotten branches. It is important to promptly remove infected areas.

Weeding and loosening

Weeds are harmful because they take nutrients from the tree and clog the soil. To obtain a high-quality harvest, the soil around the trunk is systematically loosened and weeded.

Spring treatment

In the spring, after watering, the dried soil is loosened. This is necessary to stabilize gas exchange in the root system of the cherry tree and preserve moisture in the soil. For greater moisture retention, mulching with dry grass, leaves, hay, and sawdust will be required. To protect the plant before the hot summer period, the trunk is whitened with lime mortar.

Crown thinning for an adult tree

As a result of spring thinning pruning, thickening of the Chermash cherry foliage is prevented. This increases the number of berries, maintains the health of the tree, and regulates the height of the crown. Closely spaced branches and underdeveloped shoots are subject to cutting.

How to plant cherries on a plot

In order to plant cherries on a plot, it is necessary to follow the planting rules, timing, choose and prepare the right place, and choose a worthy seedling.

Recommended timing

Planting of seedlings is carried out in autumn or spring. In the autumn, planting a tree is more risky, as it may suffer from frost if it does not have time to take root. The maximum time for autumn planting is October. After the manipulation, it is necessary to insulate the cherries.

Only 10-14 days are allotted for spring planting. You need to catch the moment when the snow has already melted, the soil has warmed up, and the movement of sap in the tree trunks has not yet begun. This period falls in mid-April or early May, it all depends on the region.

Important! If there are blossoming buds, the planting will be unsuccessful and the cherry will not take root.

Selection and preparation of a site and planting hole

Chermashnaya prefers well-lit areas with full daylight. Places with constant drafts and lands with frequent flooding are not suitable for the tree. Cherries grow well in loose loamy soils. Peat, sand and clay are not suitable for planting. Also, the plant does not take root in acidic soil, but this is easy to fix. Add dolomite flour to the ground.

A pollinator must grow near the tree. The distance between neighboring trees should be at least 3 meters.

The pit has been prepared since autumn. Dig a hole 70 cm deep and about 1 meter in diameter. The lower layers of soil are removed and replaced with drainage when planting. Gravel or pebbles are used for drainage. The topsoil is mixed with fertilizers. Use 2 buckets of humus and 1 bucket of wood ash. If the soil is not fertile, then add 100-120 grams of superphosphate. If the soil is dry, then water it with 50 liters of water and leave it until spring.

Choosing a healthy and strong seedling

It is best to purchase seedlings in specialized stores or from trusted sellers in markets. When purchasing, it is better to choose a 1-2 year old plant, as the chances that it will take root are higher. In the spring, you should pay attention to ensure that there are no buds on the seedling, this reduces the risk of its survival. The seedling itself must have dense living branches, without mechanical damage or cut areas on the trunk. The roots must be intact and strong, without rot.

The neighborhood of cherries with other crops

The sweet cherry tolerates proximity well to other varieties of sweet cherries and cherries. It should not be planted next to plums, apple trees, apricots, and walnuts.

Important! The best neighbors for Chermashnaya are other varieties of cherries.

Landing technology

Landing is carried out according to the following algorithm:

1. Drainage with a depth of 10-12 cm is laid in a hole prepared in advance.
2. Install a support stick to protect the seedling from strong winds.
3. The roots of the seedling are straightened.
4. Place the seedling in the hole.
5. Sprinkle with soil mixed with fertilizers in layers.
6. Each layer is trampled down with feet to create a dense soil adhesion.
7. The root rod should rise 7-8 cm above the soil.
8. Leave a recess around the trunk with a diameter of 25 cm.
9. Water it with water so that the soil is moist to a depth of 50 cm.
10. The central shoot is cut off to form a lush crown.
11. The seedling is tied to a support stick.

Chermashnaya cherry: planting

• Planting material

When choosing a seedling, you should pay attention to the roots, shoots and buds of the plant so that the tree grows healthy and bears a large number of fruits. It is best to buy a seedling in a special nursery, and the roots must be at least 25 cm without signs of freezing or disease. When cut, the color of the root should be white. It is also necessary to pay attention to the presence of growths and swelling, which indicate seedling cancer. The bark should be even and smooth. Also, the seedling should not be less than two years old. Experienced gardeners, before planting a plant, sometimes cut off the ends of thick roots for better survival of the plant.

• Landing rules

It is necessary to choose the right place where Chermashnaya cherries will bring the maximum amount of harvest.

The optimal time for planting will be early spring, so that the tree takes root well enough and has time to prepare for winter. The site should be open, accessible to constant sunlight. You should not choose low-lying areas. There should be light, well-drained and loose soil. Groundwater must lie deep. The tree will not grow on peat, clay and sandy soils. When choosing a place for planting, you should pay attention to the fact that other varieties of cherries grow not far from the Chermashnaya cherry. It is not recommended to plant cherries next to berry bushes, as well as other fruit trees whose fruits are not stone fruits.

The place for planting the Chermashnaya cherry variety is prepared in advance. First you need to make a planting hole, which will be approximately 90 cm in all directions. A mound is made at the bottom of the hole, into which a peg is first driven to create support for the seedling. A tree is placed on the mound, the root system is carefully straightened, and everything is covered with earth. The soil needs to be compacted.

After planting, a circle around the trunk should be formed for ease of further watering. After the seedling is planted, you should water the plant using three buckets of water and lay out a good layer of mulch, which is ideal for compost, peat or ash.

We organize tree care

For successful development of the tree and obtaining a good harvest, it is necessary to organize proper care of the cherry tree: timely watering, fertilizing, caring for the tree trunk, pruning, covering for the winter.

See also

Description and characteristics of Franz Joseph cherry varieties, planting and careRead

Watering

Watering is done every 2-4 weeks in the amount of 7-8 buckets. During the period of fruit ripening, the amount of water is increased to 10-12 buckets. Two weeks before the fruits ripen, they stop watering completely. In the fall, when the cherries are preparing for winter, the amount of water is reduced. Since the Chermashnaya cherry variety tolerates drought quite easily, if there is no possibility of watering, nothing will happen to the tree. It is especially important to observe the watering regime before fruiting begins.

Feeding Chermashnaya

For fruit-bearing and young trees, fertilizer application is carried out according to different schemes.

Fertilizing young trees

Young seedlings need additional nutrients for accelerated growth and strengthening. They are fed with urea in the spring. Fertilizer is given both in dry form and in dissolved form. Cherries take the remaining substances from fertilizers applied during planting. This lasts her for 2-3 years.

Under fruit-bearing trees

Fruit-bearing trees consume more minerals from the soil, as they need to form fruits. In the fall, after harvesting, reduce the addition of urea by 2 times and begin to feed with other fertilizers. 200 grams of superphosphate, 100 grams of potassium sulfate, 1 kilogram of wood ash are buried under the ground of the tree trunk circle. For the winter, the tree is mulched with 3-4 buckets of humus. In the spring it is sealed up.

Tree trunk care

After planting, the tree trunk circle is mulched with various compounds. These include: humus, peat, pebbles, dried grass, straw. This provides additional moisture retention and prevents drying out. This method also protects cherries from the development of infections and attacks by harmful insects.

Pruning and shaping low-growing cherries

The first pruning is carried out immediately after planting. Cut off the central shoot. New shoots of young trees are cut back by 1/5 every year. This creates a low-growing plant, which makes harvesting easier. An adult tree is pruned after picking berries, and dry and damaged branches are removed. When branches grow densely, they are thinned out.

Preparing for winter

After the last winter watering and digging up the tree trunk circle, it is mulched with humus or straw. The trunk is treated with whitewash, this helps to repel rodents that feed on the bark. For greater reliability, the trunk is additionally wrapped with special agrofibre.

Diseases and pests, methods of control and prevention

How to propagate a culture?

Cherry trees are propagated by cuttings. Prepare a landing site with suitable soil in advance. Dig holes 40 cm deep. Place drainage at the bottom of the hole. Prepare a small frame and film. Cut cuttings 30 cm long. Each of them should contain 5-6 leaves. All cuttings are placed in water with a root growth stimulator. Use it strictly according to the instructions.

After the roots develop, the cuttings are transferred to the prepared holes. The frame is installed and covered with film, creating a mini-greenhouse. Within 21 days, the cuttings take root. After which they are planted in designated places. Bury the cuttings to a depth of 20 cm, leaving a depression in the hole.

Watering

If the site is dominated by sand or clay, and the climate is arid, the cherry tree requires watering, especially during the period of active plant growth.

After moistening the soil, it is necessary to loosen the soil to enrich it with oxygen. If there is not enough water, mulch will save the situation. Rotted sawdust, pine needles, and compost are suitable for it. You can plant green manure crops, trim them and make a mulch layer.

The amount of moisture needed can be determined by examining the soil layer. If the moisture is in the soil about 30-40 cm thick, this is enough to supply the tree with water.

Humidification of the Chermashnaya variety must be done several times:

• In May, during the flowering period of the plant.
• At the time of setting and filling the fruits in late May - June.
• In the fall, before wintering, if the season was dry and the soil was not moistened.

There are several ways to moisten the soil near Chermashnaya cherries:

• Traditional watering using a bucket or hoses.
• Drip system equipment.
• Sprinkling method. Ideal for young seedlings.

It is necessary to moisten the plant in the evening, when the sun has set, or early in the morning before it rises.

Reviews from summer residents about the variety

Alexey, 38 years old, Tver: “I planted the Chermashnaya variety of cherries 6 years ago. The seedling took root easily and quickly. I carried out the work in early spring, before the buds formed, applied fertilizing, and closer to summer the tree blossomed. It is growing rapidly. Every year I trimmed the shoots to prevent it from growing tall. Started producing berries last year. They taste great and are yellow in color. We didn’t try to store everything; everything we collected was immediately eaten and processed. The jam turns out very tasty.”

Artem, 56 years old, Chelyabinsk: “This year I bought several Chermashnaya cherry seedlings at the market and planted them next to the pollinator. Planting was done for the winter. Prepared the hole. I planted it and mulched it. I insulated it for the winter because I was worried that it would freeze. In the spring, buds began to form, and by early summer it bloomed. I hope the variety will justify itself.”

History of selection and region of breeding

The Chermashnaya cherry variety was bred by breeders from the All-Russian Breeding and Technological Institute of Horticulture and Nursery Growing. The mother variety is Leningradskaya yellow. Chermashnaya was bred by sowing seeds from free pollination. The list of originators includes Kh. K. Enikeev, A. I. Evstratov and N. G. Morozova.

Did you know? In Latin, the cherry is called Prunus avium, which translates to “bird plum.”

The variety was zoned in 2004 for cultivation in the Central region of the Russian Federation.

Sale of cuttings and seedlings of sweet cherries:

seedlings of cherries and many other fruits (can be ordered with delivery in Moscow): www.sadypodmoskovya.ru/garden/p3.html

Funtikov Oleg Viktorovich, 214019 Smolensk, Krupskaya st., 61″B, apt. 64

[email protected] frost-resistant cherries about 15 varieties for the north: Pink winter-hardy, Mike, Iput, Drogana yellow, Severyanka red, Severyanka yellow, Amber, etc.

Malovaty Andrey Georgievich, 400074 Volgograd, Bobruiskaya street 4-44 Availability of telephone home, mobile. 8-927-2553889 from 20-21 varietal cherries Valery Chkalov, Van, Krasnodarskaya, Drogana yellow, Bagration, Dneprovka, Zaporizhzhya, Melitopolskaya, Nektarnaya, Black Daibera, Yaroslavna

A nursery in the village of Vereya, Moscow region, not reaching the town of Zhukovsky, on the territory of the Bykovo agricultural enterprise. — www.sadograd.ru/

The best varieties of cherries for the Moscow region

The choice of variety is related not only to climate conditions, soil fertility, and the location of the garden plot. The gardener's preferences are important - one likes large berries. Another would like to get a harvest for wine and jam. The third appreciates juiciness and sourness and the outer color of the cherry fruit is not important to him. Each cold-resistant cherry variety is good for growing in private plots of the Moscow region. But most often, gardeners prefer early-ripening varieties of this crop in order to enjoy the juicy berries in June.

Experts say that dark-fruited varieties are not suitable for canning and are best eaten immediately. But they are considered the sweetest and most aromatic. Yellow and pink cherries are often sour. But they are great for jam and compote. In dietary nutrition, light-fruited cherry varieties are also valued more than cultivars with red berries.

Chermashnaya

In addition to early ripening, self-sterile Chermashnaya is one of the most frost-resistant cultivars. On a tall tree with a lush crown, bright yellow berries with dense, sourish pulp ripen. The strawberries will ripen before. This cherry is valued for its early fruiting - it sets fruit in the 4th year. The variety is considered a dessert variety - good for preparations and fresh consumption. Chermashnaya is capable of yielding from 70 to 100 c/ha. The cultivar is rarely damaged by coccomycosis and moniliosis. Chermashnaya is best pollinated by the Iput variety - it is a universal pollinator for most cherries.

Cherry variety Iput

The cultivar has a wide crown and the tree is vigorous. Iput has become famous for its relatively good resistance to fungal diseases and high winter hardiness. The variety was bred specifically for the Black Earth Region, but in amateur gardening in the Moscow region it is also considered a lifesaver. It rarely fails with the harvest - the yield of mature trees is up to 146 c/ha. It bears fruit already in the 4th–5th year. And the dense berries of Iputi are able to withstand transportation over long distances. The berries of this cherry are massive - from 5 to 9 g. Dark burgundy, almost brown, the flesh is juicy, with slight sourness. Like many others, the cultivar does not set fruit alone. The variety is self-sterile (pollinators Revna, Tyutchevka, Raditsa).

Not a bad variety Iput. It's the earliest on my site. Flowering and ripening are spread over 2–3 weeks. Productivity is not bad - average between Br.rozova and Fatezh. The berry is dense, taste. You can't tell it from the south by taste. It clings perfectly to cherry trees in the crown and in the skeletal ones. As it turned out, it is resistant to moniliosis. I checked it accidentally and reluctantly, having bought an unusable Horus. Her neighbor Bryansk pink caught moniliosis, I put - at least henna. Fatezh, who was affected by the edge, also turned out to be quite stable. I'm pleased with the variety. I can confidently recommend it.

Pourable cherries Iput have an incomparable taste

Cherry Raditsa

The early fruiting of this cherry is valued by farmers not only in the middle zone, but also in the Urals, Siberia, and northwestern regions. The variety is quite winter-hardy and rarely suffers from coccomycosis and fire blight. Appetizing semi-oval Raditsa berries, burgundy-colored, not very large (weight 6 g). Thanks to their dense pulp, they are famous for their excellent shelf life - up to 3 weeks in a cool room. In addition, the berries of the variety do not fall apart in compotes and pies - culinary experts will definitely appreciate this. The yield of Raditsa is about 62 c/ha. Ovstuzhenka, Iput and Fatezh are considered the best pollinators of Raditsa. The variety's early fruitfulness is average - it begins to ripen in the 5th year.

Even in harsh winters, Raditsa rarely freezes

Video: Iput, Odrinka, Revna cherries in the western Moscow region

The benefits of cherries and sweet cherries

The fruits of cherries and sweet cherries are the most popular in Russia due to their high taste and medicinal properties.

Fresh cherries contain a large amount of iron, biologically active substances and vitamins, have a tonic, capillary-strengthening and antihypertensive effect, improve blood composition, and prevent the formation of blood clots. The juice of the fruit is drunk for colds and arthritis, and a decoction of the leaves is used for bleeding and jaundice, and is also used as a tannin for canning.

Cherries contain easily digestible sugars, potassium, sodium, calcium and magnesium. This berry, which has an excellent taste, is widely used in cooking.

Books have already been published today on how to grow cherries and sour cherries - for example, A. Yushev’s book is good. It's also here.

Cherry varieties photo

Pink cherry Fatezh is one of the most popular varieties among gardeners in the middle zone

Rossoshanskaya golden cherry is valued for its good keeping quality

Dark-fruited Odrinka is good for canning and winemaking

Cherry Veda - a low-growing cultivar with high winter hardiness

Cherry Teremoshka - grows small, but produces a decent harvest

Sweet cherry Gift to Stepanov - large-fruited and productive

Getting to know different varieties of cherries better. Only a lazy person would not want to plant this fruit crop on his plot. Large, selected berries, sweet and juicy, ripen in the Moscow region already in the 2nd–3rd decade of June. Simple agricultural technology is suitable for weekend gardeners. And if you choose a zoned or cold-resistant cultivar, the cherry is unlikely to require excessive care. Just have time to harvest!

Advantages and disadvantages of the variety

Advantages:

• The taste of the berries can be enjoyed already at the end of June. This is one of the earliest varieties.
• The harvest will be stable every year.
• The taste of the fruits is pleasant, they will be an excellent treat for the whole family.
• The variety practically does not suffer from pests and various fungal diseases.
• Precociousness.

Chermashnaya cherry, in addition to its advantages, also has disadvantages:

• The variety is self-sterile.
• Berries crack when exposed to excess moisture.