Potato varieties in Belarus - description of the best varieties according to gardeners

Belarusian potato varieties

Since Belarus itself is divided into three climatic zones , varieties were developed specifically for each zone so that the tubers would produce the planned harvest. In this country, potatoes are the second most important bread.

Everyone knows the important role of potatoes for Belarus

And therefore, there is great interest in the development of new varieties that produce stable, large yields.

Potato selection in Belarus

Today the country ranks seventh in the world in potato cultivation and selection in the country does not stand still. New developments are appearing that meet all the requirements of global standards.

The varieties are distinguished by high taste qualities. Now they are selecting potatoes that can preserve tubers for quite a long time at a temperature of 3 degrees Celsius.

In Belarus, the type of local selection Zhuravinka is quite well known; the variety is cultivated by every second farm. It has a starch content of 18.5%, a reddish skin and creamy flesh. 640 centners are collected per hectare . The nutritional properties are excellent and the variety has good disease resistance.

The fruit of the selection of Belarusian scientists was the Skarb variety, which means “wealth” in Belarusian. This is not a random name, because the tubers themselves, when dug up, resemble ingots of gold. The skin of the tuber is yellowish in color and round in shape.

Table belongings with a starch content of 16.5%. When cooked, the tubers do not change to a dark color. At the same time, it is remarkably preserved, and 645 c are collected. from one hectare.

Scientists believe that Scarb can also be used as a natural impurity for soil to remove harmful components.

Breeders of the Belarusian Research Institute produced Zorachka . This species is collected up to 310 c. from one hectare. The variety is round and large. The skin is yellowish, the flesh is the color of homemade butter.

Zorachka perfectly resists diseases and remains dense until the end of winter.

Belarusian potato varieties

These types are used in the preparation of various dishes . For production they grow or purchase – Zdabytak, Atlant, Signum, Maximum.

These varieties have an increased content of starch and are used to make:

The best varieties for planting in Belarus

Nowadays, types with a fairly large proportion of starch are chosen, as this meets the requirements for culinary and industrial consumption . In correlation with the desired effect, in the manufacturer’s catalog, types are divided into groups with different purposes.

There is also a variation in varieties in terms of ripening time. But the middle ones and the types that ripen in the fall are more popular, due to the fact that they have a long shelf life without effort.

Table 1 . Mid-season species that ripen in 105 days.

Table 2 . Medium late species that ripen in 115 days.

Species that ripen in mid-autumn may be damaged by the first cold weather and therefore varieties are cultivated only in the southern regions.

Advantages of Belarusian varieties

More than 100 types of potatoes, varying in terms of growing time, are cultivated on the territory of the republic . All species are zoned for different areas. Tests take a long time to understand how adaptable potatoes will be when grown in a certain region.

Also, the tubers are bred in such a way that their food and commercial qualities are at the level of foreign selection. But unlike it, there is no need to annually update the planting seed material.

Planting potatoes does not require large amounts of fertilizer and large yields of potatoes are harvested from the areas, which have the following qualities:

1. Productivity.
2. Alignment of tubers relative to shape.
3. Presentable appearance.
4. Resistance to diseases typical of nightshade plants.
5. Excellent taste.
6. Excellent preservation in winter.

The republic has a well-equipped technical station and elite knowledge of agronomists developing new types of potatoes. At the same time, the resulting seed material sells well , since sales to various countries have been established for a long time.

The republic produces a lot of elite seed material for sowing potatoes, which is sold after testing by a state inspector who monitors the quality of the material. All this has been going on for more than 100 years.

Features of planting and care

In order to get a large harvest from your garden plot every year, you first need to purchase healthy seed material that matches the species.

The rest of the cultivation technology is no different and includes :

• Weeding;
• Watering;
• Loosening;
• Fertilizers;
• Treatments for the Colorado potato beetle and viral diseases.

In this case, for a large potato harvest, the soil must also be light and fertile.

Taking a competent approach to growing potatoes, creating the necessary conditions, will be the necessary options for obtaining a good, high-quality harvest.

Mid-late potatoes

Mid-late potato varieties produce a harvest 112-123 days after being transferred to the soil. They are more resistant to diseases and adverse weather conditions. The fruits of these varieties are stored until the beginning of the next season.

Zarnitsa

The tubers are bright pink, round or elongated in shape. Up to 15 fruits are collected from one plant. The average yield is 52.7 tons per hectare of land. In cross section - beige color. After cleaning it does not turn black for a long time. Is immune to the most common potato infections.

Zdabytak

Zdabytak forms medium oval fruits. The peel color is bright burgundy. In cross section - white, with a pink tint. One hectare of land produces 60 tons of potatoes. It is considered high-yielding. The tubers contain more than 20% starch; when cooked, the fruits become soft. This variety is demanding when it comes to watering.

Maximum

The maximum forms root vegetables of medium size, the skin is brown, in cross-section it is light, yellowish. Contains 17-20% starch, which is why it boils soft after heat treatment. The harvest is stored for a long time. Bushes are immune to pests and diseases. They do not require much care, bear fruit well in poor soils, and are resistant to drought.

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Description and characteristics of Impala potato varieties, planting and care

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General information

Belarus has always been considered a country of second bread. Potato cultivation in these regions occupies an important place in agriculture. The expansion of the potato industry has always been facilitated by local traditions and the deep knowledge of agronomists. An important role in the achievements of breeders was played by good equipment of the technical base and optimal climatic conditions. Potato varieties in Belarus were developed taking into account their growth in different zones of the country. Many of them are grown outside their homeland. The names of many of them are known to Russian gardeners.

Advantages of varieties of Belarusian selection

Belarusian potato varieties are “adjusted” to weather fluctuations in different parts of the country. If we compare them with imported analogues, they will produce a consistently high yield. They also have increased immunity against diseases and do not suffer from pest attacks.

Through the efforts of breeders, varieties have been developed according to ripening time:

• early varieties bear fruit 85 days after planting;
• The fruits are characterized by average ripening when the harvest occurs only after 100 days;
• varieties of medium ripeness are ready for consumption after 115 days;
• Late-ripening varieties can be dug up 125-130 days after planting.

There is a demand for Belarusian potato varieties both at home and in neighboring countries where there are similar climatic zones.

There are several secrets of success:

1. Selection was carried out under conditions applicable for growing potatoes. Belarus is located in a favorable geographical location and has suitable soil and climatic parameters.
2. There are centuries-old traditions in the field of cultivation and breeding of new varieties. This vegetable is considered the “second bread”.
3. Competent technical equipment, as well as the experience of local agronomists in potato growing.
4. Well-organized and well-thought-out marketing of crops not only to neighboring countries, but also abroad.

Belarus leads research work on potato growing and carries out enormous work in the field of breeding.

The best varieties

If we talk about what the best varieties of potatoes are in Belarus in general terms, then it will be difficult to give a specific answer. It depends on the individual needs of farmers and gardeners. For example, if you need a variety for the production of mashed potatoes (dry), then you need to choose boiled tubers, and denser ones for making chips. For summer residents, early varieties are more suitable, and for private property owners (who have cellars) - late varieties with large tubers.

When choosing a potato variety, the type of soil is taken into account. Therefore, the best type will be the one for which the soil is properly prepared. To have vegetables for all occasions, it is better to plant several types of potatoes at once. This applies to both the ripening period and the quality of the tubers.

Read also: The best varieties of daylilies

And yet, we will try to highlight some of them that have proven themselves to be the most popular in Belarus. The best varieties of early ripening potatoes: Dolphin, Uladar, Lazurit. Late: Rogneda, Zhuravinka, Vesnyanka, Mage and Lasunak. Mid-season: Lileya, Yanka and the most common variety Skarb. Below we will look at some of them in detail.

In Belarus, early potato varieties are successfully cultivated in temperate climate zones. Most of them can be grown in Ukraine and Russia.

• Dolphin. It is distinguished by a high yield of marketable tubers, early yield and good preservation of fruits. The shape of the fruit is oblong, the skin is smooth yellowish, the flesh is light. The taste is excellent, starch is 12-13%, the weight of one fruit is 90-130 g. The duration of ripening from germination to harvest is 1.5 months. Protected against potato canker and cyst nematode, but susceptible to tuber late blight. Is immune to leaf curl and various types of mosaics. The fruits practically do not rot for a long time.
• Uladar. A new variety that has managed to establish itself as an unpretentious and high-yielding crop. Its main characteristics include: drought resistance, early ripening, excellent preservation of root crops, excellent taste of the pulp and undemanding conditions for growing. The shape of the fruit is oval, small eyes are located at the surface level, the skin is smooth, rich yellow. The pulp is creamy, elastic, changes color slightly during heat treatment, and does not become overcooked. Starch content 12-17%. With proper care, the weight of the fetus can reach up to 170 g.

• Lapis lazuli. Table early ripening potatoes with excellent taste. The roots are round, smooth, the eyes are of medium depth. The peel is yellow, the flesh is white. The starch content is average (14%), the weight of one root crop is 115 g. Of the many varieties in Belarus, super-early potatoes, which form tubers in a friendly manner and already after 1.5 months please with the first harvest. It is distinguished by good keeping quality of root crops and resistance to the main diseases affecting nightshades. The tops of the plant are susceptible to late blight.

The article contains photos of potato varieties. There are many types of culture in Belarus, so only a few of them are presented here. In fact, there are 124 varieties included in the state register, and 44 of local selection.

The best mid-season and mid-late varieties

Among these types the following are distinguished:

Lasunok

The starch capacity of potatoes is increased, which gives confidence that the puree made from it will be free of lumps.

Lasunok

Table 5 . Features of the Lasunok variety.

Lasunka has remarkable resistance to diseases of nightshade plants - cancer, late blight of tubers, scab and viruses. The shelf life is only 4 months, provided that the temperature at the storage location is from –1 to +2 degrees.

When feeding planted potatoes, do not get carried away with nitrogen fertilizers , otherwise the tops will grow too much and this will reduce the yield of potato tubers.

Crane

It has good taste and practically doesn’t get overcooked. These potatoes are good for making chips.

Crane

Table 6 . Features of the Zhuravushka variety.

The crane is resistant to cancer and nematodes, scab and blackleg, late blight and viruses. One bush produces many potatoes and therefore produces a good harvest.

The species is responsive to nitrogen fertilizers . Excellent keeping quality; if stored well, tubers can be stored until the next harvest. Requires watering during cultivation.

Yanka

For table use, with a long shelf life and good taste.

Yanka

Table 7 . Features of the Yanka variety.

It resists potato diseases well, such as golden nematode, cancer, scab, and late blight.

It is resistant to mechanical damage and has a shelf life of 95 days, and therefore can be planted for commercial purposes.

Mid-early

• Lileya. Mid-early classic root vegetables, having the same size and weight (150 g), are large. The shape is round, the surface is smooth, and they are not sensitive to mechanical damage. The peel and pulp are light yellow, the eyes are shallow, and contain about 15-16% starch. Has good immunity to typical potato diseases. Tubers with a long shelf life and excellent transportability.
• Yanka. Because of its marketable appearance, the variety is called Belarusian beauty. High-yielding, unpretentious potatoes adapt well to climatic conditions. When grown for many years, it does not lose its varietal characteristics. Susceptible to some diseases. The tubers are oval, smooth, with a creamy skin and a small number of eyes. The pulp is not overcooked, the taste is rich. Suitable for deep-frying, baking and stuffing potatoes. Starch ranges from 14 to 15.5%.
• Treasures Round-oval tubers, smooth, compactly located in the nest. The eyes are superficial and small. The color of the peel and pulp when cut is rich cream. About 13 tubers weighing from 100 to 130 g are harvested from one bush. Table potatoes (with medium boilability) are intended for preparing salads, frying, and frozen vegetable mixtures. The variety needs moderate moisture. Resistant to wrinkled and striped mosaic, cancer, nematode, wet rot and black leg, has almost 100% fruit shelf life. The most common vegetable in Belarus accounts for approximately 30% of the total area occupied by potatoes.

Comparison of the Bellarosa potato variety with other varieties in the table

*Ultra early – 35-50 days.

**Early ripening – 50-65 days.

***Mid early – 65-80 days.

****Mid-ripening – 80-95 days.

*****Medium late – 95-110 days.

Soggy

Boiled potato varieties in Belarus are valued for their mild wateriness, moderate mealiness and soft root structure. To a greater extent, these types are used for preparing purees and producing this product in dry form.

• Zdabytak. Technical late variety, with a high starch content (20-25%). Unlike other varieties, it is highly resistant to blackleg, nematode and late blight of tops and tubers. Has average immunity to scab, viruses and rhizoctonia. A moisture-loving crop, suitable for cultivation on all types of soil. The tubers are very tasty, large and very boiled. They are pink in color, oval in shape and have white flesh. In industrial production it is used to produce alcohol and starch. The weight of one fruit is 100-120 g.
• Krinitsa. Potatoes of this type are not characterized by high yields, but are famous for their good consumer qualities. The smooth yellow tubers have a long shelf life and average starch content. They are used for semi-finished products and purees. Their flesh is tender and boils well. The growing season is 100-120 days, the weight of a marketable tuber is 90-130 g. The variety is resistant to almost all diseases, except late blight. Disadvantage: Does not tolerate drought well.

Late Belarusian potato varieties are intended for cultivation in areas with a warm climate. They can do well in other regions, but there is a danger that they will be subject to frost. The ripening period of such crops is from 120 to 140 days.

• Stonefly. Technical and table variety, resistant to viruses, Alternaria, cancer and nematodes. Moderately resistant to diseases such as scab, blackleg, rhizoctonia and late blight. Large, rounded tubers have yellow skin, small eyes and cream-colored flesh. Root vegetables are suitable for making crispy potatoes, dry mashed potatoes, starch and frozen mixtures. The growing season is 120 days, the weight of the fruit is 90-120 g.
• Zarnitsa. Table potatoes are resistant to all types of diseases, except late blight. The tubers are oval, the skin is red, the flesh is light yellow. Cookability and taste are good, starch content is in the range of 13-17%. It is resistant to drought, has high shelf life of fruits and grows well on all types of soil. Responsive to mineral fertilizers.
• Rogneda. The mid-late variety is suitable for consumption at the stage of conditional maturity; the ripening period of the tubers is 120 days. The shape of the fruit is round or slightly oblong. The smooth, dense peel has a sandy color. The small eyes are located at a medium depth. Root vegetables with a moderate starch content, weigh about 110 g. The taste is sweetish, the pulp is boiled. Main advantages: drought resistance, high yield, shelf life, excellent taste, beautiful presentation. The variety is not picky about soil composition.

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Photos of Belarusian potato varieties can be found and viewed in the article.

Which Belarusian varieties are the best sellers in Russia?

Everyone decides for themselves what to plant in their personal garden, but before you give preference to any variety, you should familiarize yourself with the basic indicators.

Manifesto

A mid-early species of Belarusian selection, with great nutritional properties. Tubers with a starch content of 15%, reddish skin and creamy flesh.

Productivity is determined by various conditions, but under normal conditions they form 71 t.ha. It can be stored for a long time at a storage temperature of 4 °C. The species has developed resistance to diseases and Manifesto is cultivated in the black soil.

Zdabytak of Belarusian selection

A late technical type of potato containing more starch than normal. Forms a harvest of up to 61 t.ha. Zdabytka tubers boil well.

It is valued for its high starch content, reaching 27%, but requires watering during cultivation.

Uladar

An early type of Belarusian selection. This potato can replace the advertised Scarb in its properties . The tuber grows in the shape of a palm with a yellow skin, light yellow flesh, and not deep eyes.

The content of starch substances is 17%. In good years they harvest up to 72 t.ha. Uladar resists most diseases. A species adapted for cultivation on lands of different structure. Potatoes with excellent nutritional qualities - for culinary dishes.

Potatoes are great in dishes around the world

By giving preference to potatoes produced in the Republic of Belarus, you can be sure that in August-September we will harvest a crop of high-quality potatoes. If you adhere to the recommended agricultural techniques, the yields will be stable .

Popular yellow varieties

The Belarusian selection is rich in a large assortment of potatoes with yellow flesh. Many of these varieties are valued for their unpretentiousness and undemanding growing environment. The yellow varieties of mid-early potatoes in Belarus include: Breeze, Dina, Arhidea.

• Breeze. The result of the successful work of Belarusian breeders. An undemanding crop with a ripening period of 2.5 months from the time of planting. This makes it possible to grow it in all regions of Belarus. Large oval tubers with yellow skin and many eyes. The digestibility of the fruit is average, the taste is sweetish. Suitable for freezing and frying. The downside is that the plant is susceptible to golden nematode and is moderately resistant to scab and late blight. The variety is quite resistant to viral diseases.
• Dina. Mid-early variety for table use. The tubers are almost round with small eyes. The peel is yellow, rough, the flesh is lighter. Starch content from 10 to 19%. It is protected from nematodes and cancer, and also has good commercial qualities. Compared to other varieties, it differs in early tuber formation and the intensity of their growth.
• Orchid. Table, mid-early variety, producing stable yields. Drought-resistant, transportable, quickly adapts to the soil. Ripening period is 2.5-3 months. Resistant to nematode, wet rot and blackleg, but susceptible to top blight and scab. It is grown under standard agricultural technology. The peel and pulp are yellow, do not darken when cut, boil well, and are ideal for making purees. The mass of the tubers is up to 100 g, the starch content is 17-21%.

Late ripening varieties

Tubers ripen on the 124-133rd day of the growing season. These varieties have strong immunity.

Stonefly

Produces medium and large fruits. They are covered with thin skin of light brown color. In cross section, the root crop is light yellow. Stonefly exhibits good keeping quality, immunity to infections and resistance to dry periods.

Rogneda

Tall bushes are developing. The fruits are large, light brown in color. The pulp is bright yellow, dense. Does not lose its shape when cooked. The peculiarity of the variety is that it can be dug up unripe. Rogneda exhibits good keeping quality, the fruits retain their shape without changes until the beginning of the next season.

Other varieties

Some Dutch potato varieties are also cultivated in Belarus. These include Rocco and Red Scarlet.

• Red Scarlet. An early table variety, characterized by a high starch content (18.6%). Resistant to potato blight and nematode, partially to late blight. Main characteristics: early, high shelf life and marketability of fruits, produces a large number of tubers, suitable for packaging. The tubers are elongated, with red skin and yellow flesh.
• Rocco. Mid-season table potatoes with high immunity to many diseases (even viral ones). Valued for its good taste and productivity. The fruits are oblong and smooth. The flesh is yellow, the skin is pink with small eyes.

The most famous early varieties

Sedov

Tall. The flowers are white. Stores well. The tuber is white, weighing up to 140 g.

Arrow

Arrow

Dutch variety. The harvest can be harvested 2 times - 35 - 60 t/ha. The tubers are yellow on the outside. When cooked, the pulp does not darken. Crumbly.

Delicious. Disease resistant.

Dnepryanka

Dnepryanka

Ukrainian variety. Can be collected 2 times per season. Yellow both inside and outside. Doesn't darken after cooking. Resistant to diseases.

Impala

Impala

Drought resistant. In regions with a warm climate, you can harvest 2 crops. It has good gastronomic qualities. Productivity – 15 – 35 t/ha. Tall. The flowers are white.

Potatoes are yellow inside and out. One plant produces up to 13 tubers. Not resistant to late blight.

Domodedovo

To plant this variety, fertile soil is required. The inside of the tuber is white. Under one bush you can collect up to 16 pieces, weighing up to an average of 100 g.

Coleta

Coleta

In warm regions of the country, you can harvest 2 crops per season. Productivity – 23 – 45 t/ha. The taste is pleasant. The peel is white. The pulp is yellow. Under favorable conditions it can be stored for a long time.

Resistant to many diseases.

Blame it

Blame it

Productivity – 25 – 40 t/ha. Tall. Flowers, purple tubers. The pulp is creamy. It has a pleasant taste. Resistant to many diseases.

Red Scarlett

Red Scarlett

Dutch variety. Short. The flowers are purple. The tubers are large, red on the outside, yellow on the inside. High-yielding – up to 50 t/ha. Not susceptible to late blight.

Vyatka

Vyatka

Obtained by Russian breeders. It has good gastronomic qualities. Cream-colored potatoes, weighing up to 140 g.

On the cut it is white. The flowers are purple, with a blue tint. Does not turn black when cooked.

Vineta

Vineta

German variety. The flowers are white. Potatoes are yellow. On one plant it grows up to 12 pieces. Productivity – 40 t/ha. Resistant to diseases.

Fresco

Fresco

Dutch variety. Suitable for growing for industrial purposes. Bushes of medium height. The tuber is yellow outside and inside. High-yielding – 23–42 t/ha.

Crumbly. Resistant to many nightshade diseases.

Svyatkova

Svyatkova

An abundant harvest of this variety can be obtained in regions with a warm climate - 50 t/ha. Peel color is white. The pulp is light straw-colored.

Has good disease resistance.

Rosalind

Rosalind

Well suited for growing in summer cottages. High-yielding – 50 t/ha. Not demanding. Does not turn black after heat treatment. The peel is red. The tubers are yellow inside.

You can collect up to 16 pieces from one plant. The taste is pleasant. It is not susceptible to many diseases.

Serpanok

Serpanok

High-yielding – 40 t/ha. In the southern regions, the harvest can be harvested 2 times. Tall. The skin is red. The pulp is yellow. The taste is pleasant. The flowers are purple with a blue tint.

Can be stored under appropriate conditions. Resistant to bacterial rot, cancer, nematode.

Early varieties are planted for cooking immediately after they have been dug. They are not suitable for long-term storage.

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Some tips

All potato varieties in Belarus are grown according to standard agrotechnical rules. Below are some recommendations that have helped experienced gardeners get better results from their harvest.

When planting tubers, the sprouts are placed upward. To ensure uniformity of seedlings, they need to be placed at the same depth.

It is important to ensure that a layer of loose soil remains under the root crops.

To ensure light conditions, plants are placed in even rows with the same distance.

You need to pour a little ash into each hole. This will not only enrich the potatoes with essential microelements, but also protect against certain diseases.

Recipe from a scientist: potatoes in a slow cooker

We return from the market with purchases. Let's go cook Zhuravinka, Lileya and Breeze. Lyudmila Kozlova reminded: the healthiest potatoes are baked in the oven in their skins or steamed.

And she offered her recipe, which allows you to preserve the nutritional value as much as possible.

— Take the potatoes, wash them, peel them and cut them into four parts. If the potatoes are young, you don’t need to peel the peel; for mature ones, you need to cut them as thin as possible. Mix all the parts with salt, add a little vegetable or butter and put in a slow cooker. Cooking mode: “baking”, time: 30 minutes.

Fortunately or unfortunately, after tasting the three varieties, I was still unable to determine which of the three potato varieties I liked better. Maybe "Crane"? Probably because it’s extremely nice to know that you’re getting so many antioxidants!

Potato varieties in Belarus differ in their marketability and shelf life percentage. Suitable for cultivation in areas of Russia, Ukraine, Moldova. Selection was carried out separately for a specific climatic zone of the country, of which there are three. This gave results - the yield turned out to be consistently high without taking into account the composition of the soil, temperature fluctuations and humidity levels.

Vernalization of tubers

Root crops that have undergone vernalization germinate more quickly and produce better yields. During this procedure, it is easier to select planting material. Shoots appear 10 days after planting, and tuber ripening is accelerated by 15 days.

• You should break off the sprouts that formed during the winter storage of potatoes.
• Then place the tubers in boxes in a layer of 3 tubers. Ideally, root vegetables are laid out in one layer, if possible.
• Choose a bright place, preferably near a window. The vernalization period is 40 days. The room must be periodically ventilated and the temperature regime must be observed (+15 o C).
• Root crops must be turned over once a week and the germination process observed. Healthy sprouts should be thick, strong and colored (depending on the potato variety). Their height should not be allowed to reach more than 1 cm.

Before planting, tubers should be treated with insectofungicides or folk remedies. For example, a mixture of ash and copper sulfate is used for this purpose. This product is used to dust the tubers.

You can spray the root vegetables with a solution of trace elements such as manganese, boron and copper.

Description and characteristics of varieties

Potatoes bred by Belarusian breeders are cultivated in this country, Russia, Ukraine and neighboring countries. The main purpose of cultivation is agricultural. Vegetables are sold, exported, processed into semi-finished products, used to feed animals, and stored for the winter.

Attention! Resistance to diseases is proportional to the period of maturation. The longer it is, the higher the immunity.

The vegetable is classified according to its ripening period: early, middle and late. Depending on the region in which they plan to plant the vegetable, they take into account the climate. Most varieties tolerate drought and spring frosts well. Belarusian potatoes are popular among gardeners due to their high yield.

“I don’t recommend buying this.” An expert explains how to choose tasty and healthy potatoes at the market

July 24, 2022 at 11:33 Elena Kleshchenok / GO.TUT.BY

In search of tasty and most nutritious potatoes, GO.TUT.BY walked around Komarovka together with Lyudmila Kozlova from the Scientific and Practical Center of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus for Potato and Horticulture.

Lyudmila Kozlova, head of the laboratory for biochemical assessment of potatoes of the Scientific and Practical Center of the National Academy of Sciences for Potato and Horticulture, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences. Photo: Elena Kleshchenok, TUT.BY

“If it says “bulbachka,” it means the potatoes are unsorted.”

At the seasonal market, the assortment of new potatoes pleases the eye. True, there is also last year’s one - several times cheaper. But what is the use of stale tubers? We focus only on fresh stuff.

- Girls, take the bulba, it’s good! - an elderly woman standing behind a “multi-story” potato counter beckons. Taking a look at these “tiers”, Lyudmila Kozlova hastens to comment:

— You see, the price tags say: “Potato”, “Potato”, “Bulba savory”, but the variety is not indicated. Tubers vary in skin color, size and shape. So it's a mixture of different varieties. I don’t recommend buying this because of the different content of starch and reducing sugars (thanks to them, a golden crispy crust is formed). If you start frying, one part, where there is a lot of starch, will boil, and the other part, where there is little, will remain intact. Where there is a lot of sugar, it will burn, where there is little, it will not. Well, it’s not aesthetically pleasing, after all: you can’t put “mixed-color” tubers on a plate after cooking.

Let's look at the price tags. The larger the potatoes, the more expensive. I wonder if nutritional value depends on size.

“There is no significant difference in the biochemical composition of small and large tubers,” says the specialist. - But there are differences in starch content. Large (as well as very small) potatoes, as a rule, have less starch.

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So much for you! But for potato pancakes, where there should be as much starch as possible, large potatoes are usually chosen. It turns out there is no reason to overpay.

Mid-season

In addition to the early ripening period, gardeners do not ignore potatoes belonging to mid-season varieties. The growing period takes no more than 100 days. The greatest demand is in Dubrava, Krinitsa and Volat. Each person chooses the appropriate option for himself.

Dubrava

Potatoes have a pleasant taste and have good keeping quality. The tuber size is average. The round fruits are covered with small eyes. Belarusians, Ukrainians and Russians choose Dubrava because of its disease resistance and high yield.

Krinitsa

From 6 to 9 tubers are formed in one plant. Considering this fact, the variety is characterized by an average degree of productivity. Long-term storage of root crops is possible. With a round shape, the eyes do not stand out much. The only drawback of the culture is poor immunity to late blight.

How to preserve vitamins when cooking

“Lileya”, “Uladar”, “Lasunak”, “Breeze”, “Vektar”... I don’t even know which variety to choose. I would like a clear and simple answer about how tasty and healthy it is.

— Men often ask me this question, and I immediately ask again: do you prefer blondes or brunettes? — the expert smiles. — Taste is a purely individual matter. Some people turn their nose up at the crumbly stuff, while others just give it that way. As for the biochemical parameters that determine the nutritional value of tubers, the limit of variation in different potato varieties is relatively small. Potatoes that ripen earlier tend to contain more protein and less starch. Late varieties, on the contrary, have less protein, but more vitamin C and starch.

- It makes sense that there is vitamin C in there! - I notice. — Potatoes are not eaten raw, and at high temperatures ascorbic acid is destroyed.

“If you boil peeled potatoes in water or steam, 14-30% of vitamin C is lost, and when cooked in their skins, the losses are quite insignificant,” argues Lyudmila Kozlova. — The largest amount of vitamin, up to 50%, is lost during frying. If you consume 250-300 g of potatoes per day (average daily norm), then as much as 70% of the need for vitamin C can be met only thanks to our main Belarusian product.

We looked for the “Volat” variety on the shelves but couldn’t find it. According to the expert, it contains a high content of vitamin C - 25 mg/%.

Photo: Elena Kleshchenok, TUT.BY

The “Zhuravinka” and “Manifest” varieties are considered rich in antioxidants (substances that protect our cells from toxic effects). Scientists at the Academy of Sciences specially selected them so that the health benefits from lunches and dinners would be greater.

— Here’s “Crane,” buy it to try! - Lyudmila Kozlova points to the reddish-yellow tubers with the corresponding inscription. — The red color of the peel indicates a large amount of anthocyanins, and the yellow color of the pulp indicates carotenoids (provitamin A).

On the recommendation of a specialist, I also purchase a kilogram of “Breeze”. It, together with the mid-season variety “Skarb”, is very popular in our country.

“In general, potatoes are a very nutritious product, and I myself am a big fan of them,” says Lyudmila Kozlova. — It is a source of plant fiber, proteins, vitamin B6, and potassium.

Variety selection

If a person chooses potatoes to plant on his plot of land, he should pay attention to important factors. To ensure that the ripe fruit does not disappoint after ripening, a person must find the variety that will satisfy his needs.

The further cultivation of potatoes depends on a successful choice. The culinary type plays an important role:

1. Category "A". The list includes species that have a salad purpose. As a rule, the fruits have a dense consistency and are not watery.
2. Category "B". In Belarus, these potato varieties are specially bred for preparing first courses. They are not only added to soup, but also fried in a frying pan. The structure is dense and slightly boiled.
3. Category "C". The quality of the planting material determines the harvest that a person will receive. Ready-made root vegetables of category “C” are excellent for making purees. The consistency is soft, so the potatoes become soft during cooking.
4. Category "D". If potato varieties have a similar mark, this means that they are intended not only for mashed potatoes, but also for casseroles. The potatoes are not watery, have a pronounced mealiness and an average degree of boilability.

Each potato variety has unique characteristics. If a person is unable to decide on a choice for planting, another approach is possible. Breeders advise growing several types of varieties in one area. This will allow you to get a varied harvest that will be suitable for consumption before the start of the next season.

When choosing a variety, it is recommended to take into account the type of soil. Before planting, the soil is carefully prepared so that the crop does not need anything during its growth and development. In order for potato growing to give a positive result, it is necessary to use a competent approach.

Belarusian varieties make the task easier for farmers and gardeners. The material for sowing does not require regular updating. The advantage is that separate species have been bred for each region. A person is required to choose the one that is suitable for a certain climate zone.

dachamechty.ru

Potatoes "Aksamit"

Potato 'Aksamit' is a variety bred at the Belarusian Research Institute of Potato and Fruit Growing. Approved for use in the Volga-Vyatka, West Siberian and Far Eastern regions in 1995.

The 'Aksamit' variety is represented by low, spreading bushes. The stem is weakly branched, slightly leafy.

The leaf is large, relatively dissected, pubescent, green, with medium veins. The leaf lobes are large, the edges are smooth, the terminal lobe is broadly oval, with a heart-shaped base and a sharp apex. The lobules are oblong, with unstable leaf arrangement, rod-shaped. Stipules are crescent-shaped.

Medium flowering period. The inflorescence is compact, few-flowered. Peduncles are relatively long. Pedicels are long, pubescent. The calyx is pigmented at the base. Buds open early. The corolla is medium in size, the lobe commissures are smooth, the color is white. The ovary is not colored. Berry formation is average.

The tubers are round, with a blunt apex, weighing 104–149 g, the stolon mark is depressed. Stolons are short and white. The peel is reticulate, flesh-colored. The eyes are few and small. The flesh is white and does not darken when cut.

• Starch content 10.0–15.7%.
• The taste is good.
• Potatoes 'Aksamit' are early ripening varieties. Productivity is 2.8–4.0 kg/m2.
• The variety is resistant to potato blight. Susceptible to late blight, macrosporiosis and common scab. Moderately affected by blackleg and dry rot. During storage it is prone to wet rot.

leplants.ru

"Red Scarlet"

The description of the Scarlet potato variety should begin with the fact that it was bred in Holland. It can be classified as an excellent early ripening variety. The result of planting this variety is quite large and tasty fruits. Red Scarlet is ideal for frying and boiling.

It is worth noting that this variety grows well even in dry soil. This is an indisputable advantage, but Scarlet also has a significant disadvantage: the variety is prone to diseases, in particular scab and late blight.

As for the bushes of this Dutch species, they are quite compact and low-growing. Potatoes bloom with light purple flowers of a pleasant shade. The shape of the potato is oblong and smooth. The skin of Red Scarlet is lilac and has small eyes. Pay attention to the pulp: it is pale yellow.

On average, one tuber weighs about eighty grams. If you properly care for this variety, you can harvest up to two hundred kilograms of potatoes from one hundred square meters. Most often, this variety is grown in Russia, Belarus and Ukraine.

So, a brief description of the Red Scarlet potato variety:

1. resistance to heat;
2. not afraid of diseases such as nematodes and cancer;
3. good keeping quality of tubers;
4. high yield (the variety can safely be called productive).

The Scarlet variety ripens towards the beginning of September. On average, one bush produces fifteen tubers.

Potato variety Bellarosa

Bellarosa potatoes are another productive variety that grows well in Belarus, Ukraine and Russia. Bellarosa comes from Germany, and you can tell the following about him:

• tall and erect bushes, rather large leaves;
• red-violet flowers;
• tubers are round in shape, light red or pink in color. The peel is slightly rough, there are small eyes;
• the pulp is light yellow;
• On average, one potato weighs about one hundred and ten grams. There are tubers that reach a weight of eight hundred grams!
• With proper care, you can harvest up to three hundred and fifty kilograms of potatoes from one hundred square meters.

mag.dom.by

Characteristics of the variety “Zorachka”

Potatoes of the Belarusian zorachka selection have early tuberization and, as a result, a quick harvest. Tubers are aligned, oval in shape. The description states that the fruits are very tasty and can be used fresh from the end of July to the end of December.

Due to the small amount of starch, the zorachka variety is resistant to damage. Almost all early potato varieties of Belarusian selection have good immunity and resistance to diseases.

Planting time for the sunflower variety is highly dependent on weather, soil conditions and regional variations. To plant seedlings, you should dig a trench about 10 cm deep and place the seed tubers in the trench.

It is recommended to fill the trench with soil and cover the plantings. Harvesting will depend on the timing of sprouting, flowering, weather conditions at harvest and the size of tubers you want to harvest. An early season variety, the seedlings mature in approximately 60-70 days.

To collect the largest and highest quality fruits, it is necessary to harvest when the foliage completely stops supplying the tubers with nutrients. In this case, it is necessary to remove fallen leaves to the ground and wait 10-14 days before harvesting so that the fruit can develop a thick enough skin. Don't wait too long or the tubers may start to rot.

ydachadacha.ru

Potatoes "Lasunok"

The most popular mid-late Belarusian variety is lasunok. Its qualities are suitable for both industrial and consumer needs. The lasunka variety has a high starch content, up to 22%, and excellent yield (630 centners per hectare).

Lasunok is also unpretentious in choosing soil. Lasunok should not be heavily fed with fertilizers, since with excessive doses, in particular nitrogen fertilizer, the tops begin to grow rapidly, which leads to a decrease in tubers.

Potatoes grow well in well-drained and loose soil. Tubers need constant moisture, so they need to be watered regularly, especially when the tubers begin to form. Soil drainage should be done before the plant blooms.

Harvesting depends on when you planted your potatoes. You need to dig up the plantings on a dry day. Dig carefully, being careful not to damage the tubers. It is necessary to place freshly dug tubers in a dry, cool place for up to two weeks. This allows their “skin” to acclimatize, which preserves your harvest.

Description of "Crane"

The crane variety is quite common in Belarus. The presence of starch ranges from 14 to 19%, the tubers are round, the skin has a reddish tint. The yield of marketable tubers reaches 97%, the yield is 640 c/g, which pushes this variety to new levels of popularity among gardeners.

The crane is excellent at fighting diseases and has excellent culinary properties. The crane variety can be damaged by diseases such as scabs. Regular scab leaves crusty lesions on the skin of the fruit and limits its storage potential.

Although this disease does not affect the taste and can be easily peeled, it does make the potatoes less attractive in appearance. The disease is caused by bacteria that are often present in manures and grow deep in calcareous and sandy soils in dry conditions. To minimize the risk of such a disease, it is recommended to monitor and properly care for plantings, improving poor soil conditions by adding organic matter.

fermoved.ru

Potatoes "Caprice"

1. General characteristics: mid-early German table potato variety with oval tubers. Easy to care for, resistant to drought and mechanical damage.
2. Ripening period (vegetation): 70-80 days.
3. Starch content: 13.4-16.6%.
4. Weight of commercial tubers (grams): 90-116.
5. Number of tubers in a bush: 6-10 pieces.
6. Productivity (c/ha): 205-336 (maximum – 409).
7. Consumer qualities: good taste, culinary type B, suitable for soups, frying, processing into French fries.
8. Keeping quality (storage ability): 97%.
9. Peel color: yellow.
10. Flesh color: yellow.
11. Preferred growing regions (RF): Central.
12. Disease resistance: the variety is resistant to golden cyst nematode, potato cancer, wrinkled and striped mosaic, moderately susceptible to late blight of tops and tubers.
13. Growing features: not picky about the type of soil, but the presence of stones leads to deformation of the tubers. Tolerates drought well and requires standard agricultural technology.
14. Other: the originator of the Caprice potato variety is SAATZUCHT FRITZ LANGE KG (Germany).

kartofan.org

Variety "Gala"

If you are interested in the truly best varieties of potatoes, then pay attention to Gala. Here is a list of its undeniable advantages:

• medium-sized bush, large leaves;
• there are few flowers on the bushes, they are all white;
• With proper care, you can harvest up to four hundred kilograms per hundred square meters;
• the tubers are round with small and not deep eyes, the peel is yellow;
• the color of the pulp is bright yellow;
• on average ripens in eighty days;
• the weight of one potato is from seventy to one hundred and twenty grams;
• up to 25 tubers can be collected from one bush (see photo of Gala potato variety below).

Also in the description of the Gala potato variety, it is worth noting that the tubers contain small amounts of starch. As for the taste characteristics, they are impeccable. Gala makes excellent soups, salads, and roasts.

Characteristics of "Uladar"

An early type of Belarusian selection. This potato can replace the advertised Treasures in its properties. The tuber grows in the shape of a palm with a yellow skin, light yellow flesh, and not deep eyes.

The content of starch substances is 17%. In good years they harvest up to 72 t.ha. Uladar resists most diseases. A species adapted for cultivation on lands of different structure. Potatoes with excellent nutritional qualities - for culinary dishes.

By giving preference to potatoes produced in the Republic of Belarus, you can be sure that in August-September we will harvest a crop of high-quality potatoes. If you adhere to the recommended agricultural techniques, the yields will be stable.

Description of the Lapis Lazuli variety

Lapis lazuli is a potato variety with large rounded tubers, the starch content of which is 12 - 17%. Early formation of a large harvest is one of the main advantages.

It is advisable to grow Lapis lazuli on light and medium soils, which should not be waterlogged.

To prevent early germination, tubers are initially stored at a temperature of no more than +3 degrees. It should be noted that potatoes exhibit average resistance to late blight, so their cultivation is greatly simplified.

ydachadacha.ru

Variety "Manifest"

The fruit is round or oblong. The pulp can be called pink or red with a slight occurrence of eyes. Many gardeners prefer to buy this type of potato because of its beautiful pink skin and pronounced taste.

Starch in the Manifest variety ranges from 13%, production is up to 740 c/he. The Manifest variety copes well with nematodes. Potatoes also have resistance to common viruses and diseases.

Possible diseases are late blight, which is especially common during warm and humid weather periods in late summer, or potato canker.

With such diseases, dark brown spots appear on the leaves, especially at the tip of the leaves and its edge. These lesions develop white fungal spores on the undersides of the leaves and further lesions develop on the stems. Leaves and stems quickly turn black, and rot causes plant destruction.

The spores are released in the wind and quickly spread to infect nearby crops. The spores may also be washed into the soil, where they can infect the tubers, causing a red-brown rot just under the skin that slowly spreads toward the center of the tuber. To treat and eliminate diseases, use a potato spray with a protective fungicide.

“If a potato is watery, it doesn’t mean it’s chemical”

It is clear that if potatoes have been approved for sale, the risk that they contain more chemicals than normal is minimal. Nevertheless, I express to the expert my concerns about buying watery potatoes. According to popular belief, this is a sign of an “overdose” of pesticides.

The head of the laboratory says this is a myth:

— Humidity or wateriness, as you call it, primarily indicates a small amount of starchy substances in the tuber. The fewer there are, the worse the potatoes are boiled.

Young potatoes often have this property: if the tubers were removed from the soil early, they did not have time to accumulate a lot of starch. The only exception is the Lileya variety. We also buy it for testing.

“It matters in what part of Belarus the potatoes are grown,” continues the expert. — If in the Brest region, where there are more sandy soils, then it is more likely that the potatoes will be more crumbly. If in the Vitebsk region, where the soils are heavier and retain moisture longer, it is less crumbly. It's worth considering what the summer was like. In rainy and cold weather, potatoes absorb a lot of moisture, and therefore there will be little starch.

As for the level of pesticides and nitrates, according to Lyudmila Kozlova, it is impossible to determine it by appearance. A verdict can only be made after laboratory tests. But a changed taste can serve as an indicator. As a rule, if potatoes are bitter, then when growing them they really overdid it with nitrogenous fertilizers and remedies for pests, weeds and diseases.

“If you have prepared this, don’t risk your health, throw it away without any pity,” recommends Lyudmila Kozlova.

— And if the potatoes turn blue after boiling, is this also a “symptom” of pesticides?

“More often this indicates improper transportation and storage of potatoes: with strong impacts or compression, “bruises” form on them,” explains Lyudmila Kozlova. — The appearance suffers, but there is no danger to health. Only in some cases, when all the boiled potatoes have turned blue, can this really be a sign of excess chemicals.

Photo: Alexandra Kvitkevich, TUT.BT

Lyudmila Kozlova is pleased to state that sellers honestly label the goods and give the correct characteristics to the varieties. But he notices that too many washed potatoes are sold on the market. Yes, it’s more convenient for housewives - but these potatoes need to be prepared quickly. Washed tubers do not store well even in the refrigerator.

“As soon as moisture gets on the potatoes, the processes of rotting and spoilage accelerate,” explains Lyudmila Kozlova. — The only exception is if the washed potatoes were stored and packaged under special conditions, that is, in a controlled gas environment. But such potatoes are more often sold in supermarkets; it shows how and when it was packaged.

Late species

Belarusian potatoes, included in this category, have long ripening periods. From the moment of planting in the soil until the harvest is dug up, it takes from 115 to 135 days. The most popular varieties are Vesnyanka, Rogneda and Zarnitsa. They differ in taste and pulp structure.

Stonefly

Ripe fruits have a good presentation due to their even shape and smooth skin. Continues to remain in excellent condition over a long period of time. Light pleasant taste diversifies familiar dishes. In rare cases, signs of potato disease can be seen on the bushes.

Rogneda

At the time of development, the bush reaches enormous sizes; its strength can be determined by its stems and leaves. The pale yellow flesh is covered with a richly colored skin. Ripe fruits are oval. The variety can be dug up before ripening and used for cooking. Thanks to the thick skin, it continues to be stored for a long time.

Zarnitsa

Table potatoes are endowed with resistance to many types of diseases. Unfortunately, he often suffers from late blight. The oblong bulbs are covered with a thick red skin. The flesh inside is yellow. Recommended for consumption by people who prefer boiled varieties.

See also

Types and characteristics of mineral, organic, phosphorus, potassium and nitrogen fertilizersRead

Starch levels can reach 18%. The bushes tolerate drought well. After planting, it grows on any soil. Reacts positively to mineral fertilizers.