Cabbage Etma F1: description and characteristics of the super early Dutch variety, reviews of cultivation

Vegetable growing » Cabbage

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Kira Stoletova

One of the most optimal varieties for growing is Etma Cabbage. The variety is resistant to fusarium and internal necrosis. Has good yield and long shelf life. It is a late variety, and the output has a minimal amount of waste. We will consider a more detailed description of the vegetable in the article.

Characteristics of cabbage variety Etma F1

Description and characteristics of the variety

Etma cabbage F1 is a super-early Dutch cabbage created by specialists from Rijk Zwaan. It can be grown in open ground, but the yield will be higher in greenhouses or film shelters. After planting the seedlings, 45-50 days pass before harvesting.

The leaves are light green on the outside, yellowish or white on the inside. The head of cabbage is not very dense. Not prone to cracking. Weight reaches 0.7-1.5 kg.

Harvesting can be done mechanically. The percentage of commercial heads of cabbage reaches 93% of the total quantity.

The taste is excellent. The pulp is tender, juicy, tasty, without hard veins. Cabbage is used for fresh salads and preparing vegetable dishes.

Harvest and storage

The harvest of this hybrid is harvested manually or mechanized, the yield of marketable products is 92-98%.

How and when to collect

Harvesting is carried out 45-50 days after planting the seedlings in the ground, choosing a dry day for this. The heads are cut off with a sharp knife, leaving a stalk 8-12 cm long.

Reference. After ripening, cabbage can be kept on the root for a maximum of a week.

Storage features and shelf life

The harvested crop is placed in wooden boxes and stored in a ventilated room at an air temperature of 0...+5°C and a humidity of 90-95%.

The shelf life of Etma F1 is a maximum of 3 months. You can extend it by wrapping the heads of cabbage in paper or coating them with clay.

The best varieties of early white cabbage

Cossack F1

This hybrid ripens very early. It will take only 95 days to get soft-cream-cut heads of up to 1.5 kg. The variety is very cold-resistant, and at temperatures above 25˚C plant growth slows down.

Transfer F1

It takes a little longer to ripen than the previous variety and is great for making salads. But this cabbage is especially valued for its increased resistance to cracking.

This mid-early variety is rich in vitamin C, and the weight of the head reaches 4.5 kg. Suitable for fermentation.

June

A very tasty variety, the heads of cabbage grow up to 2 kg. Advantage: cold resistance. This cabbage can withstand repeated frosts down to -5 ˚С, however, the disadvantage of this variety is that it does not like excess moisture. This may cause the head to crack.

Ethma F1

This is the earliest cabbage, which develops 45-55 days after sowing the seeds. A stable hybrid with a head of cabbage up to 1.5 kg.

The main advantages and disadvantages of a hybrid

Advantages:

early ripening;
good transportability;
resistance to diseases characteristic of the culture;
no tendency to crack;
friendly formation of heads of cabbage;
large yield of commercial products.

Etma F1 cabbage has virtually no disadvantages. The only downside is the short shelf life of the crop.

What is the difference from other varieties and hybrids

A comparison of Etma F1 with other early ripening hybrids is presented in the table.

Hybrid	Head shape	Head weight, kg	Marketable yield, c/ha
Etma	Round	1-1,5	261-426
Angelina	1,0-1,2	445-512
Zenith	1,2-1,6	380-504
Cumbria	1,1-1,3	228-356

Pests and diseases

The hybrid does not suffer from fusarium and does not suffer from internal necrosis. Among the diseases, it can be threatened by clubroot, gray and white rot, and black leg.

Clubroot is the most dangerous fungus, causing growths on the roots that kill the bush. When signs appear, diseased plants are dug up by the roots and burned, and lime is placed in the holes from under them. Healthy bushes are treated with a weak solution of formalin or colloidal sulfur.

Plantings are sprayed with “Fitosporin” against blackleg and dusted with wood ash. Prevention will help against white rot - compliance with crop rotation, preventive treatments with fungicides. Gray rot appears during storage if suitable conditions are not created for the heads of cabbage. They need cold and dry conditions.

To prevent diseases, moderate watering, disinfection of the soil before planting seeds and seedlings, and adherence to crop rotation are necessary. Cabbage cannot be grown in areas after other cruciferous crops.

Dangerous pests include cruciferous flea beetles, aphids, cabbage flies, cutworms and white moths, as well as butterfly larvae. For prevention, the soil is powdered with wood ash or naphthalene mixed with sand. When pests appear, before the heads of cabbage have formed, you can use insecticides, and when the forks have already formed, you can use folk remedies. This is a solution of laundry soap, decoctions and infusions of celandine, tomato tops, onions, and garlic.

Description and characteristics

The hybrid is suitable for cultivation in open beds. However, it produces the best yields in a greenhouse, greenhouse, under film or agrofibre.

If you follow the recommendations for planting and carrying out high-quality care, the hybrid on average produces from 7 to 10 kg per 1 m². Plants have good immunity to fusarium and internal necrosis.

Did you know? A cabbage weighing 63 kg was grown in 2012 by US resident Scott Robb. Typically, heads of cabbage, depending on the variety, can reach a maximum weight of 15 kg, and their average weight is 2.5 kg.

Description of cabbage head

The heads of this variety are compact in size, have an average weight of 0.7 to 1.5 kg, and are round in shape. They are characterized by density. The upper leaves are colored light green.

Ripening time

The hybrid ripens very early - from the emergence of seedlings or planting of seedlings to the ripening of the heads, 45–50 days pass. Maturation occurs amicably.

Taste qualities

The heads have excellent taste characteristics. They are juicy, sweet, practically devoid of bitterness.

Description of the hybrid

Etma F1 is a hybrid of white cabbage bred in the Netherlands. It is successfully grown in open beds and indoors - in greenhouses, greenhouses, under cover made of film or agrofibre.

Origin and development, history of breeding

Etma F1 is a hybrid of Dutch selection, bred by scientists from the Rijk Zwaan company.

Reference. Included in the State Register of Russia in 2002.

Chemical composition, trace elements and vitamins, beneficial properties

100 g of Etma cabbage contains 28 kcal, as well as:

vitamin PP – 0.7 mg;
vitamin K – 76 mcg;
ascorbic acid – 45 mg;
cobalt – 3 mcg;
manganese – 0.17 mg;
copper – 75 mcg;
molybdenum – 10 mcg;
calcium – 48 mg;
magnesium – 16 mg;
phosphorus – 31 mg;
chlorine and sulfur – 37 mg each.

Eating cabbage prevents the development of atherosclerosis, improves the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract, and helps in the treatment of stomach and duodenal ulcers. The vegetable is useful in the fight against insomnia, diseases of the heart, spleen and kidneys, improves appetite, and has a diuretic property.

Features of application

The hybrid is characterized by universal use. It is consumed fresh, used to prepare vegetable salads, fermented, salted and stewed. In its raw form, the vegetable is healthier than after heat treatment.

Ripening time and yield

This is an early ripening hybrid - 75-115 days pass between the emergence of seedlings and the onset of technical maturity of the heads.

With proper care and compliance with planting rules, the yield is 261-426 c/ha (for the first harvest - 128-234 c/ha).

Resistance to disease and cold

The hybrid is resistant to fusarium and internal necrosis, but it can be affected by white rot, clubroot and blackleg.

Provided the seedlings are hardened, cabbage can withstand air temperatures down to –8°C.

Characteristics, description of the appearance of leaves and heads of cabbage, taste

The hybrid forms compact, medium-density, round-shaped heads of cabbage, the average weight of which is 1-1.5 kg. The outer and inner stalks are short. The covering leaves are light green in color, covered with a weak or medium waxy coating, round, flat, slightly bubbly. When cut, the heads of cabbage are yellowish or white.

Cabbage is characterized by juiciness and sweet taste, practically devoid of bitterness.

For which regions is it best suited and what are the climate requirements?

The hybrid is included in the State Register with a recommendation for cultivation in the Central and North-Western regions. Early Etma cabbage does not have any special climate requirements, so it is successfully cultivated in all areas.

Reference. Outdoor cultivation is recommended in areas with warm climates.

Care

When growing, each plant requires certain rules to be followed. In order for early cabbage to feel great and give good results, it is necessary to provide it with optimal conditions.

Temperature

Air temperature is important for cabbage

When planting seedlings in a permanent place, you need to pay attention to the temperature of the air and soil. In the first case it should exceed 17˚С, in the second – 14˚С

Watering

Water temperature is at least 18˚C. It is better to moisten the soil in the morning or evening. After planting, the plants are watered every 3-4 days for 2 weeks. Often during this period the ground still has a lot of moisture. Therefore, you can cancel moisturizing. After this time, water is added once a week. Early cabbage especially needs abundant watering in June, when the heads set. 2-3 weeks before harvesting, moistening is stopped.

Loosening and hilling

It is necessary to loosen the soil after each watering or rain. Then a dry crust will not form. Plants will be able to get enough oxygen, which will strengthen their root system. A hoe is used for this purpose. When performing this action, weeds are also removed, which suppress the crop and create suitable conditions for the development of pathogenic bacteria.

You can control weeds with mulch. To do this, lay peat in a layer of 5 cm. It will also help retain moisture in the soil.

Additional nutrition will ensure hilling. Thanks to the earthen snowdrift, new roots are formed at the base of the plant. You can hill up 2 times per season. The first time the procedure is carried out together with the first application of fertilizers. The next one is in the phase of 9-10 true leaves.

Top dressing

To stimulate growth and increase green mass, Tiara F1 is fertilized. Nutrients are applied 2 times during the season:

10-12 days after planting the plants in a permanent place;
while tying heads of cabbage.

Both the first and second times, organic substances can be used as fertilizing. A solution of bird droppings works well for this. It is prepared in a ratio of 1:10. Mineral fertilizers are also used. After planting, use the following solution:

10-15 g ammonium nitrate;
20-25 g of superphosphate;
10-15 g potassium sulfate;
10 liters of water.

The amount of substances is indicated per 1 sq. m. Solutions are used for root feeding. When fertilizing next time, apply to the same area:

8-20 g ammonium nitrate;
30-40 g of superphosphate;
15-20 g potassium sulfate;
10 liters of water.

Many people still use complex mineral preparations. The culture is also stimulated by spraying. The following product is prepared for processing:

10-12 g calcium nitrate;
5-8 g ammonium nitrate;
10 liters of water.

How to grow seedlings?

Seedlings are grown for a month. It is planted in the ground in early spring, when the air temperature warms up to 12-15 C, at the end or mid-April. This serves as a guide for gardeners. Sowing is carried out 1.5 months earlier, in early or mid-March.

For growing cabbage in heated greenhouses, sowing time does not matter. In Moscow, sowing is carried out at the end of March. Cabbage is planted in open ground in mid-May:

It is recommended to prepare cups for seedlings or boxes with cells. It is recommended to disinfect containers with hydrogen peroxide;
the soil is made up of compost and peat. Take the same amount of each component;
Ash is added to the mixture. For 1 kg of mixture there should be 1 kg of ash. It serves as both an antiseptic and a fungicide;
before sowing, water the soil with boiling water;
Etma F1 cabbage usually sprouts vigorously. The seeds do not need to be treated with biostimulants, but they must be kept in a disinfectant solution. Prepare a 1% solution of potassium permanganate or hydrogen peroxide, a saturated solution of table salt;
the soil in the containers should be warm, 25 C. This indicator is maintained for rapid seed ripening. The seedlings are deepened by 1 cm, sprinkled with soil, and covered with film. If the containers are in a greenhouse, then the film is not used.

The soil must be loosened. There is no need for watering. A greenhouse effect is created under the film. To remove excess moisture, the film is lifted daily. If the seeds ripen in a greenhouse, then the soil is moistened once a week. Use a watering can with a fine mesh.

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After sprouts appear, the microclimate for cabbage is changed. During the day, the temperature is maintained at 15-18 C. Daylight hours are 12-15 hours. At this time, the plant develops the herbaceous part: stem and leaves.

More on the topic: What care does Galaxy F1 cabbage require?

At night the temperature is reduced to 8 o'clock and the lights are turned off. In the dark, the root system develops well. Watering is carried out once a week.

Before planting in the ground, the root spreads throughout the soil, forming a lump in the container. The bush grows up to 12-15 cm. A second pair of leaves appears on it. The soil in the containers is moistened to make it easier to get the seedlings without damaging the root system.

To avoid diseases such as cabbage clubroot, mucous or vascular bacteriosis, it is recommended to keep the roots in a solution of Siyanie-1, Immunocytophyte or in an ash solution. These drugs increase plant immunity and prevent the development of fungal diseases.

If seedlings are supposed to be grown in open ground, then they are hardened off. The containers are taken out into the garden so that the plants adapt to new conditions.

The seedlings are hardened off gradually, starting from 1 hour. If you plan to grow cabbage in a greenhouse, then the containers with seedlings are taken out of the greenhouse into the greenhouse room.

Characteristics of the variety

The late-ripening European white cabbage hybrid Etma F1 has a strong leafy structure, which makes the fruit massive. The growing season is relatively short, up to 130 days. Already on the 100th day the fetus reaches 2.5 kg in weight.

One of the criteria for good growth is high-quality fertile soil, predominantly loamy and light loamy. The soil must allow moisture to pass through well and also be sufficiently ventilated. The density of planting in the soil is 30 - 35 thousand seeds per 1 hectare.

Description of the head of cabbage

The heads of cabbage Etma F1 are light green in color. Weight varies from 3 to 4 kg. The smooth, rounded shape and dense leaf structure make it possible for pneumatic cleaning.

Cabbage fruits are rich in vitamin C, K, as well as minerals such as cobalt, manganese, copper and molybdenum.

Description of white cabbage Etma F1:

fairly long-term storage, from 7 to 12 months;
disease resistance;
head weight from 3 to 4 kg;

Since the variety is late and has a long shelf life, Etma F1 is excellent for cultivation on a large scale, with further sale.

Application of the vegetable

The uses of white cabbage Etma F1 are varied. Excellent taste qualities allow it to be used in cooking: for pickling, salting, stewing. Raw cabbage is healthier than cooked cabbage. The high content of coarse fiber makes it an excellent intestinal cleanser. Can be used in vegetable salads.

Growing Etma f1 cabbage occurs using the seedling method, and this, in turn, requires certain conditions and rules.

Lighting

This variety of cabbage requires good lighting both during the growth of seedlings and after planting in a permanent place. Excess sunlight can also have harmful effects. To adjust the amount of required lighting in the area, low-density agrofibre is used.

Temperature

You need to plant hardened seedlings

After the Etma f1 cabbage seeds have sprouted, the temperature should be 6-8°, which will give an additional boost to the sprout and it will stretch to the desired size. This is followed by an increase in temperature, up to 15-16° during the day, and up to 12-13° at night.

Before planting sprouts on the site, you need to harden them. To do this, they are taken outside for 1-2 hours for several days in a row.

Watering

Initially, the seeds are placed in well-moistened soil. Subsequent watering of seedlings should occur only as needed, when the top layer of soil looks dry. To avoid excess moisture, watering is done moderately.

Growing cabbage requires more moisture to gain mass. It is necessary to water frequently and abundantly with warm water.

The main watering should take place in the evening, when the heat subsides. If you water at lunchtime, when solar activity is at its peak, the moisture will quickly evaporate. The root of the plant will dry out and the cabbage may burn.

Top dressing

The characteristics of the cabbage harvest will improve if you fertilize the soil at the time the cabbage head forms. During the season, you need to fertilize the soil 4–5 times with nutrients. For this, liquid fertilizers, nitrophoska, and potassium chloride are used. You can also use organic matter, namely mullein infusion, wood ash and fermented weeds.

Landing

Hybrid seeds are sold already processed; they can be planted without additional soaking. Sowing is carried out 30-40 days before sending to a permanent place.

If the seeds were sold without treatment, they are hardened and pickled by first placing them in a warm one percent solution of potassium permanganate (temperature about +50) for 30 minutes, and then washing them in cold water for 2-3 minutes. Prepare nutritious soil from equal parts of peat and sand or a mixture of peat with turf and sand. You can add humus.

Seeds are sown in furrows up to a centimeter deep, keeping a distance of 3-4 cm. They are germinated in a warm place, after which they are transferred to a cool place. They dive after the development of 1-2 leaves.

10-14 days before transplanting to the site, the bushes are hardened off. Planting pattern 35 by 45 cm.

The best varieties of early white cabbage

Cossack F1

This hybrid ripens very early. It will take only 95 days to get soft-cream-cut heads of up to 1.5 kg. The variety is very cold-resistant, and at temperatures above 25˚C plant growth slows down.

Transfer F1

It takes a little longer to ripen than the previous variety and is great for making salads. But this cabbage is especially valued for its increased resistance to cracking.

June

Ethma F1

This is the earliest cabbage, which develops 45-55 days after sowing the seeds. A stable hybrid with a head of cabbage up to 1.5 kg.

Description

The head of cabbage is light green in color. Weight is from 3 to 4 kg. The smooth round shape and durable leaf structure allows you to clean the fruits using pneumatic cleaning. Cabbage fruits consist of vitamin C, K, and minerals.

Description of Etma F1 cabbage:

Possibility of long-term storage from 7 to 12 months. Resistance to pathologies. The weight of the head of cabbage is from 3 to 4 kg.
Using cabbage
The uses of cabbage vary. Its high gastronomic properties allow it to be used in cooking: for sourdough, pickling, stewing. Fresh fruit is healthier than prepared fruit. The huge composition of coarse fiber allows you to cleanse the intestines well. Can be used in vegetable salads.

Pests and diseases

The hybrid does not suffer from fusarium and does not suffer from internal necrosis. Among the diseases, it can be threatened by clubroot, gray and white rot, and black leg.

Features of growing early cauliflower

The seeds, pre-soaked for half an hour in potassium permanganate, and then washed and kept in a damp cloth in a warm place, are sown for seedlings in the second half of March in peat pots, special cassettes or any other container. It is better to prepare the soil for sowing in advance by keeping it in the oven at a temperature of 80°C to avoid infection of plants with blackleg.

When two leaves appear, the seedlings are planted in a larger container, and when 4 leaves appear, they are planted in open ground.

The hot sun is harmful for young sprouts, so they are shaded. Further care consists of spraying in hot weather, periodic watering, fertilizer (manure and ash), and pest control. The harvest is harvested as the heads ripen.

Have a good harvest!

Irrigation

First, the seeds are placed in well-watered soil. Subsequent irrigation of seedlings should be carried out only when absolutely necessary, when the top of the soil looks dry. In order not to overdo it with watering, everything should be done in moderation. Grown cabbage needs more moisture to form mass.

It is necessary to irrigate regularly and a lot with warm water. The main irrigation should be carried out in the evening, when the heat has subsided. If you irrigate during the afternoon, when the sun is especially active, the moisture will disappear faster. The root of the inflorescence will dry out, and the cabbage can spoil in a matter of days.

Description

Description of Etma F1 cabbage:

Possibility of long-term storage from 7 to 12 months. Resistance to pathologies. The weight of the head of cabbage is from 3 to 4 kg.
Using cabbage
The uses of cabbage vary. Its high gastronomic properties allow it to be used in cooking: for sourdough, pickling, stewing. Fresh fruit is healthier than prepared fruit. The huge composition of coarse fiber allows you to cleanse the intestines well. Can be used in vegetable salads.

Pests and diseases

The hybrid does not suffer from fusarium and does not suffer from internal necrosis. Among the diseases, it can be threatened by clubroot, gray and white rot, and black leg.

Characteristics of the variety

Description of the head of cabbage

The heads of cabbage Etma F1 are light green in color. Weight varies from 3 to 4 kg. The smooth, rounded shape and dense leaf structure make it possible for pneumatic cleaning.

Cabbage fruits are rich in vitamin C, K, as well as minerals such as cobalt, manganese, copper and molybdenum.

Description of white cabbage Etma F1:

fairly long-term storage, from 7 to 12 months;
disease resistance;
head weight from 3 to 4 kg;

Application of the vegetable

Growing Etma f1 cabbage occurs using the seedling method, and this, in turn, requires certain conditions and rules.

Lighting

Temperature

You need to plant hardened seedlings

Before planting sprouts on the site, you need to harden them. To do this, they are taken outside for 1-2 hours for several days in a row.

Watering

Top dressing

Growing and care

Lighting

Cabbage needs good lighting and sunny areas. In hot weather, plants are protected from sunburn with agrofibre.

Temperature

After germination, the seedlings are kept at a temperature of about +10 for 3-5 days. In warm weather, the sprouts will stretch out and be weak. Then the optimal regime is +12-13 at night and +14-17 during the day.

Watering

After planting, young cabbage is watered in small portions as needed. Use water at room temperature. Apply it at the root in the evenings or early in the morning. Then they loosen the soil.

As they grow, the amount of water increases. During the formation of heads of cabbage, abundant watering is needed.

Top dressing

2-3 fertilizing per season is enough, but if necessary, fertilize with weak solutions up to 5 times.

Before heads form, young bushes require nitrogen. You need to add a solution of mullein, chicken droppings, and urea. During and after formation, the fork is fed with mineral fertilizers - potassium sulfate, superphosphate and other products with potassium and phosphorus.

Description and characteristics of the variety

The leaves are light green on the outside, yellowish or white on the inside. The head of cabbage is not very dense. Not prone to cracking. Weight reaches 0.7-1.5 kg.

Harvesting can be done mechanically. The percentage of commercial heads of cabbage reaches 93% of the total quantity.

The taste is excellent. The pulp is tender, juicy, tasty, without hard veins. Cabbage is used for fresh salads and preparing vegetable dishes.

How to plant?

Holes 10 cm deep are made in the prepared soil. They are always guided by the height of the bush. Only leaves should remain on the soil surface. It is recommended to sprinkle the hole with ash and throw in 5 g of urea. When planting, always maintain planting density.

To protect early seedlings from external influences, wind, birds, insects, and viral diseases, it is recommended to cover them with lutrasil. Agrotextiles are used both for plants in a greenhouse and for seedlings in open ground.

The material allows moisture and light to pass through well, so it is often chosen for adult plants. Watering is carried out without removing the material. The use of agrotextiles is relevant when growing cabbage in the northern regions, if frosts may occur during the period of planting seedlings.

Igor Nikolaev

auto RU

If drip irrigation is established on the site, then the surface of the bed can be covered with black film. It prevents the growth of weeds and maintains soil moisture. Holes are made in the film at the level of the bed. Seedlings are planted in them.

Characteristics of the variety

Description of the head of cabbage

The heads of cabbage Etma F1 are light green in color. Weight varies from 3 to 4 kg. The smooth, rounded shape and dense leaf structure make it possible for pneumatic cleaning.

Cabbage fruits are rich in vitamin C, K, as well as minerals such as cobalt, manganese, copper and molybdenum.

Description of white cabbage Etma F1:

fairly long-term storage, from 7 to 12 months;
disease resistance;
head weight from 3 to 4 kg;

Application of the vegetable

Growing Etma f1 cabbage occurs using the seedling method, and this, in turn, requires certain conditions and rules.

Lighting

Temperature

You need to plant hardened seedlings

Before planting sprouts on the site, you need to harden them. To do this, they are taken outside for 1-2 hours for several days in a row.

Watering

Top dressing

Detailed description of the qualities of the Krautman F1 hybrid

16:17, 26 November 14 2 15826

A popular, high-yielding hybrid of white cabbage with excellent taste and appearance, loved by many gardeners and farmers - all this is Krautman F1 cabbage. Its description is based only on a list of advantages, since this cabbage has practically no disadvantages.

The hybrid is included in the State Register for many regions of Russia, Ukraine and Moldova. It is grown even in the Far East and East Siberian regions. It is the best in all indicators in the mid-late group of cabbage of Dutch selection.

When growing Krautman F1 you can always count on a full harvest. You just need to follow the basic norms and rules of crop care. You can get vegetable products already 120-140 days after the first shoots.

Description

The leaf rosette of Krautman F1 cabbage is raised and compact. The leaves are medium in size. They have a rich waxy coating and green color. There is wrinkling on the leaves. The edges are smooth and even.

A ripe head of cabbage has a round shape. It is dense, with a thin internal structure, semi-closed. The weight of individual specimens can be from 1.5 to 4 kg. When cut, the head of cabbage is snow-white. The outer and inner stalks are the same length, medium size. The forks are level and resistant to cracking.

High-yielding hybrid Aggressor F1

The white cabbage hybrid Aggressor is a mid-late crop. It stores well and gives an excellent harvest. Read more…

The purpose of cabbage is to use it fresh, canning, pickling and pickling.

You can store collected vegetables for up to 4 months. During this time, they do not lose their taste and presentation.

Secrets of cultivation

When growing Krautman F1 cabbage, the seedling method is used. Sowing seeds for seedlings can be done in early April. They should be deepened into the ground by 0.5-1 cm. Shoots may appear as early as 5-6 days. The plant needs to be planted in open ground at the end of May, usually on the 40-45th day.

By this time, the seedlings have several true leaves. The best scheme for growing cabbage is 50×50. Before transferring seedlings to a permanent place, it is necessary to carry out hardening procedures. Leave plants outside during the day. The seedlings also need to be fed.

The variety produces a good harvest on loamy, fertile soils. Cabbage cannot be cultivated in the same areas for another 3 years. The best predecessors are legumes and pumpkins.

This hybrid of Dutch selection appeared in the Russian Federation not long ago. But during this time, many farm owners and amateur summer residents have already fallen in love with it. Therefore, reviews of the Krautman hybrid can only be found laudatory.

Antonina Arkadievna, Tobolsk

I have been growing Krautman for several years in a row. I don’t know of a more problem-free cabbage. Grows well. The heads of cabbage are pouring to perfection. All are plump and even. It’s nice to look at them both in the garden and in the basement.

Cabbage stores wonderfully. I'm cleaning it up in October. I make a little sauerkraut every month. Very tasty in fresh salads. All in all. I have already recommended Krautman to all my friends, and I know that they are only thanking me for the advice.

Heinrich, Tolyatti

But if you consider that I grow only for my family, and give a little to my children, then the size of the heads of cabbage doesn’t really bother me. The main thing is that it grows and forms dense forks, and the rest is nonsense.

But you don’t have to poison cabbage every 2 weeks from various misfortunes.

Angelina Pavlovna, Cherkassy

Not bad Krautman cabbage. But I like Aggressor better. It lasts longer, and they grow almost the same. But in second place for me personally is Krautman.

Summary table of hybrid characteristics

Variety or hybrid	hybrid
Ripening time	mid-season
Kochan	round, dense
Kocheryzhka	short
Disease resistance	high resistance to diseases and pests
Fruit weight, g	1500-4000
Growing areas	the entire territory of the Russian Federation, as well as Ukraine, Kazakhstan and many other countries
Disembarkation scheme	50cm x 50cm
From germination to ripeness	120-140 days
Seed placement depth	0.5-1.0 cm
Seedling age	40-45 days
Soil temperature for planting seeds/seedlings	+4/+12
Advantages	Uniformity, uniform yield, resistance to cracking, good transportability, excellent commercial qualities, not afraid of thickening
Flaws	needs feeding, is light-loving and moisture-loving

Growing

Plant productivity depends on the quality of care

The quality and yield level of the variety depends on compliance with growing rules at all stages of the growing season.

Sowing seeds

White cabbage is grown in seedlings. Cabbage seeds undergo pre-sowing treatment in production, so they do not require additional manipulations before sowing. Adapter seed germination rate is 85-90% for 3-4 years. According to the description, Adapter cabbage is mid-season, so it is sown for seedlings after April 10.

Soil preparation

It is important to carefully prepare the soil for growing seedlings. A universal soil mixture for vegetables or a nutritious one prepared with your own hands is suitable.

The following compositions are suitable:

turf soil, compost, peat in a ratio of 1:1:1 and 0.5 kg of river sand per 10 kg of mixture;
lowland peat - 4 kg, turf soil - 5 kg, sand - 0.5 kg, agroperlite - 0.5 l.

Purchased or prepared soil must be disinfected. The soil is watered with boiling water or a 0.1% solution of potassium permanganate (potassium permanganate).

Seeds are sown to a depth of 1-1.5 cm in slightly moistened soil. Cover the container with cling film and place it in a bright place at a temperature of 16-20°C. Shoots appear in 3-7 days. After germination, it is advisable to lower the air temperature to 12-16°C, this helps to avoid stretching of seedlings. The seedlings are watered every 2 days in small portions, avoiding waterlogging of the soil.

Picking

10 days after emergence, the seedlings are planted. During the picking process, weak plants are discarded. Each plant is transplanted into a separate cup (plastic, peat). Do this as carefully as possible so as not to damage the roots. The seedlings are buried to the level of the cotyledon leaves. After picking, the seedlings are protected from direct sunlight. Watering is carried out no earlier than after 2 days.

Landing in the ground

Grown seedlings are planted in open ground at the age of 30-40 days. For planting, prepare holes in rows according to a 50 x 40 cm pattern. Place a mixture with 2 tbsp in the holes. l. ash, a handful of onion peels and peat. The seedlings are planted in the afternoon: watered with water and then placed in the holes along with a lump of earth. The first week after planting, cabbage stops growing, but after complete rooting it begins to develop intensively.

Hilling

Don't forget to hill the cabbage

The care technique stimulates the formation of additional roots and prevents collapse during the formation of large heads. Hilling up prevents the soil from drying out excessively.

Hilling is carried out twice: a week after planting the seedlings and 3 weeks after the first.
The day before the procedure, weeds are pulled out and watered.
Using a hoe, they pull the soil to the trunk to form a hill.
Hilling is carried out in the evening.
The height of the tree trunk should not be higher than 25 cm.

Top dressing

Cabbage variety Adaptor f1 grows well on fertile soils and can grow with a slight nitrogen deficiency. To ensure a high quality harvest, fertilize twice:

10-14 days after planting in open ground. Fertilize with fertilizers rich in nitrogen (urea, ammonium nitrate, cow manure).
At the beginning of head formation. Cabbage is fed with organic or mineral fertilizers of phosphorus-potassium composition (bone meal, herbal infusion, ash infusion, superphosphate).

Watering

Regular watering is important for the development of white cabbage. The frequency of watering depends on weather conditions:

in hot dry weather - 1-2 times a day;
at moderate air temperatures (18-22°C) - once every 2 days;
at temperatures below 18°C and no rain - once a week;
During the rainy season, watering is stopped.

Plants are watered in the evening in furrows in rows or by sprinkling. In industrial cultivation, drip irrigation systems are used. Cabbage is watered throughout the growing season, but it is stopped a month before harvest to prevent the heads from cracking.

Features of growing the variety

This cabbage can be grown in seedlings and without seedlings . The first method is preferable because it allows you to protect young plants from return frosts and achieve a good percentage of seed germination.

Seedlings are planted at home and then moved to a permanent place of growth in open or closed ground.

To plant seedlings, you need to purchase seeds, prepare soil and containers - directly for planting and for picking.

Preparing seeds for planting

Since Etma cabbage is a hybrid, it needs to be grown only from seeds purchased in a specialized store. For packaged seed, no additional processing is required - the manufacturer took care of the dressing and culling. If the package does not indicate that you do not need to soak the seeds, then for better germination you can first place them in warm water, heated to +40...+50°C, for 15–20 minutes, and then dip them in cold water for a couple of minutes. Only completely dried seeds should be sown.

Growing seedlings

You can also buy soil for growing seedlings in a specialized store or mix it yourself. Here are several suitable soil substrate options for growing cabbage seedlings:

peat + sand (50/50%);
peat + turf + sand (75/20/5%);
humus + turf + sand (45/50/5%).

Sowing is carried out 55–65 days before the planned planting of sprouts in a permanent place, adhering to the following instructions:

Place a layer of soil substrate 3-4 cm high in the growing container.
Pour it with Alerin-B and Gamair (2 tablets per bucket of water).
After 1–3 days, make furrows 1 cm deep in the soil at a distance of 3 cm from each other.
Pour seed into the furrows at a distance of 1–1.5 cm from each other.
Sprinkle the seeds with a layer of soil 1.5–2 cm high.
Place the container in a room where the temperature is maintained at +18…+20°C.
After the sprouts appear, lower it to +7...+9°C.

Approximately 1–1.5 weeks after the shoots appear, you need to pick.
For picking, you need to prepare pots with a diameter of 6–8 cm and soil with the same composition as when planting. You need to add double superphosphate (1 tbsp per 1 bucket of mixture) and wood ash (2 tbsp) into it. River sand should be poured on top of the soil layer - this is necessary to prevent the development of blackleg.

Important! Seedlings can be grown without picking. In this case, 1-2 seeds are sown immediately in separate pots with soil substrate.

Picked plants should be placed at a temperature of +17…+18°C. After a couple of days, conditions become cooler: during the day - up to +13...+14°C, at night - up to +10...+12°C. When the plants have 2 leaves, they are fed with complex mineral fertilizer. During the same period, fertilizers are applied a second time. Use urea (1 tbsp) and potassium sulfate (1 tbsp) dissolved in a bucket of water.

2-2.5 weeks before the expected date of moving the seedlings into open ground, they begin to harden them - they are taken out into fresh air every day, starting from 15-20 minutes and gradually increasing the duration of stay.

Preparing the site and soil

Successful cultivation of cabbage in open ground is possible only if you select a good site and follow the rules of crop rotation. This garden plant will grow well and bear fruit only in a well-lit area, sheltered from the northern winds.

It is better to plant it in beds where carrots, potatoes, cucumbers, onions, beans, grains, and garlic previously grew. You should not place it after cruciferous crops, tomatoes, radishes, turnips, and beets.

The best cabbage yields are obtained when planted in loamy soils with neutral acidity.

Preparatory work on the site must begin in the fall. It needs to be cleared of plant debris, dug deep and fertilized with humus, manure or compost.

In the spring, a few weeks before planting seedlings, a mixture of urea (1 tbsp), superphosphate (1 tbsp) and wood ash (1 cup) is added to the beds.

Important! According to the rules of crop rotation, cabbage cannot be cultivated in one plot for longer than 2 years in a row. Otherwise, the plant’s productivity decreases and the risk of developing diseases and attacks by harmful insects increases.

Transplanting seedlings into the ground

It is necessary to plant seedlings in the ground when they are 55–65 days old. At the time of transplantation, it should look strong, be at least 15 cm high, have a developed root system and 6-8 leaves. The sprouts are moved into the ground from late spring to mid-June using the transshipment method . This means that after removal from the pots, the root system is not cleared of soil, but is replanted together with a lump of earth.

The holes should be slightly wider and deeper than the earthen ball. The recommended planting pattern with drip irrigation is 50x30 cm, without watering - 45x35 cm (rows x holes). Planting depth - up to the bottom leaf.

To transplant seedlings, choose a cloudy day. After moving the seedlings into the ground, they are covered with agrofibre.

Early cabbage: the best varieties and growing characteristics

In this article we will talk about popular early ripening varieties of white cabbage and cauliflower, as well as the rules of agricultural technology for these crops.

After cold winter days, I especially want fresh herbs, vegetables and fruits, not store-bought, but grown in my own garden. And in order not to waste time, on winter evenings you should think about what plants to plant in order to get the harvest early. In this material we will focus on early varieties of cabbage.

All early varieties have a number of common properties. The plants ripen quickly, are resistant to cold and cracking, but are not stored for a long time, and produce small-sized heads of cabbage. And although you won’t be able to get a rich harvest, you will be provided with the first cabbage.