Kharkov winter cabbage: variety description, characteristics, photos, reviews

Kharkov cabbage is a late-ripening variety of cabbage, one of the best examples of Ukrainian selection. Bred by crossing the varieties Amager 611 and Dauerweiss-Germany. The variety was originally zoned for the climatic conditions of Ukraine, but its stable resistance to variable weather conditions and versatility in use created opportunities for its distribution across the vast territory of European and Asian countries.

The following parameters are considered the main characteristics of cabbage of this variety:

• Purpose of the variety: universal.
• Appearance of the head of cabbage: dense, rounded-flattened, does not crack. Green color. Average weight – 2-3.5 kg. The circumference of the outlet is from 80 to 110 cm.
• Productivity: high. With properly selected agrotechnical measures, the yield reaches 10-12 kg per m2.
• Resistance to weather conditions is excellent. Lack of moisture does not affect the amount of harvest. Tolerates temperatures up to +40°.
• Frost resistance: up to -2-3o.
• Ripening time: 150-160 days after planting seedlings.

Features of the variety:

• Drought resistance.
• Cold resistance.
• Resistance to major viral diseases of cabbage.
• Tolerates long-term transportation well.

General characteristics of the winter variety and botanical description with photos

Kharkov winter is a late-ripening variety of white cabbage. During the growing season, it forms strong and large heads of cabbage 30-40 cm in diameter. The shape of the forks can be round, spherical, sometimes flattened. The head of cabbage is difficult to separate because its leaves fit tightly together.

The cabbage rosette is large, the diameter of which ranges from 80 to 110 cm. The color of the leaves is most often green or pale green, with a waxy coating on top of the main color. There is a slight waviness on the edge of the leaf blade. Covering leaves are smooth or slightly wrinkled. The inner leaves are soft and tender because they contain almost no dense and coarse fibers.

When cut, the head of cabbage has a white or cream tint. The stalk reaches 10-20 cm in length and is of medium density. The taste of the harvest is rich, with a sweetish aftertaste. When crushed and otherwise processed, the pulp releases juice abundantly.

In the photo you can see the characteristic features of the Kharkovskaya winter variety.

Also, the main characteristics of late cabbage include:

• resistance of seedlings to return spring frosts - up to -3 degrees;
• high heat resistance of the crop - up to +40 degrees;
• the head of cabbage does not crack even after being in the garden for a long time in its mature form;
• the taste of cabbage and the quantitative indicators of the harvest do not change with a lack of moisture;
• The variety tolerates long-term transportation well.

Table with detailed characteristics

We invite you to watch an overview video about Kharkov winter cabbage:

Description of the variety

The characteristics of Kharkov cabbage make it possible to classify it as a late-ripening variety. Technical ripeness of the heads occurs 150–160 days after emergence. It was bred in Ukraine by crossing the best varieties Amager 611 and Dauerweiss.

Kharkovskaya tolerates drought and high air temperatures well, which is why it has gained wide popularity throughout Europe and Asia. Heads of cabbage of universal use, flat-round shape, light green color. The cabbage rosette reaches 110 cm in diameter. The weight of the head ranges from 1.9 to 3.5 kg. The yield per square meter is 10–11 kg.

Young plants of Kharkovskaya during the growth period can withstand temperatures dropping to -2 °C and rising to +40 °C. Lack of moisture does not affect taste and product quality. Cabbage heads do not crack even if they remain in the garden in their ripened form longer than expected.

How to choose a late variety

You may have an excellent understanding of early or middle varieties, but know absolutely nothing about late varieties of white cabbage and the rules for choosing seedlings or seeds of this healthy vegetable crop

To correct this mistake, pay attention to the main characteristics that are paramount when choosing a late-season vegetable:. Taste characteristics. Duration of fresh storage. Suitable for canning and fermentation.

• Taste characteristics.
• Duration of fresh storage.
• Suitable for canning and fermentation.

If these characteristics did not help you choose the best variety of white winter cabbage, pay attention to cabbage, which is called Kharkov cabbage.

Individual heads grow up to 3.5 kg

This name is quite justified, because the variety was discovered precisely in the Kharkov region, although now, thanks to the unpretentiousness of this useful vegetable crop, it has spread throughout Europe and even part of Asia.

Description

Cabbage seeds, Kharkov winter variety, harvest 2022

Description:

One of the best late varieties of domestic selection, which was bred by the Ukrainian Research Institute of Vegetable and Melon Growing using the method of free pollination of the varieties Dauerweiss - Germany and Amager 611, followed by individual and family-group selection. Cabbage is late-ripening, the heads of cabbage ripen 122 - 135 days after planting the seedlings, the yield is up to 11 kg/m2. The heads of cabbage are round-flat, large, dense, do not crack, weighing 1.9 - 3.5 kg, white when cut. Since plants tolerate a lack of moisture well, the variety is recommended for areas with insufficient moisture. Suitable for fermentation, fresh consumption in the autumn, has good keeping quality. Relatively resistant to mucous bacteriosis.

Requirements:

The best predecessors are legumes and grains, cucumbers, onions and root vegetables. Bad predecessors are radishes, beets, turnips. The best soils are loamy with a high humus content, with a neutral or slightly acidic reaction. The variety is relatively drought-resistant and cold-resistant. Valued for its stable yield and versatility of use. It is grown by seedlings or by sowing seeds in the ground. Sow to a depth of 1.5 - 2 cm. Planting seedlings at the age of 45 - 50 days. Requires fertile soils and responds positively to fertilization. The optimal temperature for seed germination is 18 - 20°C, for plant growth 12 - 18°C. When planting, place it in open, sunny, fertile areas.

5 Secrets of successful cabbage:

1. To grow strong cabbage seedlings, you need to properly prepare a nutritious soil mixture. Ideally, the soil for cabbage seedlings should be prepared in the fall, but if for some reason you did not have time to do this, you can start preparing it right now. Mix 1 part of turf soil and humus, add a little ash (10 tablespoons for every 10 kg of soil) and mix the substrate thoroughly. In this case, the ash will be a source of not only micro- and macroelements, but also an excellent antiseptic that can prevent the appearance of blackleg on cabbage seedlings.
2. Before sowing, water the soil thoroughly and try not to moisten it any further until shoots appear - cabbage seeds need a lot of water to germinate - about 50% of their weight.
3. When the seedlings appear, they need to be thinned out, leaving each plant a feeding area of ​​approximately 2x2 cm.
4. At the time of planting, the seedlings should have about 6 leaves and a developed root system.
5. Heads of Kharkov winter cabbage can last up to 6 months. During storage, they are not affected by diseases and pests, maintaining their high taste. The harvested crop is kept in a cool room protected from sunlight. In such conditions it can be stored until spring.

Basic growing rules

When to plant?

In warmer regions, where temperatures in the spring during the day reach 10-15 degrees, cabbage can be planted in early April until the third decade of the month. In cold regions where nighttime temperatures in April fall below -3 degrees, seedlings should be planted in early or mid-May.

Seed preparation

1. To calibrate good seeds, they need to be soaked in a 3% salt solution. The heavy ones will sink to the bottom, and the light ones will float to the surface.
2. Water containing light seeds should be drained, and large ones should be washed and dried.
3. For additional disinfection, soak them in a 1% solution of potassium permanganate for half an hour.
4. Then the seeds need to be filled with warm water (15-20 degrees), placed in a warm place for a day, changing the water once after 4 hours.
5. After the grains swell, place them in a damp cloth and harden them in the refrigerator for a day at a temperature of 1-3 degrees.

Necessary equipment

Suitable for growing seedlings:

• pots;
• cups;
• cassette;
• boxes.

Attention!

There must be holes in the bottoms of the dishes so that the water does not stagnate.

To treat containers, it is recommended to use a solution: 5 grams of potassium permanganate per 10 liters of hot water.

Soil for seedlings

The soil for seedlings can be prepared in the fall and stored until spring. Purchased soil or homemade soil is suitable:

• 75% peat;
• 15% turf land;
• 10% sand.

If desired, you can add a little sawdust.

Landing conditions

Seeds are planted 45-50 days before transplanting into open ground. Seedlings need a sunny, warm place (15-20 degrees). Daylight hours should be at least 12-15 hours. To solve this problem, you can use LED lamps.

Plant care

Seedling care includes:

1. watering;
2. feeding;
3. loosening;
4. weeding.

Intensive watering is required during the first week, then the seedlings are watered 2-3 times a week. The first feeding is carried out after 8-10 days, the second - after 20-25 days.

Important!

It is advisable to give preference to mineral fertilizers that contain boron and molybdenum.

As necessary, the sprouts should be loosened a little after each watering and weeded. On frost-free days, seedlings can be placed on the balcony and brought into the room at night. It is important not to forget about ventilation and open the window for 2-4 hours.

Moving to open ground

When the seedlings reach 15-20 cm in height and form 4-6 leaves, they can be planted in open ground. The place should be sunny. The distance between rows is maintained at least 60 cm, between holes - 50 cm.

1. Before planting, water the seedlings generously and remove them from the container with a lump of earth, being careful not to damage or dry out the roots.
2. Place in well-watered holes and cover with 2-3 cm of soil.

As soon as the shoots appear, the cabbage is thinned out, leaving only the strongest and most persistent specimens.

Outdoor care

For the first week, watering is carried out daily, then 1-2 times a week. Fertilizing with mineral fertilizers is applied 2-3 times throughout the entire season. If necessary, you should loosen the soil and carefully hill up the growing heads of cabbage.

Advice

Nitrogen fertilizers should not be used. Because of them, the heads of cabbage become loose, quickly rot and are not stored for a long time.

Harvest and storage

The Kharkov winter harvest is harvested after 150 days, in clear, dry weather before the onset of the first frost. The storage room for cabbage should be dark, cool and dry. For greater safety, the heads of cabbage can be wrapped in paper and placed in boxes of 5-6 pieces.

Growing problems

• The leaves of the cabbage wither. The problem may be damage to the root system. To avoid this, it is necessary to hill up the crop after abundant watering. This will help form an additional root system.
• Cabbage may not form a full head of cabbage. Many late-ripening cabbage varieties are susceptible to this problem. It is rare. In order to help the cabbage set a head, it must be fed with purchased fertilizers or folk remedies. Manure, brewer's yeast, nettle slurry, and herbal infusions work well.
• Instead of one head of cabbage, several small ones appeared. A similar situation may arise:
  1. with a lack of light when growing seedlings;

  in case of burns when feeding seedlings with highly concentrated solutions;

• due to freezing of the growing point.

To avoid this problem, you must follow the rules for growing seedlings and not overdo it with fertilizers.

Advantages and disadvantages of the variety

Advantages of the variety:

• uniform ripening of the crop;
• resistance to drought, pests and diseases;
• no tendency to crack;
• long-term storage, good shelf life and transportability;
• universal application;
• high yield.

The Kharkov winter has no significant disadvantages. Minor disadvantages include the possibility of the heads of cabbage falling over due to the long stalk - they may have to be propped up and hilled up.

What kind of variety is this

Kharkov winter is a white cabbage bred by Ukrainian breeders of the Research Institute of Vegetable and Melon Growing as a result of crossing the varieties Amager 611 and Dauerweiss.

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The variety was approved for use in Russia (with the exception of the Northern, East Siberian and Far Eastern regions) in 1976.

Description and characteristics

The variety is distinguished by late ripening - 150-170 days pass from mass germination to technical maturity of heads of cabbage. Marketable yield – 11-12 kg/sq.m. m.

Kharkov winter without problems tolerates an increase in air temperature up to +40°C and a drop to -3°C, so it is not afraid of the first autumn and return spring frosts. Cabbage easily tolerates lack of moisture - drought does not negatively affect yield, taste and marketability.

Consumer qualities

The variety is characterized by round or slightly flattened, dense, medium-sized heads of cabbage, the diameter of which is 30-40 cm, and the weight varies from 2.7 to 4.7 kg.

The covering leaves are white-green with a bluish tint, smooth or slightly wrinkled, covered with a waxy coating. They fit tightly to the head of cabbage and protect the forks from heat or frost. When cut, the heads of cabbage are mostly white, but in the center it turns into cream, and the parts adjacent to the covering leaves may be greenish. The stalk reaches a length of 15-20 cm, while being quite thin. There are no hard veins or leaf bases inside the heads of cabbage.

The variety is distinguished by its sweet taste, high sugar content, juiciness and pronounced cabbage aroma of leaves. Kharkov winter contains a lot of vitamin C, fiber and microelements, including potassium, sulfur and zinc. The variety produces virtually no waste - approximately 93% of the vegetable is consumed.

Cabbage of this variety is consumed fresh, fermented, used for preparing salads and hot dishes, stewed and included in the filling for pies, as well as canned, pickled and pickled.

History of variety development

Kharkov winter cabbage is a high-yielding variety of Ukrainian selection. The hybrid was bred quite a long time ago - in the mid-70s of the twentieth century, by direct crossing of the Amager 611 and Dauerweiss varieties. Its authors were scientists from the Institute of Vegetable and Melon Growing (Kharkov region, Selectionnoye village).

The plant is zoned for cultivation in the temperate zone of Ukraine, but it can be grown in almost any climate zone, with the exception of the Far Eastern and Siberian regions.

Pros and cons of the variety

• The main advantages of this cabbage hybrid are:
• good shelf life and transportability;
• large size of heads of cabbage;
• drought resistance and unpretentiousness;
• resistance to characteristic infections;
• resistance to cracking of mature heads of cabbage;
• versatility of the crop - the vegetable is suitable for fresh consumption, as well as all kinds of processing;
• cabbage does not spoil if harvested late.

No serious shortcomings were identified in the Kharkov winter one. The only exception is the variety’s need for painstaking care.

Growing methods

Both seedling and non-seedling methods are equally successfully used for growing cabbage.

Seedless method

The advantages of this method are that plants skip the painful adaptation phase when transferred to another place, take root better and ripen faster. The time to full maturity is reduced by about half a month.

The disadvantage of such cultivation is that it is necessary to sow seeds in open ground very early, when there is still a threat of spring frosts. Winter cabbage Kharkovskaya is exactly the variety that can be grown by sowing seeds without problems.

In the description of Kharkov winter cabbage, it is noted that heads of cabbage grown without transplanting seedlings reach large sizes. This is explained by the fact that a plant that comes to a permanent place from a seed takes root thicker and deeper, and therefore turns out to be stronger and more viable. A longer shelf life of such heads of cabbage was also noted.

To sow seeds in the ground, holes are made in the prepared bed at a distance of 60-70 cm, the seeds are sown no deeper than 2 cm, 5-6 grains in each cell. After two true leaves appear on the seedlings, smaller sprouts are removed, leaving 2-3. After a while, more are removed, leaving one, the strongest plant in the hole.

Seedling method

For cabbage seedlings, soil is prepared from peat (75%), turf soil and sand. If the mixture is made independently, not purchased, it is advisable to disinfect it with a fungicide solution a week before sowing.

The seeds are sown in the second half of April in furrows with soil to a depth of 1 cm, the distance between the rows is 3 cm.

To germinate, cabbage seedlings need a sunny place with a temperature of 18-20o. The first shoots appear within 4-5 days, after which the container can be moved to a cooler place. After 45-50 days, the seedlings are ready to be planted in the garden.

The planting pattern is 40x50 cm. Each sprout is placed in a hole, filled with water and pressed with soil. During the first days, the planted seedlings should be watered daily; when the sprout has finally taken root, watering is reduced to one or two times a week, depending on weather conditions. For better survival, the first feeding of cabbage should be done immediately after planting. Subsequent ones - 2-3 times during the growing season and at the stage of setting heads.

Growing

The description of the variety states that Kharkov cabbage can be grown in two ways: seedlings or non-seedlings. The plant is a sun-loving plant, so it is advisable to have well-lit beds for it. The seedless method involves sowing seeds directly into the ground. This is done at the end of April or at the beginning of May. Sowing is done to a depth of no more than 2 cm. Dry soil is pre-moistened one day before the start of work.

The distance between the rows of Kharkovskaya is about half a meter. As soon as seedlings begin to appear, the crops are thinned out and only the strongest specimens are left.

When growing cabbage seedlings, seedlings are planted in open ground a couple of months after sowing. The distance between the holes is left at 40 cm.

See also

Description, treatment and control of cauliflower diseasesRead

Features of care

Reviews from experienced gardeners indicate that after planting in open ground, Kharkov cabbage should be watered daily for the first week. As soon as the plants take root, irrigate them 1-2 times a week. This variety responds favorably to fertilizing. It is worth applying them 2-3 times per season. The best time for these activities is considered to be the period of active growth and head laying. Mineral fertilizers are mainly used.

With proper care, the Kharkov winter cabbage variety can please the gardener with a truly royal harvest. Its description recommends systematically loosening the soil and removing weeds. The first weeding is carried out after the seedlings take root in the garden bed, and further weeding is carried out as needed. To prevent the growth of weeds and facilitate the maintenance process, they resort to mulching the soil.

Planting care

Kharkov winter cabbage requires the usual care measures throughout the entire growing season. They provide for timely pest control, watering, fertilizing and soil cultivation.

We recommend that you find out why cabbage leaves turn yellow.

Watering and fertilizers

Water the cabbage every 5–6 days; in dry and hot weather, the frequency of the procedure is increased. The water must be purified and heated to ambient temperature. For the first 2–3 days, the watering rate should be about 6 l/m², then gradually increase it to 10–12 l/m².

In addition to watering, cabbage requires up to 4 feedings throughout the growing season:

1. The first time is 2 weeks after planting. Solutions of cow manure (0.5 liters of manure / 10 liters of water), with a consumption of 0.5 liters per plant, are best suited for this.
2. The next feeding is 4 weeks after planting the cabbage. For this, they also use a solution of 0.5 liters of manure per 10 liters of water, at the rate of 0.5 liters per plant.
3. The third time the beds are fed after 6 weeks with saturated phosphorus fertilizers. To do this, dilute 1 tbsp in 10 liters of water. a spoonful of nitrophoska. The working fluid consumption is 6–8 l/m².
4. The last feeding is in the 9th week after planting the seedlings in open soil. To do this, use a solution of nitrophoska or cow manure.

Soil care

Weeding and loosening are considered mandatory when caring for cabbage plantings. They allow you to saturate the substrate with oxygen, and also avoid the influence of weeds on the cabbage. Both procedures are often carried out together, which simplifies the overall care of the beds. The soil must be completely loosened to a depth of about 5–7 cm, while weeds and their remains must be removed from the soil.

Find out why cabbage rots on the vine.

The frequency of the procedure depends on watering, since weeding is done the next day after the area is moistened, but at least once a week. Hilling cabbage is not considered a mandatory measure, however, this procedure helps protect the plants from pests and also avoid the heads of cabbage from lying down during ripening.

Hilling is done twice, on the 10th and 40–50th days after planting, in dry and windless weather. Late evening is best for this, which helps to avoid drying out of the substrate. Hilling is carried out in such a way as to pull the maximum amount of soil under the stem of the bush within a radius of 20–30 cm around each trunk. In this case, you need to form a rounded hill about 30 cm high around the cabbage.

Pest and disease control

Kharkov winter is characterized by increased resistance to major infections of cruciferous crops, including bacteriosis and necrosis, so this problem occurs infrequently. To combat various ailments, complex protective agents are used.

The drugs that performed best were:

• "Fitoverm";
• "Inta-Vir";
• "Decis";
• "Spark".

Powerful contact preparations will save you from all kinds of pests on your site.

Did you know? Cabbage entered the territory of Rus' in the 5th century, and the Greek colonies of the Black Sea region became the center of its distribution.

Today there is a large selection of such products on the market, but the most effective are:

• “Herold”, “Aliot”, “Shar Pei”, “Senpai” - against caterpillars, aphids, cabbage flea beetles;
• “Fly-eater”, “Terradox” - eliminate cabbage fly and its larvae;
• "Miura" is the best protective agent against grass weeds.

The main threat to cabbage plantings is slugs. They love to live in cool and damp corners of the site, which are precisely the best place to grow vegetables. It is not easy to overcome slugs, since they instantly infect cabbage and quite often, feeding on its leaves, lead to the death of the plantings, especially in the early stages of development.

Slugs on cabbage. The best remedy for these pests is a mixture of equal parts of table salt, ground black pepper and mustard powder. The area of ​​the beds, as well as the surrounding area, is generously sprinkled with it.

Harvesting rules

Kharkov winter cabbage is characterized by high yield and long shelf life

When the cabbage is ripe, it is very important to properly harvest the crop and send it for “wintering” - storage.

Kharkov cabbage tolerates heat and cold well, so there is no need to rush into harvesting. Until late autumn, the heads of cabbage grow and do not crack. They are not afraid of light frosts down to -6°C. But exposure to such low temperatures should not be prolonged, otherwise the heads of cabbage will rot during storage.

Cabbage harvest

You can’t leave cut heads of cabbage even at a frost of -1 degree; frozen leaves and stalks on the cuts will begin to rot and ruin the entire harvest.

You cannot harvest cabbage immediately after frost. The heads of cabbage should thaw at the root within 5 days. If you cut off the frozen heads of cabbage right away, they will begin to rot within a month and black leaves will appear.

The collected heads of cabbage cannot be immediately put into the cellar for storage, even if the harvesting took place on a sunny, warm day. Before storage, cabbage should be dried for at least 5 hours under a canopy, but not in the sun. In direct sunlight, cabbage withers.

The timing of harvesting varies from region to region and depends on weather conditions.

After harvesting, it is necessary to sort and remove cabbage debris. Eat small non-standard heads of cabbage first, use the leaves for livestock feed, and put the remaining green waste in compost.

Landing

Late varieties of cabbage are grown in seedlings. Seeds are sown a month before planting seedlings in open ground to a depth of 1-1.5 cm. Cabbage seedlings should not be over-watered; they are susceptible to fungal diseases. When overwatered, blackness may appear on the stems - this is a “black leg”. It damages the stem where it comes out of the ground. Such plants need to be dug up along with the soil and destroyed, and the place where they grew should be spilled with potassium permanganate. The optimal temperature for keeping seedlings at night is 10-12 degrees, during the day 16-18. In the heat, cabbage seedlings weaken.

Agricultural technology for growing the variety

The culture is quite unpretentious in care. When growing it, seedling and seed methods are used. In the southern regions, the second method of cultivation will be appropriate. In other areas it is better to use the seedling method. It makes it possible to reduce the ripening time of the crop.

Growing seedlings

Sowing seeds for seedlings should be carried out from April 1 to April 20. Soil for planting:

• turf soil;
• leaf humus.

The ingredients are mixed in equal proportions and 1 tbsp is added for each kg of total volume. l. wood ash. It will serve as both a fertilizer and an antiseptic. Then the resulting substrate is spilled with water to achieve a humidity of 50%. The soil should be loose, but not swampy. The seeds do not require special preparation, because they undergo it before packaging and delivery for sale. They are sown dry in long communal containers.

The seed planting depth is 0.5–1 cm, the distance between them is 8 cm, and the same between the rows. After planting, the surface of the container must be covered with film or glass to create a greenhouse effect. During the germination phase, the temperature is maintained within +20…+22°C. When the first shoots appear (this takes about 4 days), remove the cover and reduce the temperature to +8...+10°C. With the appearance of the first leaves, on sunny days it is increased to +14°C, and on cloudy days it is left at +8...+10°C. Such fluctuations will help make seedlings more resilient.

It is also worth paying attention to the light mode. Optimal daylight hours: 12–15 hours

With the appearance of the first true leaf, the seedlings are planted in separate peat pots. After 10 days, fertilizing is carried out. Add to 1 liter of water:

• superphosphate - 4 g;
• potassium sulfate - 2 g;
• ammonium nitrate - 2 g.

Important! When transplanting, plants must be buried down to the cotyledons, otherwise the seedlings will become very elongated, which will negatively affect their development in open ground. Before applying fertilizer, the seedlings are spilled with water so that the liquid flows out of the drainage holes.

Consumption per plant - 20 ml. It is most convenient to apply fertilizer using a syringe. The next time feeding is carried out after 3 weeks. At this stage, the same composition is used, but the dosage of the components is doubled. The third feeding is carried out a week before planting seedlings in open ground. Add the same ingredients to 1 liter of water in a ratio of 7:8:3

Before applying fertilizer, the seedlings are spilled with water so that the liquid flows out of the drainage holes. Consumption per plant - 20 ml. It is most convenient to apply fertilizer using a syringe. The next time feeding is carried out after 3 weeks. At this stage, the same composition is used, but the dosage of the components is doubled. The third feeding is carried out a week before planting seedlings in open ground. The same ingredients are added to 1 liter of water in a ratio of 7:8:3.

Watering seedlings is carried out on demand and only at the root. The soil should not be allowed to dry out or become a swamp.

Optimal soil moisture should always be maintained within 50%

Hardening begins 2 weeks before transplantation. This process involves the gradual adaptation of plants to outdoor temperatures and weather conditions (wind, rain, changes in light conditions). To do this, plants are placed outside first for 3 hours. Every day the interval is increased by 2 hours. By the time of planting, the seedlings should spend outside around the clock.

Transplantation into open ground

Planting on the site is carried out when the seedlings reach the age of 60 days. It is advisable to carry out this manipulation before June 1st. The plot intended for cabbage begins to be prepared in the autumn. The soil is cultivated to a depth of 20 cm, then spilled with a 3% solution of copper sulfate. A week later, 10 kg of manure and leaf humus are added for digging to a depth of 15 cm.

In areas with heavy soil, add 10 kg of sand and peat along with fertilizers, and also increase the digging depth by 10 cm. A month before planting, add 10 kg of compost per m² and cultivate the soil again. A week before planting, the area is watered with a Fitosporin solution. The drug is diluted in a ratio of 5:10.

Before planting, seedlings are watered a day before. In the morning, dig holes 2 cm larger than the pot. Place cups of compost and 1 tbsp at the bottom. l. wood ash. The planting scheme in open ground recommended by the originators of the variety is 60x60 cm.

Peat pots are placed in the holes directly along with vegetation from disposable plastic containers, and the seedlings are transplanted using the transshipment method. The soil around the plants is lightly compacted and watered with a small amount of water (approximately 300–500 ml). After a few hours, the soil is loosened and mulched with compost or peat.

We recommend reading about cabbage processing: timing, methods of pest control.

Reviews about the variety

Valentina Ivanovna, Kyiv, 43 years old.

But I am a true patriot of Kharkov. We usually praise, and not only here, varieties of Dutch selection, but also Japanese ones have begun to appear. But I still like Kharkovskaya the most among the later ones. It is adapted to the climatic conditions of Ukraine, and the taste is excellent. In addition, you can ferment. The taste is good.

Igor Ivanovich, Moscow, 52 years old.

The Kharkovskaya variety is late-ripening. During cultivation, the temperature dropped to -4 degrees Celsius, and the cabbage held up well. The leaves are medium-sized, very heavily covered with a waxy coating. The originator states that the shape of the head of cabbage is flat, but mine grew oval-round. The head of cabbage itself is very dense and heavy; the maximum weight of my heads of cabbage reached 4.2 kg. There is a rather long poker inside. The taste is good. My wife made salads from Kharkov, made borscht, and stewed it into pies. There are no complaints, the cabbage is really good. It lay there all winter, until February. I’m sure there would have been more, but they would have eaten it all. This year we will also grow Kharkovskaya.

Reviews from gardeners

Kharkovskaya has been cultivated in garden plots for quite some time. That is why experienced summer residents and farmers are happy to share their reviews about this variety.

Galina Stanislavovna, retired summer resident: “I’ve been growing Kharkov cabbage on my plot for more than 5 years. I bought it for the first time in the form of seedlings on the market and since then I have never changed this variety. Despite the fact that the conditions in my garden are not the best, I managed to harvest a decent harvest and provide the whole family with cabbage for the whole winter. The heads were stored in the basement until the early varieties began to ripen in the beds the following season.”

Inna Valentinovna, resident of the village: “My husband bought Kharkovskaya seeds in a store on the advice of the seller. Since then, of the later varieties, we prefer only this one. The heads can be used for preparing salads and pickling, as well as cabbage rolls and other culinary masterpieces. Cabbage is preserved just fine and is not difficult to care for. We are very pleased with our choice."

Anton Grigorievich, summer resident: “The Kharkovskaya variety is very good, only because of my inexperience I almost ruined the first plantings. I decided that cabbage loved water and tried my best to water it. As a result, the root system almost died, thanks to the neighbors who helped with advice. That year it was not possible to grow a rich harvest, although we were not left without cabbage. Later, I took into account my mistakes, and now Kharkovskaya shows excellent results in our area.”

Consumer qualities of the vegetable

Kharkov winter cabbage forms dense, not very large, but heavy heads of cabbage with a diameter of about 30-40 cm. They have a round, sometimes slightly flattened shape. The average weight of a vegetable at technical ripeness reaches 4 kg.

The covering leaves adhere tightly to the head of cabbage. The plugs are completely protected from frost or hot weather. The edges of the covering leaves may rise slightly. The color of this shell is rich green, with a bluish waxy coating.

The edible part of the vegetable is contained under the covering leaves. When cut, Kharkov winter cabbage is white in color, turning into a slightly creamy shade in the center of the fork. The part adjacent to the covering leaves may be greenish. The stalk is quite large and reaches 15-20 cm, but not too thick. Inside the head of cabbage there are practically no hard veins or leaf bases. About 93% of the vegetable can be used for food; little waste is generated.

The characteristics especially highlight the sweet taste and high sugar content of the vegetable. The cabbage leaves are tender and crisp, contain a lot of juice and have a strong, characteristic aroma. Cabbage contains a high content of vitamin C, dietary fiber (fiber), and a rich microelement composition (potassium, sulfur, zinc).

The main purpose of Kharkov winter wine is fresh storage and fermentation. But you can also make very tasty salads from it. For fresh consumption, it is better to choose the upper part of the head: the most tender parts of the leaves are concentrated there. They can be finely chopped and cut into pieces, depending on the salad or appetizer recipe. The rougher bottom part is suitable for hot dishes.

You can make excellent rooks and casseroles from cabbage, cook cabbage soup or borscht, stew it and include it in the filling for pies. Whole leaves will make good cabbage rolls, since the leaf has practically no hard petiole.

The variety is best suited for pickling. The high sugar content promotes the rapid development of fermentation processes, and a large amount of juice will not allow the cabbage to spoil during storage. Sauerkraut can be preserved until the next harvest, covering all the family’s vegetable needs.

In addition to the classic cold method, cabbage can be preserved according to other recipes, by salting and pickling chopped or shredded heads of cabbage. Cabbage is used to make a variety of winter salads with the addition of other vegetables and is included in canned snacks. Fresh heads of cabbage are stored in a cold cellar for 6-7 months and can be consumed throughout the winter.

Transplanting seedlings to a permanent place

The most important step in growing cabbage is transplanting young seedlings into the garden bed. The quality of rooting and fruiting of cabbage depends on the correctness and consistency of all operations during this period.

Transplant timing

Depending on the sowing date, Kharkov winter planting is carried out from the middle to the end of May. By this point, stable warm weather should arrive, and the seedlings should produce at least 5 leaves.

Selecting a location

The best soil for growing vegetables is considered to be substrates with high or medium moisture capacity. Areas with well-fertilized loamy soils with a neutral pH are ideal for this. In their absence, the soil must be prepared; for this, 3 buckets of sand, 1 bucket of humus, 1 kg of dolomite flour or chalk should be added per 1 m² of land.

The area of ​​the beds should be located on a hill or plain. It is not recommended to plant cabbage in lowlands - this will lead to increased humidity in the beds and the appearance of putrefactive lesions. Also, the plant does not tolerate prolonged exposure to direct sunlight, so it is best to place the beds in partial shade. Ideally suited for this will be proximity to tall vegetation and garden buildings.

Planting pattern and depth

Cabbage seedlings are planted in rows, with a row spacing of 60–70 cm and a distance between neighboring plants in a row of about 35–40 cm. The planting depth should be within 5–10 cm.

Cabbage planting scheme. If the vegetable is grown in an open and well-lit area, it is necessary to plant tall crops that create moderate shading every 5–10 rows. Corn or sunflower are best suited for this.

Growing seedlings

Despite the unpretentiousness and resistance of this cabbage to cold weather, its cultivation is considered a labor-intensive agrotechnical procedure. The plant requires comprehensive care, as well as daily attention throughout the season - otherwise the heads of cabbage will not be able to fully ripen, and their quality will not reach the average statistical norm.

Did you know? Cabbage was one of the main medicinal plants used by the famous ancient physician Hippocrates. Its leaves and various extracts from it were used to combat and prevent a whole range of ailments, as well as as the main means of maintaining vitality.

Deadlines

The optimal time for sowing the variety for seedlings is approximately 50 days before the expected date of planting young plants in open soil. In the temperate zone, the best time for this is considered to be the beginning of April. This makes it possible to obtain active and healthy plants at the time of transplanting seedlings.

Soil selection and preparation

Cabbage loves fertile and loose soils, with a moderate ratio of organic and mineral substances, characterized by a neutral pH value (6.5–7). Specialized substrates from garden stores are best suited for this. You can prepare the soil yourself; to do this, mix peat, river sand and turf soil in equal parts.

Be sure to add 1 tbsp to the resulting mixture per 10 liters. spoon of dolomite flour and superphosphate, as well as 2 tbsp. spoons of wood ash. Prepare the soil in advance, as it requires sterilization.

Read more about the benefits and harms of cabbage.

The procedure is carried out a week before sowing the seeds; for this, the soil of your choice is necessary:

• fry in the oven at +125°C for 25 minutes;
• soak with a 2% solution of potassium permanganate;
• keep in the freezer at –25°C for about 3 days.

Calcination of the soil in the oven.

Seed treatment before sowing

Seeds also need preparation, otherwise there is a danger of young sprouts being damaged by bacterial, viral or fungal infections. To do this, the seed material is optionally soaked in 70% alcohol (5–10 minutes) or in a 2% solution of potassium permanganate (30 minutes).

Before planting, the seeds need to be activated. To do this, they are dipped for 20 minutes in warm water with a temperature of about +50°C, and then laid out on a plate and covered with a thin natural fabric in 1 layer. After this, the seeds should be kept in the refrigerator at a temperature of about +5°C for 12 hours.

You will be interested to know what are the features of planting cabbage before winter.

Also, soaking in special growth stimulants will help improve the germination of seed. To do this, the seeds are additionally dipped into a solution of the drug “Sodium Humate” or “Ideal” (optional). The procedure is carried out for 12 hours at room temperature. To prepare the working fluid, dissolve 1 teaspoon of the product in 1 liter of water.

Sizing is an important process for selecting large, viable seeds. Soak them in a 5% solution of table salt for 5 minutes. Those that do not sprout will float.

Seedling care

For crops, it is necessary to create standard care conditions:

1. Keep containers in a well-lit and warm place at a temperature of +22…+25°C.
2. Water the seedlings moderately and regularly. Add water in small portions, avoiding waterlogging and drying out of the substrate.
3. Feed the crops twice: first after full germination, then repeat after 2 weeks. A concentrated solution of cow manure (1:4) is best suited for feeding.
4. Containers must be illuminated - daylight hours must be at least 12 hours a day.

Important! 1 week before transplanting, watering the seedlings should be stopped - this will improve the rooting of cabbage in the new substrate.

Pests and diseases

Kharkovskaya has demonstrated excellent resistance to major diseases. In particular, it is not afraid of mucous bacteriosis and necrosis. But slugs can significantly ruin the cabbage harvest. To combat them, it is recommended to take a liter jar of wood ash, 2 tbsp. l. table salt, 2 tbsp. l. ground black pepper, 2 tbsp. l. mustard powder. Mix everything thoroughly and scatter over the cabbage beds.

Diseases and pests

Collection and storage

Cabbage of the Kharkovskaya winter variety is ready for cutting 150 - 160 days after emergence. The entire planting reaches maturity together. The harvest is well preserved in the garden until the first frost. Tolerates a decrease in temperature to -1-2o C, without losing taste and storage resistance. This variety is valued by farmers who grow vegetables for sale for its excellent condition after long transportation.

Cabbage can be stored in a dark room protected from light for up to 6 months. A method in which cabbage heads are not cut, but pulled out together with the stalks and hung upside down by the stalk, extends the shelf life. The variety is universally used: fresh salads, canning, pickling, preparing various dishes.