It is necessary to determine the optimal grape planting scheme at the very beginning. This is due to the fact that after cultivating the seedlings, it will be problematic to change anything.
Having practical and theoretical knowledge, you can significantly increase the harvest and significantly facilitate the process of its further collection. The distance between grape bushes is determined by several main factors. In this article, we will consider at what distance to plant grapes.
Brief overview of the article
- Main Factors
- How to plant correctly
- Where is better
- Adviсe
- Location of pits, optimal time of year
- Primary aspects
- Minor Factors
- Tricks
- Supports
- Industry
- Photo of planting grapes
Main Factors
It is worth understanding that grapes are an extremely unpretentious plant species. But to get a high yield, you need to put in a lot of effort, skills and knowledge. The distance of the bushes from each other plays a significant role in the final harvest. And its quantity is influenced by many factors.
First of all, this is a grape variety. We are talking about the individual characteristics of a particular grape variety. In addition, they can be short, medium or tall. Obviously, the greater their potential maximum height, the more distance they need between each other for comfortable growth.
The second most important thing is the timing of ripening. At this point, you must initially wisely choose the type for a particular site. In the majority of our country, many varieties will not be able to ripen. This is due to a lack of sunlight.
The vine planting scheme plays a big role, and it can be considered separately. The same can be said about the specific location in which the grapes are planted.
Self-fertile species are divided into plants with male and female characteristics. To ensure normal and productive cross-pollination, you need to constantly use different varieties. That is why beginners in gardening are highly recommended to gain experience with self-pollinating species.
Carefully study the climate for which a particular grape variety is intended, compare them with reality. There are varieties that do not tolerate gusts of wind very well. It is recommended to place them in a place where they will be reliably protected from the wind from all sides. Or near other buildings to provide protection from the wind at least on the leeward side.
At what distance from the fence to plant grapes? Planting density planning
The distance between the bushes is calculated in advance. Planting your own vineyard is not an easy but exciting task. Not every winegrower knows at what distance to plant grapes, but the growth and health of the bunches in the future depends on the location of the seedlings. Chibouks should not be replanted, especially for beginners who do not know how the established vine will behave. Planting occurs only once, and the distance between the bushes cannot be changed. Grapes are an unpretentious plant that requires special care. When planting, the winegrower takes into account the size of the future vineyard, soil indicators and the characteristics of the selected variety. Grapes love sun and moisture. Fertilizing and watering the soil is considered the main and mandatory care for the bush. Seedlings are prepared in winter, moistening and storing the stems in a secluded, dark place.
With the arrival of warmth, in early spring or even at the end of winter, a person begins to prepare the soil. There is nothing difficult in planting if each stage is completed exactly on time. There should be a distance between the cuttings that will provide access to moisture and fresh air to each seedling. The grapes will begin to grow much faster if there is a lot of free space between the stems. However, it is also not recommended to plant cuttings too far from each other. A large distance will not allow you to create an elegant green hedge that can be used to decorate a gazebo or an unsightly wall of an old outbuilding. When planting, you should take into account all the associated factors, sunny and shady sides, natural ventilation. A person who has decided to plant a lush vineyard needs to ensure his own comfort so that caring for the plant is not a burden. The grapes will grow beautifully and bring a stable harvest if you do not make serious mistakes when planting cuttings in the ground.
How to plant correctly
The distance between the pits for grapes must be calculated in advance, taking into account all the nuances of the cultivated plant. Correctly made and implemented calculations will not only allow you to get the maximum yield, but also make it easier to care for the planted plants.
Other useful neighbors for grapes
Cucumbers, onions, herbs, sorrel, and strawberries are planted near the grapes. These plants stimulate the growth of shrubs, the vines ripen quickly and unanimously.
It is not recommended to grow potatoes, corn, cloves, eggplants, and peppers nearby. At the same time, the grapes often get sick and freeze in winter.
Where is better
Regardless of the grape variety, its seedlings must be placed in sunny areas. It is also worth making sure in advance that the seedlings are protected from the wind. It is also worth paying attention to the fact that grapes love the sun very much, so they need its rays throughout the day.
The most suitable soil for planting grapes with the optimal distance between bushes is sandy or sandy loam. This is due to the fact that they allow a large amount of air to penetrate inside.
It is also worth paying attention that there is no groundwater nearby. They can easily destroy plantings; moreover, very wet soil becomes very hard during the cold season, which also interferes with the normal development and growth of grapes.
Taking this nuance into account, it is recommended to install drainage ditches in the plantings to avoid flooding and death of the plantings. If these are tall trees, then they should be located at the maximum permissible length, 3 meters.
If planting is done on a slope, it is necessary to plant across the slope.
The distance between grape bushes when planting is determined taking into account the above aspects. This will allow you to choose the optimal distance.
Arcadia grapes distance between bushes. Arcadia grapes: variety description
Arcadia pink grapes, an early ripening variety with a ripening time of about 125 days, assuming excellent weather, which is an excellent indicator. The clusters are heavy and quite large. The best bunches weigh more than two kilograms. The shape is almost always cylindrical, with blades, but it can be conical and winged. Description of the berries themselves are similar to clusters, large, from 11 g and more. It all depends on the load of the bush and agricultural technology. The berries are ovoid or heart-shaped, white or amber in color.
The variety is productive, which is characterized by a low level of sugar content, no more than 15-16%, and a not too high acidity level - 4-6 g/l.
Described as having a simple, unobtrusive and light taste. When fully ripened, the nutmeg aroma predominates.
Arcadia, having fleshy-juicy pulp, strong but not thick skin, gives a high indicator of transportability and keeping quality. This contributed to the inclusion of the Arcadia variety in the top ten varieties of the entire world's assortment.
At a favorable time of year, the shoots have time to ripen well. The same happens if the bushes are not overloaded with bunches. On a good bush, the fruitfulness of shoots is from 60 to 70%.
The Arcadia grape variety is considered one of the varietal winners for its high yields, from 20 kilograms and above.
A full-fledged and worthy descendant of genes for stability and quality, he loves care, for which he gives ripe bunches of grapes. Poor quality and incorrect care can destroy the bush, and by autumn you will receive unripe grapes.
Arcadia grapes are characterized by high resistance to mildew, approximately 3.5 points, but the frequency of spraying with Bordeaux mixture is at least 1 time per season. But resistance to oidium, a terrible fungus for grapes, is quite low. The defeat begins in the spring with shoots, then moves to berries. It is recommended to spray the vineyard with a preparation called Ridomil Gold after the appearance of 3 leaves. Repeated spraying after two weeks. In the absence of special treatment, gray rot is also dangerous.
The condition of the soil affects the quality of the berries, so if the soil moisture changes, the berries may crack. Nastya grapes require balanced watering with drip irrigation before flowering begins. Frost resistance down to minus 23°C, if covered with film the temperature is 2-3°C lower.
Planting and caring for grapes
The soil
The best time to plant this variety is spring, from April to early June. Planting in autumn is possible, but there is a risk of seedlings freezing. Air temperature up to 15°C, and soil temperature up to 10°C. The soil can be chernozem, loamy, clayey, sandy and sandy loam. The height of groundwater from the surface is not higher than 1.5 meters.
The site must be selected:
- Sunny, without shading and large trees nearby;
- With fertile soil.
Therefore, fertilizers are necessary, but dose limits must be observed. Good feeding option:
- Nitric;
- Phosphate-potassium;
- Mineral fertilizers.
You should not use nitrogen fertilizers, as Nastya grapes do not tolerate its excess well.
Places with free passage of wind should also be avoided. Therefore, it is recommended to place the vineyard along the walls, but with a distance of 0.5 meters, and 2 meters between the bushes themselves.
Adviсe
It is very rare to meet people who cultivate only grapes. As a rule, it is adjacent to some other crops. It is worth understanding that he is not able to get along with all species and representatives. You need to take care of this in advance if you want to grow something else nearby.
Experience shows that growing beans and various similar plants can be good neighbors. Almost all types of vegetables growing close to grapes prevent them from developing and growing normally. With their root system they are able to suppress other roots, blocking access to nutrients
The best place for grapes
Grapes are a heat-loving plant, so the optimal planting area for them on the site will be a sunny place. A good location for grapes would be places near the walls of a building, since they, heating up during the day, will give off heat on cool nights. Bushes located in the shade of buildings or trees will develop poorly and may eventually die.
Among other things, you need to take into account the height of the groundwater, since the depth of the grape roots can reach eight meters and it is undesirable for them to be constantly washed away. It is also important to know that proximity to lush bushes can be negative for the plant.
You need to carefully select the area for planting the plant, as it does not tolerate transplantation quite well.
Location of pits, optimal time of year
You can plant seedlings in autumn and spring, depending on your convenience. In this case, the disembarkation procedure will not differ.
Initially, dig a hole approximately 30 cm deep, with a diameter of half a meter.
Next, a special tube is installed in this hole, which will perform the function of watering.
When the tube is installed, crushed stone or crushed brick is laid in the hole. This layer will perform a drainage function.
A layer of soil is laid on top. Please note, it must be taken from a dug nest. If the soil is unacceptable for grapes, it can be mixed with sand. When it is ready, the cutting is placed in it.
At the final stage, the pit is finally filled with the remaining soil. A fresh seedling needs to be watered and a generous layer of mulch placed on top. It will prevent large losses of moisture, protect against weeds and some pests.
Varieties compatibility
To get a good harvest, summer residents carefully select varieties of berries, which they plant next to each other. For example, Alcor gets along well with the White Sauvignon variety - both are medium-late, together they enter the phases of flowering, berry set, and fruiting. The ripening period is one of the main signs that it is recommended to pay attention to. If early and late ripening grapes are planted nearby, they will develop differently, which will negatively affect the yield. While one variety is finishing flowering, another is just beginning.
It is important to take into account the type of soil and climatic conditions in which the grapes consistently bear fruit. For example, Skungub 2 is frost-resistant and takes root in cold regions of the country. The Yubilei Skuinya grape, which has similar characteristics, is planted next to it. It is not recommended to place southern and northern varieties in the same area - they are accustomed to different growing conditions, and such plants will not be successful in proximity.
Attention! Disputes do not subside among summer residents: some believe that technical varieties are planted only next to industrial varieties, and table varieties - with table varieties. Other gardeners claim that these types of grapes get along well with each other. There is no consensus on this matter.
Primary aspects
The distance between the bushes of currants, grapes and other types is affected by 3 main factors, which make up the approximate value:
- Selected (recommended) method of planting the crop in the ground;
- Number of seedlings;
- What kind of variety was planted, its characteristics.
In fact, three factors influence the distance between currant and grape bushes when planting.
Biplane
The main advantage of growing grapes on two-plane trellises is the possibility of doubling the number of shoots.
With this option, the rows should be located in the direction from north to south. This is how it is possible to provide the maximum amount of sunlight for each bush.
The arrangement of shoots on a two-plane trellis makes it possible to reduce the distance between bushes to two meters, instead of 3.6 meters on a single-plane one.
Supports
The width between the seedlings can be adjusted with supports. To achieve the required distance, you should carefully select the supports that are optimally suited for specific purposes.
Thus, if a single plane scheme is chosen, the plant is processed manually, the length will be standard for gardening 2 m.
In the case of two planes in the diagram, 2 m will also be sufficient. However, if processing is carried out by mechanization, it is necessary to ensure at least 3-4 meters of distance.
Choosing a trellis for grapes
There are single-plane and two-plane trellises
for tying vines.
If you have enough space, then the best option would be to install a two-plane trellis for grapes.
The height of the trellis from ground level to the top point must be calculated: the person who will care for the vineyard, raising his hand up, measures the height from the ground to the palm - this will be the optimal height of the trellis.
For those who do not want to measure, a standard height of 2-2.3 m is suitable.
, you shouldn’t do it higher - it’s inconvenient to trim and tie up the vines.
Photo of planting grapes
How to choose healthy grape bushes?
To prevent the grape bushes from wilting soon after planting, but from growing, you need to select them in accordance with the following requirements:
- Annual, with a well-developed root system, at least 5-6 roots
- The roots are not damaged, they are white when cut, and if the color of the root is brown, the seedling is not suitable for planting
- A plant about 0.5 m long should have not only 1 trunk, but have several shoots, 15-20 cm long
- The leaves are bright and tender to the touch.
- Shoot thickness is about 1 cm
- The bark of the tree should be smooth, without cracks, elastic, light brown in color, without spots or dead areas
Healthy grape seedlings and the process of planting them
Cuttings
Cuttings for multiplying grapes are harvested in the autumn and spring. Propagation of the plant in spring is done from cuttings and seedlings.
The difference between them is that chubuks are cut from one-year-old shoots, and seedlings are germinated from cuttings. Cut from two-year-old stems growing in the center, 30-40 cm long.
It is necessary to leave at least 3 live buds on the cuttings. The choice should be based on the following aspects:
- When choosing a grape variety, you should take into account not only taste, but also adaptability to growing in the climatic conditions of the area.
- Only mature vines are purchased. This is determined by the following parameters: the smallest length is 1 m, and in diameter it is 6-10 mm.
- The selected vine should be bent; a characteristic cracking sound should be heard. This serves as confirmation of good ripening.
- There must be at least one bud on the cutting, otherwise a new grape bush will not grow from it.
When looking closely at grape bushes in order to store planting material, the color and thickness of the vine is taken into account.
For the bark, the most natural color is brown without black islands. The stem at the cut site should be 8-10 mm. Cuttings are selected and then cut off without cuts or disease.
How to plant grape seedlings?
How to plant grape seedlings in autumn or spring?
- For a grape bush, dig a square hole with sides of 80 cm.
- We prepare it in advance, and not at the moment when we plant the vine.
- If the groundwater in these places is close to the surface, pour a drainage layer (sand with pebbles, crushed stone), about 10 cm thick, onto the bottom of the hole.
- Pour 2-3 buckets of compost or humus above the drainage layer.
- Then to 3-4 buckets of chernozem we add a glass of superphosphate and potassium sulfate, 1 kg of ash, mix and pour into a hole for compost.
- Sprinkle 10 cm of black soil without fertilizers on top of the chernozem with fertilizers so that the grape roots do not get burned.
- Pour 2-3 buckets of water on top and leave the hole for 3 weeks so that the soil settles.
- 2 weeks before planting grape seedlings, we begin to harden them: we take them out into the fresh air, into the shade, every day, the first day - 15 minutes, the second - add another 30 minutes to 15 minutes, so every day - 7 days we add 30 minutes. The remaining days of 2 weeks, if frosts are not expected, leave the seedlings in the air and overnight.
- We choose a cloudy day to plant grapes.
- After all the fertilizers have been poured, we are left with a hole with a height of 0.5 m. In the center we pour a small hill of black soil.
- On the side of the hole we drive a pipe, plastic or iron, about 1 m long, into the ground. It will serve as a support for the grape bush, and through it you can pour water during drought, directly to the roots.
- We place the grape seedling on the hill, straighten the roots so that they are not bent, and sprinkle 10 cm of black earth soil.
- Seedlings up to 25 cm in height are planted vertically, if longer than 25 cm, we are planted at an angle.
- If the grapes were grafted, then the grafting should be above the ground, not underground, otherwise ungrafted shoots will grow.
- If there is little rain in the fall, then you should water the planted grapes several times; if there has been rain, there is no need to water.
Attention! The grapes are watered only with warm, sun-heated water.
Unhardened grape seedlings, after being planted in the ground in the spring, react to the sun as if they were planted in the fall (preparing for winter): they do not grow, the branches take on a woody form.
Planting grape seedlings
How to plant grapes from cuttings?
In spring, grapes can be planted by cuttings, but first the cuttings need to be prepared:
- We harvest grape branches up to half a meter long, also known as cuttings, in the fall in dry weather.
- We wrap the branches in cellophane and store them all winter in a dry room, at a temperature of no more than 5 degrees Celsius.
- In winter, we check the cuttings; if they become foggy and moisture has formed, we dry them.
- In the spring, before planting, 15 days before planting, we grow roots for the cuttings - take them out of the basement into a damp, warm and ventilated room, put them in a box at an angle, and cover them with soil.
- Then we cut the cutting so that there is 1 cm from the bottom to the bud, and 2 cm from the top above the last bud.
- Soak the prepared cuttings for 1 day in water with 1 tbsp. l. honey
- Then we dry the cuttings and prepare a mixture of wax and resin (15 g each), water and paraffin (300 g each). Heat the mixture until the paraffin melts, and dip the upper part of the cutting up to the bud into it, being careful not to dip it along with the bud, otherwise it will not be able to bloom.
What is the optimal distance between seedlings?
When faced with different bushes, an experienced winegrower can develop his own line of behavior and care for the vine. Early varieties that ripen by the end of July or August grow worse than varieties with an autumn harvest. Such a concept as short sleeves indicates the degree of growth of the vine on the sides. Early varieties do not need a large space and such bushes can be planted at a distance of 1.5 meters. If you plant seedlings closer, the bushes will grow crookedly. You shouldn't expect a big harvest from crowded bushes. Late grapes include the following frost-resistant and hardy varieties:
Planting cuttings in open ground
How to calculate the distance between two bushes? A winegrower with experience in planting his own vineyard or a beginner needs to take into account that planting planning concerns not only the length of the planted row, but also the distance between individual bushes. Why is it so important to arrange chibouks in a certain demarcated area? The distance between the bushes affects the technical and economic performance of grapes. Correcting mistakes made during landing is difficult, if not impossible. Incorrect placement of seedlings that grow harms not only the grapes, but also neighboring crops in the garden or on the land. When planting, the density of the future vineyard is taken into account in advance.
Experienced winegrowers purposefully influence the quality and quantity of the harvest. Simple manipulations significantly save time for caring for bushes and increase the fruitfulness of all grapes. In recent years, the theory of the dependence of the amount of harvest on two indicators of the vineyard - the number of eyes on the bush and the location of the bushes - has become increasingly popular among breeders. Maximum growth vigor is achieved through timely pruning of the vine and proper planting of the stems. How to grow grapes correctly for a large harvest? The vigor of bush growth depends on the following factors:
- the location of each seedling;
- pruning;
- grape sort;
- fertilizer and watering.
Grapes grow best when they grow in sequentially planted bushes. It is recommended to plant the vine on well-fertilized soil with prepared, moistened holes. How to properly place chibuki?
What can I do to get the sprouts to take root?
From the second half of February it is time to sprout roots. The blanks must be removed from the storage location and prepared for further rooting. First of all, check the suitability of the cuttings for planting at home. To do this, lightly press the tree with pruning shears; the shank should release very little moisture. If there is a lot of moisture, it means it has rotted; if there is none at all, it means the cutting has dried out. In both cases, they are not suitable for germination.
Also examine the place of the cut: if it has a uniform, slightly greenish color, then we have a healthy plant; if there are black specks or uneven color, we are dealing with an affected shoot.
If everything is in order with the blanks, follow the further instructions:
- place healthy cuttings in warm water with the addition of potassium permanganate for several hours (optimal water temperature is 30-40 degrees);
- rinse the workpieces thoroughly under running water and give them time to dry completely and adapt to new conditions (let them lie on a clean cloth for 1-2 days);
- the lower and upper cut under the buds must be updated by 2 and 1.5 centimeters, respectively;
- prepare a stimulating solution, for this use settled water, to which you can add products such as Kornevin or Charkor.
- Lubricate the edges of the cuttings with garden varnish, and the main part should lie in a stimulating solution for several days.
If all of the above procedures are followed, the cuttings are completely ready to take root. Pour a little water into a glass container (up to a 2 cm layer). Dissolve several tablets of activated carbon in water. Place 3 to 4 cuttings in each jar and place the containers on a windowsill or on special shelves with sufficient light.
As a rule, chubuk gives roots in a jar after 2-3 weeks, provided that the room temperature does not fall below 24 degrees. At lower temperatures, the germination period will also increase, which does not always have a positive effect on the further development of the young shoot. Soaking the roots in water is necessary to improve vegetative properties, since if you immediately lower the cuttings into the ground or substrate, leaves will form over time, but roots will not form, which leads to constant loss of moisture and has a detrimental effect on the plant.
