Selecting pepper varieties for open and closed ground for planting in the northwest in 2022

Features of the climate of the region

In the NWR, it is difficult to grow heat-loving crops with a long growing season, since the summer is not as long as in the south of Russia. However, pepper varieties have been developed that are adapted to the climatic conditions of the northwestern region. They can be grown in open ground or in a greenhouse, even unheated. Such varieties tolerate and grow well in the NWR climate, which is characterized by:

• late spring and cool summer (average daily temperature +15...+17˚C);
• weather instability - alternation of rainy and sunny days;
• The approximate duration of the warm season is 90 days.

Attention! Autumn comes early, so all varieties of pepper are grown only by seedlings, so that in the last ten days of May or the first of June the grown plants can be planted in a permanent place.

Agricultural technology of pepper in the Leningrad region

Growing in the region according to agricultural technology does not differ from planting methods in the southern regions. The differences are in the time and place of planting.

Seeds can be harvested from your own plants, and then the peppers will be perfectly adapted to grow in the local climate. Hybrid seeds, which bear the largest and juiciest fruits, can, of course, only be purchased in specialized stores. Seeds extracted from store-bought peppers will sprout well. In this regard, pepper is unpretentious.

Pepper does not produce fruit at a certain period of its development, but continuously, until the moment when frost destroys it. This is due to the fact that pepper is a perennial plant.

Therefore, it is advisable to obtain a fruit-bearing plant as early as possible. Early varieties begin to set buds after 45–50 days, medium varieties - after 60 days, late varieties - after 90 days. Thus, in the North-West of Russia it is necessary to start planting pepper seedlings in the second half of February.

The main problem at this time is the lack of lighting. It is necessary to use artificial lighting; seedlings require 12 hours of light. Plants may become stretched when there is not enough light. This defect can be corrected when picking by planting the plant at the depth of the cotyledon leaves.

Planting begins with seed treatment: dressing in a solution of potassium permanganate, soaking in a solution of microelements, washing and drying. The seeds are sown in February-March and by the beginning of June the peppers are ready for planting in the beds.

Only 60–70% of the seeds germinate, so more are sown. They are slow to germinate and hatch 2–3 weeks after planting. It is better to keep seedlings under film rather than under glass, as it allows ultraviolet rays to pass through. To speed up germination, you can use growth stimulants - Epin or Zircon, in which the seeds are soaked according to the instructions.

The soil is purchased or prepared in advance in the fall. To do this, mix two parts of turf soil, part sand and part peat, add a tablespoon of superphosphate or a glass of ash to a bucket of soil.

Peppers do not like transplanting; their roots do not recover well. Therefore, seedlings should be planted immediately in individual paper cups, peat tablets or cells in cassettes.

Pepper grows throughout the season at a temperature of at least +20 °C. If the temperature drops to +10 °C, the pepper will not be able to recover until the end of the growing season.

A week before planting in the garden, the seedlings are hardened off by opening the windows slightly and letting in cold air. Hardening begins from 1–2 hours and continues until the whole day.

Recommendations for choosing a variety

Peppers for the northwest for open and closed ground are bred varieties that have a short growing season. The varieties are adapted to the climate of the NWR, they are little susceptible to diseases characteristic of this crop and at the same time they can withstand unfavorable weather conditions. A gardener, when choosing a variety of hot or sweet pepper, needs to take into account the following factors:

1. Duration of the vegetative period - you should not take varieties for cultivation that ripen for longer than 130 days.
2. Growing conditions - for open ground, polycarbonate greenhouse or other structure. When the crop is planted in closed soil, you can take varieties that are more demanding in terms of care.
3. Productivity of a pepper variety - if a crop is grown for sale, then take the type that bears fruit abundantly.
4. Bush height - tall varieties are not suitable for open ground plant protection.

Varieties and hybrids of hot peppers with good pungency

Varieties suitable for north-west Russia

There is a list of the best types of pepper that grow well and produce stable yields in the climate of the NWR. Some of these varieties are intended strictly for greenhouse cultivation, but some of them can be planted in unprotected soil. However, even varieties that can be grown in the garden sometimes need to be covered at night due to possible cold snaps.

It is recommended to choose for the north-west of Russia only early-ripening varieties of heat-loving vegetable crops, which have already been adapted by breeders to the climate of this region. Nevertheless, among these zoned varieties, the vast majority of them are high-yielding, but at the same time their bushes are compact, up to 60 cm, and do not require staking.

On a note! There are adapted varieties of both sweet and hot peppers.

The best varieties of peppers for greenhouses

Choosing the best varieties of pepper is quite difficult. Every gardener has his own “favorites”. For more information on how to choose the best varieties of peppers for greenhouses, see the article “Varieties of sweet peppers for greenhouses.”

We suggest focusing on those varieties that produce decent yields, beautiful, tasty fruits and ripen in a short time.

We recommend the best pepper varieties for greenhouses:

1. Agapovsky (1995),
2. Atlant (2007),
3. Bogatyr (1996)
4. Chocolate Star of the East (2006),
5. Mastodon

Agapovsky

The variety can be called the best for 3 reasons:

1. the weight of the fruit reaches 120 g and on nutritious soil it can be even more,
2. from germination to ripeness it can take only 98 days,
3. This is a very compact plant.

The fruits are quite large for such a baby, have a bizarre prism shape and a smooth surface with barely visible ribs.

• Fully ripe peppers are scarlet in color.
• The number of nests varies from 3 to 4.
• The fruits are drooping with a wall thickness of up to 0.7 cm.

The taste is pretty good. The aroma is strong and pleasant.

ADVICE

Photo: effective glue trap “Mashenka” from insect pests in a greenhouse

Mastodon

Harvest sweet pepper Mastodon, combining early ripeness with large juicy heavy fruits! Designed for cultivation in unheated and heated greenhouses.

The fruits are large, cuboidal, 3-chambered, weighing 200-270 g, measuring 12-13x9-11 cm, with a pericarp thickness of 6-7 mm, dark green in technical ripeness, red in biological ripeness.

• From germination to technical ripeness 105-125 days, to biological ripeness - 140 days.
• The bush is medium-sized, sparse, 140-180 cm high in unheated greenhouses.
• Planting density 3 plants/m².

It stands out for its stable harvest and high taste. Resistant to tobacco mosaic virus.

Order seeds directly

Photo: productive large-fruited Mastodon variety for the greenhouse

Atlant

The variety has enough advantages to become the best.

• Fruit weight is about 190 g. The taste is excellent. The variety produces more than 3.5 kg of fruit per 1 m².
• The fruits themselves are drooping, cone-shaped and highly glossy. At biological ripeness, the fruits become bright scarlet.
• There can be from 3 to 4 nests. The wall thickness is 5.3 mm.

Peppers are good for consumption both fresh and for preparing any dishes, including hearty, tasty preparations for the winter.

Star of the East Chocolate

The name itself seems to speak for itself. The pepper is tasty, juicy, unusual in color - a real star.

• The weight of mature dark brown peppers can reach 355 g.
• From every 1 m² you can collect more than 10 kg of fruit.
• All fruits are drooping, cylindrical in shape, with 2 or 3 nests.
• Wall thickness approx. 1 cm makes the pepper taste excellent. At the same time, the aroma is practically not felt.

The fruits are good for stuffing, pickling, in salads, stews, lecho and other dishes. For example, you can try recipes for preparing peppers for the winter.

Varieties for greenhouse cultivation

Varieties intended for planting in closed ground in the conditions of the northwestern region are peppers, the yield of which is higher in comparison with those bred for open soil. Such varieties of vegetable crops can be tall, but their fruits are larger in weight and size. Most of these plants bear thick-walled fruits.

Chrysolite F1

The growing season of the hybrid is 110 days. The culture is classified as early ripening. The bushes are tall, but not very leafy, the shoots are spreading and require staking. The fruits are large - about 160 g, the ribbing is weak. There are 3 or 5 chambers inside the pepper. The thickness of the pulp is 5 mm, it is juicy. After reaching biological maturity, the skin of the fruit acquires a rich red hue.

Agapovsky

An early-ripening variety, the growing season is approximately 100 days from the moment of emergence. The bushes are medium-sized, densely leafy, with a compact crown. The fruits are large - about 120 g, shaped like a prism, slightly ribbed. There are 4 seed chambers inside. The thickness of the fleshy and juicy pulp is 7 mm, the skin, after the fruit reaches biological maturity, is rich red. Productivity up to 10 kg per 1 m².

Ruza F1

The fruits ripen after 90 days from the moment of emergence. The bushes are tall, medium leafy. The peppers are cone-shaped, slightly ribbed, reach a weight of 100 g. The walls of the fruit are 5 mm thick, the skin is red after full ripening, the flesh is juicy. If you follow the agricultural technology of growing in a greenhouse, the yield of the variety reaches 22 kg per 1 m².

Bullfinch F1

A hybrid whose growing season is 105 days, and the fruits reach biological maturity in 120 days. The bushes are tall - up to 1.6-2.1 m, but compact, with medium foliage. Fruits weighing 120 g, prismatic in shape with a rounded upper part, slightly ribbed. The wall thickness of the pepper reaches 6 mm, the seed chambers are 2-3. The skin is deep red.

Mazurka F1

A mid-early hybrid with a growing season of 110 days. Vegetables reach biological ripeness in 125 days. The bushes are of medium height, the shoots are not spreading. The shape of the fruit is cubic, there are 3 seed chambers inside. Peppers, at the stage of biological maturity, reach a weight of 175 g. The skin of the fruit is smooth, the flesh is fleshy, the thickness of the pepper walls is 6 mm.

Attention! Mazurka F1 is grown only in greenhouse conditions; in open soil the plant does not have time to produce a harvest.

Pinocchio F1

An early-ripening hybrid, the fruits of which reach technical maturity within 90 days from the moment of emergence; biological maturity occurs after another 10-15 days. The bushes grow up to 1 m, the side shoots are short. The fruits are about 110 g, cone-shaped, slightly ribbed, after ripening the skin turns red. The pulp is juicy, wall thickness is 5 mm. Productivity – 13 kg per 1 m² of planting.

Spring

The variety gives an early harvest - after 90 days from the moment the seedlings appear. The bushes are tall, weakly branched. The fruits are cone-shaped, slightly ribbed. Upon reaching technical ripeness, the skin turns red. The pulp is juicy, with a pronounced aroma, wall thickness up to 6 mm. The maximum fruit weight is 100 g, the yield reaches 11 kg per 1 m² of planting.

Fiery F1

An early mature hybrid, the fruit reaches technical ripeness in 105 days. The bushes are tall - up to 1.4-1.8 m, weakly leafy. The fruits, weighing about 100 g, are prismatic, with slight ribbing. After the peppers reach biological maturity, the skin turns red. Inside the fruit there are 2-3 seed chambers. The pulp is juicy and aromatic, the wall thickness is 6 mm.

Red fat man

A variety of hot pepper that is grown only in a heated greenhouse; the fruits can be harvested after 130-140 days. The bushes are medium-sized, 50-60 cm high, well branched. Fruits weighing 40-60 g are cone-shaped, the skin is intense red, the wall thickness is 4 mm. The aroma is pronounced, the flesh is juicy, spicy with bitterness. Productivity up to 3 kg per 1 m² of planting.

Shakira F1

Hybrid hot pepper. The variety is classified as early ripening; the growing season is 100 days from the moment of emergence. The bushes are medium leafy, not spreading. When technical maturity is reached, the skin of the fruit is rich green, at the biological stage it is intense red. The characteristics of peppers of the Shakira F1 variety are as follows:

• narrow conical shape;
• length 16-18 cm, diameter - about 3 cm;
• average weight 45-50 g;
• seed chambers 2 pieces;
• wall thickness 4-5 mm;
• The yield from 1 m² of planting reaches 3.4 kg.

Attention! The spiciness and taste of Shakira F1 pepper correspond to Chile, but the aroma is weakly expressed.

Growing sweet peppers

The guarantee of obtaining a good harvest from growing several vegetable crops in one greenhouse is, first of all, the compatibility of the plants. As for cucumbers and peppers, everything is not so simple.

• humidity (frequent watering and spraying).

At the same time, cucumbers absolutely do not need additional and frequent ventilation of the greenhouse.

• moderate temperature indicators;

From all of the above, we can say that growing peppers and cucumbers in the same greenhouse is not the best solution.

It would seem that the relationship of both peppers and tomatoes with one type of nightshade eliminates all doubts and requires an unequivocal positive answer. But not everything is simple and unambiguous - to achieve a bountiful harvest, a number of important conditions must be met:

• If sowing tomato and pepper seedlings in a greenhouse should be done at one time, the sowing time depends on the variety, and this time may not coincide.
• The main rule that should guide vegetable growers when planting peppers and tomatoes together on the same bed is an individual approach to each plant. Different cultures do not take the same approach.

Do you think it is possible to plant peppers next to tomatoes?

Not really

Sweet peppers are a self-pollinating crop, but sometimes they are cross-pollinated by insects. Plantings of bell peppers should be located away from beds with hot peppers, since their mutual cross-pollination can occur, which leads to the appearance of a bitter taste in the fruits.

Sweet peppers differ from other crops in having a rather long growing season. The best varieties of sweet peppers (according to reviews from summer residents) are early-ripening varieties, in which technical ripeness in closed ground occurs approximately 100 days after germination.

That is why this crop, both in mid-latitudes and in the south, is grown through seedlings. In this case, the seeds of early thick-walled sweet pepper are sown in boxes with fertile soil substrate in early February.

Sweet pepper is a rather demanding and heat-loving crop. Its seeds germinate fastest at a temperature of 25–27 °C. These plants develop best at 20–23 °C. It is noteworthy that when the ambient temperature drops to 13 °C, seedlings of sweet peppers and even adult plants stop growing.

When the first leaves appear, seedlings are planted according to a 6x6 or 7x7 cm pattern in boxes or 1 plant in peat pots or plastic cups. Before planting in open ground, pepper seedlings are hardened off for 7-10 days.

It is best to plant plants with 7-9 formed leaves in a permanent place. Seedlings are planted in open ground only when the threat of spring frosts has passed, since they die already at 0 °C.

The beds for sweet peppers are fertilized in the fall. To do this, add 4-5 kg ​​of rotted humus or vegetable compost per 1 sq.m. to the soil. plot or greenhouse. 20-30 g of complex mineral fertilizers per 1 sq.m. are added to the soil. Such soil fertilization can be carried out several days before planting seedlings in the spring.

To obtain the highest possible yield, timely care of plants and the creation of the most favorable conditions are required. Sweet peppers are planted in well-lit areas, protected from the wind.

With a lack of light, plants stretch and shed flowers and ovaries. The soil for this type of pepper should be fertile, light and neutral in acidity. It must be constantly moisturized.

Sweet peppers are sensitive to excess nitrogen. At the same time, plants quickly develop green mass, but at the same time the number of flowers and ovaries decreases.

At the beginning of August, the tops of the stems are pinched and all buds and flowers that will not have time to ripen before autumn are removed. After 10–15 days, the operation is repeated. During the growing season, tall peppers are tied to stakes or trellises 2-3 times.

To feed sweet peppers, use diluted bird droppings or a mixture of mullein and superphosphate. You can also fertilize with phosphorus-potassium fertilizers.

During the growing season, it is necessary to regularly remove weeds and loosen the soil. Sweet pepper fruits can be collected unripe (at the stage of technical ripeness). In the phase of biological ripeness, they contain more sugar, but if you wait until the fruits on the bush are fully ripened, the overall yield will be much lower.

Tags: Leningrad, region, pepper, variety, greenhouse

About the author: admin4ik

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Varieties for growing in open soil

Pepper varieties that can grow outside of a greenhouse in the climate of the northwestern region are plants whose yields are average, but at the same time they are able to withstand difficult weather conditions. All varieties for open ground are classified as early ripening and their growing season does not exceed 130 days, most often it is only 100-110 days.

Tenderness

A mid-early variety, the fruits reach technical maturity in 115 days from the moment of emergence. The bushes reach 1 m, the shoots need to be tied up. The fruits are pyramid-shaped (with a truncated apex), the weight of which at the stage of biological maturity is approximately 100 g. The wall thickness is 8 mm, the skin is deep red. The yield of the variety reaches 7 kg per 1 m² of planting.

Gift from Moldova

A mid-early variety with a growing season of 120 days. The bushes are low-growing, reaching 45 cm, the crown is not spreading, compact. The fruits weigh on average 70 g, are cone-shaped, their wall thickness is 5 mm. The smooth skin, after the pepper reaches biological ripeness, acquires a rich red hue. From 1 m of planting it is possible to remove up to 4.7 kg of fruit.

Can you tell me the varieties of peppers for beginners?

SemiSvetik

If you are a beginner, do not buy overseas miracle varieties - they require special agricultural technology, a large amount of fertilizers and a certain humidity. Ask sellers for seeds of local released varieties. They are suitable for local soil and are accustomed to the surrounding climate.

black, white) red is already for advanced))

Well, what advice should I give? They distribute their own in each region. you'd better find it on the internet. according to the period of fruiting, according to the form, according to the yield, which will suit your climate. or greenhouse

which? decorative or. . For example, I only grow small peppers and use some for preservation. That is, I get 2 in one. Both for beauty (I plant it along the garden path) and for food

Tatyana Pavlova

I plant the orange variety Marina, and recently they wrote about the good variety Tamara. There is such a variety in the seed store that it makes your eyes wide open; there are even purple varieties (then they turn red). So, for starters, buy 2-3 zoned varieties, choose the one you like in the summer and collect your seeds. Some do some varieties well, others do others. , choose yours.

And you start with old early ripening varieties: Gift of Moldova, Oriole, Lastochka, Venti, Winnie the Pooh. From semi-sharp ram horn, elephant trunk. Something like this, off the top of my head.

Tamara Sugorovskaya

I live in the Leningrad region. A very good variety of pepper “Zorka” - it comes out well, grows quickly, ripens: red, large. I plant seedlings at the end of January, at the beginning of May, in a greenhouse under double film. I already eat my peppers in June.

Elena Orlova

Oriole is a good super-early and productive variety, orange, if you need thick-walled, cube-shaped ones. then from the red ones this is the purple bell, Agapovsky, Californian miracle, ruby. hero, but there are few of him. in general, the larger the pepper, the less of it there is on the bush, of the yellow ones there is yellow bell, golden jubilee, yellow Californian miracle, big mom and big dad are large large-fruited varieties, one is orange. the other is purple, if you want the kind they sell bell peppers in the fall, then these are gift from moldova, health. Belozerka martin. In general, take the early ones, if the summer is not very early, they will definitely ripen, and I, for example, love Agapovsky, it is thick-walled and plentiful, the python also grows interestingly, Gavrisha grows in the shape of the fruit like a spicy one. but sweet and plentiful,

Last year I planted seeds directly from fresh fruits that I bought in the store. The best peppers were large and plentiful. True, I grew it in a greenhouse. This year I will also try tomatoes.

I don’t agree with SemiSvetik.
Hybrids are not so demanding, and the harvest (as with all hybrid plants) is guaranteed. Choose early. It doesn’t matter whether you are a beginner or not - the main thing is good germinating seeds, care, watering, and fertilizing. And so that the weather doesn’t let us down. Good luck. Tagged : Leningrad / pepper / variety / wall thickness

Reviews

Alla: “The whole family really loves fresh salads. After winter, I really want to get enough of vitamins. Where else, if not in sweet peppers, can you collect so many useful things? Over a long period of maintaining our garden, we have identified our favorite early-ripening varieties: “Swallow”, “California Golden Miracle”

Julia: “My husband and son are big fans of pickles. Well, for whom else will you try, if not for your loved ones. I really like small varieties of peppers for canning and pickling them whole. For this type of canning, I use the mid-ripening variety "Isabella" and the early-ripening variety "Apricot favorite"

Andrey: “I have been working in the fruit and vegetable trade for more than 15 years. During this period, I identified my qualities in products that contribute to sales. The main thing is the duration of storage. The varieties of sweet pepper “Agapovsky” and “California Miracle” differ from others precisely in this quality. Due to the thick walls, they are perfectly stored and do not deteriorate.”

The best hybrids

Hybrid peppers combine the best qualities and demonstrate their productivity and quality even in difficult climatic conditions.

And many of them are suitable for cultivation in risky farming areas. The only disadvantage of hybrids is that from the seeds of the grown crop it is rarely possible to obtain peppers with the same characteristics as those of the first generation.

Pinocchio f1

A super early hybrid of sweet peppers that begins to ripen 95 days after sowing the seeds. For 1 sq. m. you can plant 5-7 plants.

The fruits on the bush grow elongated, drooping, with average weight, but 12-17 peppers are produced on one plant.

Characteristics of the bush

• bush of semi-determinate type with limited growth of lateral branches;
• grows 70-90 cm in height, spreading with medium foliage.

Fruit characteristics

• conically elongated shape;
• wall thickness 5-7 mm;
• weight 90-120 g;
• dark red color.

Buratino pepper has a good presentation and transportability. It is characterized by high yield, productivity more than 8 kg/sq.m. m. Resistant to tobacco mosaic and blossom end rot.

Elephant F1

Thick-walled hybrid with an early ripening period (95-105 days) and high yield. The bushes are medium-sized, semi-determinate, up to 1.1 m high. Optimal density when planting 4-5 plants per 1 square meter. m. Each bush produces 7 large fruits.

Planting pepper seedlings in a greenhouse

It is important not to keep the seedlings in the room, otherwise the pepper may lose its ovary

Disembarkation dates

The timing of planting seedlings is calculated from the moment of sowing the seeds. Usually it is 60-70 days. There are other indicators that indicate the readiness of seedlings for the greenhouse: the presence of a pair of true leaves, the height of the plant is at least 25 cm, and more.

At what distance should seedlings be planted (planting diagram)

We take the seedlings out of the container along with the soil substrate, after moistening it well. The holes for sweet peppers do not need to be made very deep, so that the superficial root of this crop is not subsequently affected by neck rot. Fertilizers are added to the holes - humus with added mineral fertilizers.

The distance at which pepper seedlings are planted depends on the variety. For tall varieties, the distance between rows is 0.5 m, and between individual bushes 0.4 m. With this planting scheme, sweet peppers can grow and bush well.

Low-growing crops are planted at higher densities. The row spacing is 40-50 cm, the distance between individual peppers is 30 cm.

These standards must be met to ensure that each bush receives sufficient sunlight. If this does not happen, the seedlings will grow, stretch out, turn yellow and begin to shed leaves.

If other vegetables are grown in a greenhouse along with peppers, then it is best if the neighbors of the peppers are tomatoes and other nightshades. But cucumbers are undesirable as neighbors.