Uncovered winter-hardy grape varieties for the Moscow region

For many centuries, the fruit grape culture has been very popular among breeders and lovers of healthy berries. Crimea, Asia and the Caucasus are the territories in the Russian Empire where it was first grown. Thousands of years later, this fruit grows successfully both in the central zone of the country and in its North. The capriciousness of the plant and its heat-loving nature are not a hindrance today. Even amateur gardeners can grow a tasty product based on simple care rules.

When planting a fruit, you need to focus on its characteristics. For example, to grow in the Moscow region, a grape variety must have the following criteria: winter hardiness, good immunity to disease and early harvest. Many varieties of beautiful, and most importantly, tasty fruit are endowed with such qualities.

Siberia

To the delight of northern winegrowers, modern selection has already developed a sufficient number of frost-resistant plant varieties. But, although the species are not covered, most of them can hardly tolerate temperatures below -30. Therefore, if your winter is usually colder, it is still better to provide shelter, even if not too thorough. So, let's look at the types of uncovered grapes suitable for the Siberian region.

Balabanovsky

The grapes of this variety are able to safely withstand frosts of -27 degrees. Of course, in Siberia the frosts are most often stronger, so the Balabanovsky variety is recommended for cultivation in the south of the region. The variety is an early variety - the berries take 125 days to ripen. At the end of August, as a rule, the harvest is already harvested. Since the clusters are not too large, the berries are most often used to make juice or wine. The grapes belong to the blue variety, have strong skin and juicy, pleasant-tasting pulp. Balabanovsky grapes have good shelf life and are resistant to infectious and fungal diseases.

Buffalo

This is a very popular variety among winemakers. The berries in this case are dark blue, very juicy, tasty: they make table wine of excellent quality. In addition, the shrub has high productivity. If you form a bush in the form of an arch, then in a season you can collect about 100 kg of berries from one bush. A bunch, on average, weighs half a kilogram, and one berry weighs about 4-5 grams. It tolerates frost down to -30 degrees: it is clear that this is a critical temperature, below which the grapes will no longer withstand and will freeze. If the temperature in your area drops below winter, it is best to cover the bush.

Amursky

Many gardeners prefer this particular variety for cultivation in Siberia. It will also be suitable for the Moscow region, of course.

The shrub can withstand frost down to -40 degrees. In addition, the plant has remarkable immunity and tolerates transplanting, pruning, and other garden manipulations well. It needs pruning, as the bush produces a lot of shoots.

The average weight of a bunch is 100-150 grams, but up to 250 grams can be found. Amur grapes are a universal species: they are equally good fresh and are used for making wine and juice. Its seeds are also used: they are used to make high-quality cosmetic oil, as well as a useful coffee substitute.

F 14-75

The shrub has excellent frost resistance, however, its berries are not large enough. It is an early ripening species - the harvest is usually harvested in mid-August. The berries are very tasty and have a slight nutmeg hue. This material will tell you about black grape varieties.

"Realigns Pink Seeds"

One of the non-covering grape varieties for the Moscow region, which was bred in the USA. It is characterized by early ripeness (ripening occurs after 100-110 days) and increased frost resistance.

It is resistant to the development of fungal diseases, so no chemical treatment is required.

The fruits have no seeds. The grape is unpretentious and takes root well in temperate latitudes.

The vine is quite fruitful, and on a hectare of land you can grow a crop weighing up to 120-150 kg.

Plant support structure

So, you managed to find uncovered grapes for the Moscow region, buy and plant them. There is still a little work left to do to get a rich harvest.

First of all, to support the vine, which begins to actively develop already in the second year of growth, it is worth building a special structure. To do this, you need to bury iron pipes along the row and firmly fasten the wire to them. Do not forget to make sure that the vine weaves exactly along this structure.

If you organized the planting correctly and took into account our advice about the pipes, then the next stage of plant care will not be difficult. As a rule, watering uncovered grapes is combined with fertilizing. There are different types of fertilizers. If you are going to water the plant using pipes directly under the root, then it is better to choose those that are diluted in water.

Watering with fertilizing is carried out in three stages:

1. Fertilizer is applied after the appearance of new shoots of the vine, when they reach 15 cm.
2. 10-15 days after the plant has flowered and small ovaries appear on it.
3. The main and most important stage is carried out before the berries ripen, when a shade of color begins to appear on them.

If the weather is not hot, then watering can be done from a hose directly onto the plant itself using sprinkling.

Transfiguration

This variety appeared relatively recently, but is already gaining popularity in cultivation practice in the Moscow region. The shrubs are large in size and take root well.

Ripening dates are early. The weight of bunches of grapes varies between 700-1500 g. This is not a complete list of all the advantages that can be assessed when choosing this variety of uncovered grapes for cultivation in the Moscow region.

The berries look very impressive in their light pink color and large size. The taste is in no way inferior - harmonious, sweet, with a slight sourness. The yield of the Preobrazhenie variety is very high - about 20 kg can be harvested from 1 plant. In this case, practically no peas are observed.

Important! When considering this variety as an option for planting on your own site, you need to take into account its not very high resistance to fungi, as well as its susceptibility to wasp attacks. Frost resistance - down to minus 23C.

Features of growing grapes in the Moscow region

Growing grapes in the Moscow region is somewhat different from growing in warmer areas. First of all, shelter for the winter is required (except when the grape variety is not covered), the formation of the vine, the application of fertilizers, and soil moisture.

To get a good harvest every year, you should follow some rules:

• choose winter-hardy, ultra-early varieties;
• plant next to fences to protect young plants from the winds;
• adding potassium and phosphorus;
• autumn pruning;
• shelter for the winter.

These are the basic rules for growing grapes in the Moscow region.

Shaping and trimming

In the Moscow region, pruning of grapes for shaping purposes begins in the second year after planting.

Attention!

In the first year, it is better not to touch young bushes. You are only allowed to tie it up if necessary to prevent it from falling.

Top dressing

The grapes are responsive to fertilization. Especially loves phosphorus and potassium. The first promotes the formation of buds, and potassium improves protective properties and stimulates growth.

The crop can be fed infrequently with manure once every 3 years for digging. 1 bucket is enough for 1 m2.

Early grapes for the Moscow region and St. Petersburg

Watering

Watering grapes is especially necessary when the fruits are ripening. It is customary to water early varieties three times a season, and mid- and late-ripening varieties - four times. However, this is not very effective. It is preferable to water once every 14 days. The irrigation depth is 50 cm.

Spraying

Spraying with Bordeaux mixture is suitable as a preventative measure. Helps well against mildew and oidium. It is useful to spray grapes with fungicides.

Wintering

Proper preparation for shelter is important. They start by pruning the grapes after the leaves fall. If the vine is on a trellis, it is also removed and secured to the ground with metal staples.

Attention!

The shoots should not come into contact with the ground to prevent rotting. Therefore, planks of wood or slats are placed under the vine.

You can cover it with film, spruce branches, roofing material, agrofibre. After covering the old bushes with the material, they are additionally wrapped with twine.

Harvesting

The harvest is harvested in late summer - early autumn. It is recommended to harvest on time, despite the fact that ripe bunches can hang for a whole month.

Isabel

The Isabella variety is excellent for growing in the Moscow region without covering. The weight of the bunches can vary greatly, depending on the characteristics of care - from 200 to 2.5 kg. The average weight of the dark blue-red berries is 3 g. The taste is excellent, so the grapes are consumed raw and used to make white wines.

Important! Shrubs of this species can easily tolerate frosts down to -27C. Plus, there is immunity to phylloxera, oidium, and downy mildew.

Reviews

Leonid

Dacha in Chekhov, I planted 2 Crystal bushes for wine, and a Sovereign Tiara and Alpha bush each for food. There is no slope on the site, and the well-lit place was occupied; I made a high mound of earth for each bush. At first I let the lashes go horizontally, the branches gradually entwined the arched structures, now I’m just thinning out the crown and removing dry shoots. For the first 3 years, I covered the grapes with spunbond (on arcs), and mulched the soil in the tree trunk circles with a 10 cm layer of rotted straw. With the onset of spring thaws, the grapes were partially opened, and the protection was completely removed immediately after the return frosts.

Zakhar

I live in Sergiev Posad, over 12 years of viticulture I have tried many varieties, settling on Kudrika, Victoria, Aleshenka and Alpha. I do the main pruning in the fall, and in the spring I remove branches that have not overwintered. Some varieties require normalization; this procedure cannot be ignored, otherwise the brushes will not ripen before the onset of frost. In our region, grapes cannot be left without fertilizing; frequent rains wash away nutrients from the soil into deeper layers, to which the roots of young bushes cannot reach.

A wide variety of grape varieties allows it to be grown in almost all regions of Russia, except for excessively cold areas, but even there gardeners manage to plant the crop in a greenhouse. We have selected a list of the best varieties for the middle zone; if you wish, you can look for other options in local nurseries or in catalogs, taking into account their frost resistance characteristics. If the area of ​​your plot allows, choose not one, but several options at once, follow our advice and you will annually collect good harvests of your favorite berries.

Moscow white

The universal variety was bred at the Moscow station of the Timiryazev Agricultural Academy. The qualities of the berries are suitable for raw consumption, canning, and the production of dessert wine. And the bushes themselves are an excellent way to decorate a site, a means for creating hedges, decorating arches and gazebos.

Important! When growing this variety, it is important to follow the rules for forming a bush.

The fruits have a rich amber hue and a nutmeg aroma. The plants do not require special measures for pollination, as they are bisexual. Absolutely any soil is suitable for growing. Immunity to diseases is good, with the exception of fungal infections.

The average weight of the bunches is 500 g, the weight of the berries is 3-4 g. The pulp is juicy and tender, the skin has a light green tint, which changes to yellow as the fruit ripens. The shape can be either round or oval.

Important! The frost resistance threshold is minus 30C.

"The Mystery of Sharov"

One of the frost-resistant grape varieties, which was exported to Altai and adapted to harsh winters. It ripens early and can withstand frosts down to -35°C.

“Sharov’s Riddle” refers to medium-yielding varieties. The clusters are stored for a long time, the fruits are round in shape, taste sweet, and the flesh is covered with a dense dark red skin.

The groins are quite large, each weighing from 300 to 600 g (the weight depends on the area in which the vine grows).

This is one of the early grape varieties; in the open air the fruits ripen completely in 110 days, in greenhouse conditions - a week and a half earlier.