Instructions for use of Albit and composition of the growth stimulator, dosage

Albit is a complex effective biological product, a universal plant growth regulator with the properties of a fungicide and complex fertilizer.

The drug combines three actions - plant growth regulator, antidote, fungicide:

• Growth regulator - increases resistance to drought and other stresses, increases productivity, field germination, activation of growth and development processes, and improvement of product quality.
• Antidote - neutralizes the stressful effects (of agrochemicals) on the growth and development of cultivated plants, reducing yield losses from pesticide stress, improving crop quality, reducing the retardant effect of pesticides on seed germination.
• Fungicide - immunizes the plant against diseases.

Form, composition

The preparative form of Albit is a flowable paste (TPS) with a pleasant pine smell, easily mixed with water.

The drug is packaged in plastic bottles with a capacity of 1 liter, packed in boxes of 16 liters.

Active ingredients:

• Potassium nitrate - 91.2 g/kg;
• Potassium phosphate disubstituted - 91.1 g/kg;
• Urea - 181.5 g/kg;
• Magnesium sulfate - 29.8 g/kg;
• Poly-beta-hydroxybutyric acid - 6.2 g/kg.

Regulations for the use of Albit, TPS as a fungicide

• Registrant: NPF Albit LLC
• Registration number: 1686-09-107-150-0-0-3-1
• Registration closing date: 11/04/2019
• Mammalian hazard class: 4
• Bee hazard class: 3
• There are no restrictions on use in the sanitary zone around fishery reservoirs

Purpose, indications for use

Albit is a modern innovative drug of biological origin “3 in 1” (antidote, fungicide, growth regulator), the purpose of which is:

• increasing plant resistance to drought and other unfavorable environmental factors (stress);
• neutralization of the stressful effects of chemical pesticides and fertilizers;
• increasing field germination of seeds;
• reducing the period required for plants to form a crop;
• increase in yield (by 5–30% depending on the crop);
• improving product quality (increases the gluten content of wheat by 0.5–5.1%);
• immunization of plants against a wide range of diseases (root rot, septoria, leaf rust, powdery mildew, net spot, bacteriosis, late blight, etc.).

Average increase in yield to control, c/ha

Protection from diseases

Albit has a protective effect, inhibiting the development of a wide range of major diseases of agricultural crops (root rot, powdery mildew, leaf spot, leaf rust, fusarium, septoria, anthracnose, scab, late blight, white and gray rot, bacteriosis and others) - in total the drug is registered in as a fungicide to combat 26 plant diseases. The biological effectiveness of Albit against diseases averages 40-90% (Protection and Quarantine of Plants, No. 1-2005; Agriculture, No. 1-2007). The effectiveness of Albit against many diseases is not inferior to much more expensive chemical means of protection, which are tens of times more expensive than Albit. Thus, against root rot of grain crops, the biological effectiveness of Albit is on average 59-81%, while for chemical disinfectants it is 40-70% (Protection and Quarantine of Plants, No. 3-2005).

Unlike chemical fungicides, Albit does not have a toxic effect on pathogens, but protects plants from diseases by increasing the natural resistance (immunity) of plants. Therefore, Albit should be applied before the first signs of the disease appear and when plants are affected by a complex of infections no more than 30% (in the absence of internal infections). At a higher level of disease, it is recommended to combine the drug in tank mixtures with chemical fungicides.

How does it work?

The mechanism of action of Albit is based on stimulation of natural protective reactions of plants.

The drug interacts with the receptors of the NADPH oxidase system of plants, which stimulates the expression of a complex of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, peroxidases, dehydroxyascorbate reductase, glutathione reductase).

Plants treated with Albit acquire increased resistance to pesticide stress, drought, extreme temperatures, frost, chemical soil pollution and other stresses.

An indicator of stress resistance of plants treated with Albit is a high chlorophyll content.

Activation of NADPH oxidase under the influence of Albit also causes the synthesis of salicylic acid, an extremely active signaling compound that immunizes plants against diseases.

As a result, plant tissues acquire nonspecific resistance to a wide range of pathogens

Safety regulations

Albit is classified as hazard class 4. The pesticide is not harmful to humans, but may cause mild irritation to the eye mucosa. Does not have a toxic effect on bees or fish. When working with a biological product, you need to wear a special suit, mask or respirator, rubber gloves and high boots. Special glasses are used to protect the eyes. After work, wash your hands and face thoroughly with soapy water.

If the solution gets on the skin, rinse with running water. If it gets into the stomach, rinse your mouth and drink water. If the condition worsens, consult a doctor.

Instructions for use

Spraying of most crops is carried out 1-3 times in the first half of the growing season (before flowering inclusive), starting from the stage of 3-5 leaves, with an interval between treatments of 2-3 weeks.

On field crops, 1-2 sprayings are usually performed, on garden and vineyards - 2-3 sprayings per growing season. The Albit concentration used is 1-2 ml/10 l of working solution (about a third of a teaspoon per bucket of water).

This solution can be used for standard watering, root and foliar fertilizing, drip irrigation, saturation of peat mixtures and soils, however, it is required that the Albit solution must wet the plant leaves.

Since Albit is a highly active drug, the hectare dose of Albit should not exceed 300 ml/ha per spraying.

The most effective is the use of the product as an antidote in combination with planned treatments with chemical pesticides: herbicides, insecticides, fungicides and liquid fertilizers in the first half of the growing season.

If several treatments with Albit are recommended, then later treatments are carried out only if earlier treatments are carried out, as an addition to them.

Regulations for the use of the drug Albit, TPS

Wheat, barley, flax, dosages:

Beets, potatoes, grapes, cabbage:

Regulations for the use of Albit, TPS in private farming

For soaking seeds and processing seedlings

To disinfect seeds from fungal diseases, in particular from late blight and rhizoctonia, the seed is sprayed, adhering to the following standard recommendations:

The same solution is sprayed on potato tubers before germination or planting in open ground.

A working solution of the same concentration is used to treat the plant substrate for sowing seeds. Also, it is effective for preventive spraying of seedlings at the stage of two or three true leaves.

Potatoes are processed when the sprouts reach 8 cm.

As a growth stimulant

Analogues and compatibility with other drugs

Albit is well compatible with other agrochemicals with fungicidal, insecticidal and herbicidal effects. Scientists have discovered that the active component of the antidote enhances the effect of pesticides. This significantly increases the effectiveness of treatments. Therefore, it is recommended to add the biological product to tank mixtures.

Analogues of the drug Albit - Fitosporin, Silk, Agat - 25k, planriz, pseudobacterin.

Warning! Through field experiments, it was proven that Albit is highly effective in combination with humates.

Price

The price of Albit is significantly lower than that of other similar drugs. The cost of treating 1 ton of grain seeds or 1 hectare with Albit during the growing season does not exceed 100 rubles.

The Albit application rate for most crops is 40 ml per ton of seeds for pre-sowing treatment, 40 ml/ha for spraying vegetative plants.

The full cycle of application of the drug on grain crops (pre-sowing + 2 treatments during the growing season) requires an average of 90 ml of Albit per hectare, which corresponds to 198 rubles/ha (based on the price of 2200 rubles/liter).

Reliability

Agricultural practitioners are well aware that the results of using even highly effective drugs often vary markedly depending on the year, specific field, agricultural background, phytosanitary conditions, and timing of application. One of the goals in developing Albit was to overcome low reproducibility, a phenomenon characteristic of many biological products. Reproducibility can be quantified using the coefficient of variation (CV), the ratio of the standard deviation of data from specific experiments to the arithmetic mean. According to the average results of all field experiments, the CV of Albit is 52%, biological products and growth regulators (without Albit) - 130%, synthetic chemical fungicides - 59%. Accordingly, Albit’s ability under various conditions to provide a stable increase in yield (the inverse of CV) was 1.96 times higher than that of analogues and 26% higher than that of chemical standards. Therefore, one of the main advantages of Albit is the high reliability and reproducibility of the effect (Fig. 6).

Reviews

According to reviews from those who have tried this fertilizer, the advantages include:

• Increases the yield of all major crops by 10-35%.
• Increases plant resistance to drought and other unfavorable environmental factors (stress)
• Neutralizes the stressful effects of chemical pesticides and fertilizers,
• Increases field germination of seeds
• Reduces the period required for plants to form a harvest,
• Improves product quality (increases the gluten content of wheat by 0.5–5.1%)
• Increases plant resistance against a wide range of diseases (root rot, septoria, leaf rust, powdery mildew, net spot, bacteriosis, late blight, etc.).
• Low cost.

Strengthening the supply of nutrients to plants

Due to the proliferation of nitrogen fixers, phosphate solubilizing and other beneficial bacteria in the soil, Albit increases the utilization rates of mineral nutrition elements from soil and fertilizers by plants by 18-47%. As a result, plants use “available nutrient resources” more efficiently. According to the Department of Agrochemistry of Moscow State University, the addition of Albit can reduce the consumption of mineral fertilizers by 10-30%. On average cultivated soil, the use of Albit can replace up to 18 kg of a.m./ha of nitrogen fertilizers and 14 kg of phosphorus (VIUA Bulletin, No. 113 - 2000).

Action of glutamic acid

1. It is a precursor to other amino acids. Helps the plant synthesize those amino acids that the plant needs at a certain moment.
2. It is a source of bioactive nitrogen, which can be transformed into other amino acids due to the transaminase reaction.
3. Stimulates growth processes in the cells of roots, leaves and inflorescence meristems.
4. When applied foliarly, it promotes the synthesis of chlorophyll.
5. High chelating effect of other elements.
6. Takes part in the regulation of osmotic pressure.
7. Increases pollen production and lengthens the pollen tube.

Grape

The materials of this chapter were published in the article: Zlotnikov A.K.
Albit for the protection of vineyards. / A.K. Zlotnikov, S.I. Agapova, A.I. Talash // Protection and quarantine of plants. – 2008. – No. 5. – P. 35-36. To date, there is quite an extensive experience of testing Albit on grapes. The drug is registered in this crop as a growth regulator (state registration No. 081-07-866-1 dated November 26, 2015, purpose: increasing berry set, increasing resistance to adverse environmental factors, to disease damage, enhancing the restoration of weakened and damaged plants, increasing the fulfillment and weight of a bunch, the number of ripened berries in a bunch, increasing productivity, improving product quality), and is also used as an antidote to reduce the phytotoxic effect of pesticides. The drug was tested in experiments conducted in 2002-2004. in the North Caucasus region on the grape varieties Agat Donskoy, Denisovsky, Riton, Riesling, Chardonnay, Muscat Hamburgsky. The experiments were carried out by the All-Russian Research Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking named after. ME AND. Potapenko (VNIIViV, Novocherkassk) and the North Caucasus Zonal Research Institute of Horticulture and Viticulture (SKZNIISiV, Krasnodar) on farms in the Rostov region and Krasnodar region, respectively. Positive results were shown by Albit research in Ukraine: at the National Research and Production Enterprise "Tairovskoye" on the varieties Cabernet Sauvignon, Odessky ranniy, Odessky black. Since 2012, experiments with Albit on grapes have been carried out in the Czech Republic (Institute of Agricultural Research Kromerizh, Zlín region, Neuburske variety), Dagestan (Dagestan Research Institute of Viticulture and Grape Processing Products, DagNIIViPPV, Mamedkala, Rkatsiteli, Premier varieties) and in the Crimea ( All-Russian National Research Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking "Magarach" RAS", VNNIIViV, Yalta, Fig. 1) - on table varieties Moldova, Asma, Muscat Italy, Muscat amber, Chocolate and technical Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah, Merlot).

Rice. 1. Grapes grown using Albit: on the left - VNIIVIV "Magarach" RAS", Yalta, Crimea, 2015; on the right - Manisa, Türkiye, 2016.

In the experiments carried out, Albit had a stimulating and protective effect on grape plants, and also contributed to the restoration of the vine after frost and drought.

Stimulation of growth was manifested in all organs of the plant: shoots, leaves and bunches. Albit increased the annual growth of grape shoots by 28–64%, vine growth per shoot – by 28–56% and per mature shoot – by 59–64%, increased the percentage of berry ripening by 3.7–13.6%, increased fulfillment and bunch weight by 21–24%. As an example, we can cite the results of experiments in the Krasnodar region (Table 1).

Table 1. The influence of Albit on berry set and grape bunch fulfillment (experiments of SKZNIISiV in the Temryuk region of the Krasnodar Territory, 2004)

The growth-stimulating effect of Albit is clearly illustrated by data obtained at the Vinarstvi Bukovsky farm (Kobyli region, Moravia, Czech Republic). In the spring of 2014, the farm's vineyards, according to the insurance company, were 70% destroyed by hail . Thanks to the timely use of Albit, the percentage of grape damage was reduced from 70 to 20%. In this area, hail causes a lot of damage to vineyards every year, but in previous years, when Albit was not used, there was no reduction in hail damage.

Besides hail, a very important problem in vineyards is damage from low temperatures. Since 2014, the All-Russian National Research Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking “Magarach” RAS (“VNIIVIV “Magarach” RAS”, Yalta, Crimea) has been conducting research to assess the effect of Albit on the overwintering of grapevines. The experiments were carried out on table varieties Muscat Italy, Muscat Yantarny, Moldova, Chocolate, and technical varieties - Merlot, Syrah and Cabernet Sauvignon. Such indicators of vine frost resistance as the fruiting coefficient, the content and intensity of starch hydrolysis in the shoots, and the degree of differentiation of the shoots were assessed. It was found that treatment of grapes with Albit promotes better tissue differentiation (by 6.2–10.7% compared to the control). Under the influence of the drug, an increase in the dry matter content in the shoots and the accumulation of starch in them was noted (by 16.6–26.6% compared to the control), which indicates an increase in the potential frost resistance of the grapevine, its ability to “meet frosts fully armed.” Actual (actual) frost resistance - the ability of grape plantings to tolerate frost without damage - increases by 22.4–27.9% (Table 2). The use of Albit makes it possible to shift the limit of critical negative temperatures for all tested grape varieties towards lower values ​​by approximately 2°C (Fig. 2). Albit also increases the ability of grapevines to recover from frost .

Table 2. The influence of Albit on the frost resistance of grapes (experiments of VNIIViV “Magarach” RAS, Crimea, 2014-2018)

Rice. 2. Effect of Albit treatment on frost resistance of table (Muscat, Moldova, Shokoladny) and technical (Merlot, Syrah, Cabernet Sauvignon) grape varieties (VNIIViV “Magarach” RAS, Crimea, 2016-2018)

Conversely, Albit helps Turkish winegrowers fight the “opposite” stress - drought . When using the drug in vineyards in Manisa (Denizli region) under severe drought conditions in 2016, the bunches dried out in control areas, and after treatment with Albit (2 sprays of 250 ml/ha) they quickly recovered and continued to ripen (Fig. 3). The yield increase was 32.5%.

Rice. 3. Application of Albit on grapes under drought conditions: on the left - without Albit, on the right - with Albit (Manisa, Turkey, 2016)

The protective function of Albit also consists in immunizing plants against oidium (biological efficiency on average 70.0%) and mildew (biological efficiency on average 50.5%). On grapes, Albit is registered as a fungicide (state registration number 081-02-2950-1) against oidium (with weak development of the disease). The fungicidal activity of Albit was noted at a disease prevalence level of 9-100%, development - 1-90%. In the experiments conducted, Albit inhibited the development of grape diseases both on leaves and shoots, and on bunches.

In the experiments of SKZNIISiV, the high effectiveness of Albit against black spot of grapes was also noted (average effectiveness of 79.2%), however, due to the small number of experiments, this issue requires further study. Perhaps the increased growth of grape shoots under the influence of Albit is also to some extent due to the fairly high effectiveness of the drug against black spot, since its causative agent (Phomopsis viticola Sacc.) when the vine is damaged, contributes to the drying out of the sleeves and the death of the buds.

The result of the stimulating and protective effect of the drug is an increased grape yield (Fig. 4, 5). On average, according to the results of the experiments, Albit increases the yield of this crop by 23.1% (yield increase of 19.3 c/ha). So, in 2014-2017. in Crimea, the use of Albit increased the yield of table varieties on drip irrigation by 11-15.5%, and on rainfed land - by 22-120%. In the Krasnodar region in 2004-2005. The yield of table grapes when using Albit increased by 7-98% in Turkey in 2016-2017. – by 32-33% (by 10-12.2 t/ha). In Portugal (Almeirin) in 2021, a record harvest was obtained - 58 t/ha, which is almost 50% higher than the average yield in the district (Fig. 5, Table 3).

Rice. 4. The influence of Albit on Cabernet Sauvignon grapes in rainfed conditions (VNIIViV "Magarach" RAS, Crimea, 2016)

Rice. 5. When using Albit (4 x 250 ml), a record yield of Fernão pires grapes was obtained - 58 t/ha (Almeyrin, Santarem district, Portugal, 2022)

Data on the effectiveness of Albit in vineyards in various regions are summarized in Table 3.

Table 3. Results of using Albit in vineyards in different regions

Note: *n/a - no data (no studies conducted)

Method of application . It is recommended to spray the vineyards with Albit solution (concentration approximately 3 g/10 l). Recommended Albit consumption is 260-325 g/ha (200-250 ml/ha). Consumption of working solution – 1000 l/ha, 10 l/acre. Spraying is carried out before flowering, after flowering, at the beginning of berry growth, in the phase of closure of berries in a bunch, and coloring of berries. Typically, 3 treatments are carried out per growing season, but if necessary, their number can be increased to 5. The frequency of treatments is determined by the period of protective action of Albit against grape diseases, which is approximately 15 days. Earlier treatments are most effective.

The use of Albit should be integrated into the grape protection system used in a given farm . The drug is used in tank mixtures with chemical fungicides and insecticides during routine treatments against diseases and pests. When using Albit, depending on the level of disease development, it is possible to reduce the consumption of chemical fungicides, which helps reduce processing costs and obtain environmentally friendly products.

The extent to which Albit can replace chemical fungicides is determined by the specific action of the drug on the main grape diseases: mildew and oidium. As experiments have shown, the effectiveness of Albit against oidium is not inferior to the action of a complex of standard chemical protective agents. This fact was noted during all trials of the drug both in the Krasnodar Territory and in the Rostov Region. The fungicidal activity of Albit at the level of chemical standards can be traced both with low and high development of the disease (infection up to 90%, prevalence up to 100%). Therefore, to combat oidium, Albit can completely replace chemical fungicides.

The effectiveness of Albit against grape mildew is noticeably lower than against oidium (about 50%). In addition, the protective effect of the drug against mildew decreases sharply with increasing intensity of the lesion (Fig. 6). The figure summarizes the data from experiments by VNIIViV and SKZNIISiV to study the biological activity of Albit and chemical fungicides against this disease (logarithmic approximation).

As follows from the graph, the full fungicidal effect of Albit against mildew at the level of chemical standards can be said only when the degree of development of this disease is less than 5%. At a higher degree of disease development, Albit should be used in conjunction with chemical fungicides. When combined with Albit, their consumption can be significantly reduced. Our experiments have shown that when Albit is used in combination with half doses of chemical fungicides, the effectiveness of protective treatments against mildew is not inferior to the use of full doses of “chemistry” . In most cases, complex treatment using Albit is even more effective by 5–10% (Fig. 6).

Rice. 6. The effectiveness of fungicidal treatments against grape mildew depending on the intensity of disease development. 1 – treatment with Albit; 2 – treatment with Albit + 1/2 dose of chemical fungicides; 3 – treatment with a full dose of chemical fungicides (summarized data from experiments at VNIIViV and SKZNIISiV)

For example, in the experiment of SKZNIISiV, conducted in agriculture to protect Riesling grapes from diseases, the following scheme of chemical treatments was used:

• 06/12/04 – Preparation based on mancozeb + metalaxyl 2.5 kg/ha;
• 07/05/04 – A preparation based on mancozeb + metalaxyl 2.5 kg/ha + a preparation based on spiroxamine + tebuconazole + triadimenol 0.4 l/ha;
• 07/28/04 – A preparation based on mancozeb + metalaxyl 2.5 kg/ha + a preparation based on sulfur 8 kg/ha.

When using Albit, the consumption rates of the listed fungicides were halved, and Albit was added to the tank mixture. The effectiveness of the complex of chemical fungicides against mildew was 92%, and Albita in combination with fungicides at half the dose was 99%.

In other experiments conducted, chemical preparations based on mancozeb + dimethomorph, dimethoate, mancozeb + mefenoxam, spiroxamine + tebuconazole + triadimenol, copper oxychloride, sulfur, flutriafol, triadimefon, Bordeaux mixture, and others were effectively used in a similar way. In experiments at VNIIViV in the Rostov region. (2003) the use of the biological product Albit together with halved consumption rates of fungicides based on copper oxychloride, dimethoate, flutriafol, mancozeb + dimethomorph, sulfur, and dithianone restrained the active development of mildew and oidium for up to 1.5 months.

When using chemical pesticides of the latest generations, the problem of increasing resistance of pathogens is becoming more acute. In this regard, partial or complete replacement of chemical fungicides with Albit acquires particular practical significance, since practically no resistance is developed to immunizers.

Combinations of Albit and fungicides demonstrate the highest stimulation of grape bunch formation compared to pure Albit and chemicals. In experiments at SKZNIISiV, when Albit was combined with fungicides, the average bunch weight of the Riesling variety increased by 32% compared to the control, versus 28% with fungicidal treatment. In the experiment of the same year in the Golubaya Bukhta AF on the Chardonnay variety, these figures were 25 and 35%, respectively. The fulfillment of the bunch in the chemical standard is 4.4 points, when combining the chemical standard with Albit - 4.8 (Table 1). In experiments at VNIIViV, the combination of Albit with a preparation based on triadimefon (0.1 kg/ha) increased the percentage of ripening of berries of the Denisovsky and Agat Donskoy varieties by 7-21% compared to the pure chemical preparation (0.2 kg/ha). The average annual growth per shoot in the version with the drug based on triadimefon was 334 cm, when combined with Albit - 424 cm.

In the experiments of SKZNIISiV, the use of Albit with half doses of the fungicide complex made it possible to control the development of grape diseases by 84-100%, at the level of full doses of chemicals, and reduce the cost of treatments by 200-700 rubles/ha while maintaining the protective effect.

All professional winegrowers know how difficult it is often to achieve full development of the range of taste qualities of a variety brought from afar in new soil and climatic conditions. In this regard, I would like to give an interesting example from practice. In the Transcarpathian region of Ukraine, in the vineyards of well-known farms LLC "CHIZAY" and TD "ICEBERG", the use of Albit increased the survival rate of cuttings, the fullness of the bunch, strengthened the vine, provided an excellent and high-quality harvest (the best in the area) while reducing the consumption of chemical fungicides. However, what struck the agronomists most was the aroma of the grape bunches - the varietal aromas intensified many times over . At the same time, the increase in aroma was proportionally transferred to the wines made from these grapes. In “VNNIIViV “Magarach” back in 2011 it was noted that the old Crimean table variety Asma, which in recent decades had lost some of its taste and biochemical qualities, under the influence of Albit restored its usual bouquet of aromas. The effect of Albit was accompanied by an increase in the overall organoleptic assessment of taste and aroma, and visually by a more uniform color of the berries (Fig. 7). It is possible that when chemical fungicides were used in full, pesticide stress interfered with the implementation of genetically determined programs for the synthesis of aromatic metabolites in ripening berries, and Albit removed this stress limitation while maintaining protection against diseases.

Rice. 7. The use of Albit ensured an improvement in commercial quality indicators, varietal aromas, and yields of the Asma grape variety (“VNNIIViV “Magarach”, Crimea, 2014). On the left – control, on the right – treatment with Albit (uniform coloring of the berries is visible)

Based on experimental data obtained on grapes (varieties Moldova, Asma, Cabernet Sauvignon) in the conditions of the South Coast zone of Crimea, VNNIIViV Magarach in 2014 made the following conclusions:

1. The drug Albit, TPS has a powerful anti-stress and growth-stimulating effect, which made it possible not only to preserve the harvest, but also to significantly increase the productivity of table and industrial grape varieties in comparison with the control (standard zonal plant protection system) even in the extremely dry weather conditions of 2014. The positive effect of Albit was clearly manifested both in variants using the full dosage of chemical fungicides, and against the background of reducing their consumption; both table and technical varieties; both against the background of drip irrigation and rainfed conditions.
2. When using Albit, the yield compared to the control (standard protection scheme without Albit) increased by 10.9% on drip irrigation, by 26.5–63.8% on rainfed soil. The size and weight of 100 berries (by 9.9–101.1% compared to the control), and the weight of the bunch (by 7.0–86.6%) increased significantly.
3. Albit had a positive effect on a number of crop quality . In the technical variety Cabernet Sauvignon, during the harvesting period the mass concentration of sugars exceeded the control values ​​by 13.5%, titratable acidity was lower than the control by 6.7%. For table varieties (Moldova, Asma), these indicators practically did not change, however, according to the results of the organoleptic assessment of berries, the score for appearance (elegant bunches and berries) increased by 18.7–46.1% compared to the control, taste and aroma - by 9.5–16.2%. Uniform coloring of the berries was noted. All varieties under the influence of Albit showed a decrease in the content of residual amounts of pesticides in the crop (by 31–90% compared to the control).
4. The use of Albit in the system of processing grape varieties of the studied varieties also affected the synthesis of phenolic compounds and aroma-forming substances . On average for all varieties, Albit caused an increase in the content of anthocyanin pigments in grape berries by 24.4%, flavonols by 5.9%, stilbenes by 32.8%, and the amount of flavanols increased only with drip irrigation. It can be noted that the increase was recorded mainly in options with reduced consumption of chemical fungicides. Since Albit has an immunizing effect against diseases, from the point of view of product quality, it is most advisable to use Albit with dosages of chemical fungicides reduced by 20–25%.
5. Albit improved the safety of grapes during storage by 31.7–100%, which helped reduce the natural loss of bunch weight by 28.1–52.8% of the control level and preserve the taste and aroma of the berries. In addition, treatment with Albit contributed to an increase in the proportion of colloidally bound water and a decrease in the free fraction of water in the berries, which determined a higher tasting score in terms of “properties of the skin and pulp of the berries.” This property not only improves the preservation of berries, but is also probably a fundamental mechanism for increasing drought resistance of plants.

Also, the identified patterns were confirmed by studies in 2015, 2016, 2022 and 2022. Results of experiments in 2016 and 2022. are presented in tables 4 and 5.

Table 4. Generalized results of using Albit on grapes in the conditions of the Southern Coast of Crimea in 2016 (% increase in variants with Albit compared to control without Albit)

Note: * - there is no general pattern of action of the drug for this indicator ** n/a - no data (no studies have been conducted)

Table 5. Generalized results of using the drug Albit, TPS on grapes in the conditions of the Southern Coast of Crimea in 2022 (increase in variants with Albit compared to the control without Albit, rel.%)

Note: n/a - no data (research was not conducted) * - no general pattern of action of the drug can be traced for this indicator ** - high economic efficiency is due to the fact that in the 2022 experiments Albit was partially used as a replacement for fungicidal treatments

In the research of VNIIViV named after. ME AND. Potapenko (Novocherkassk) showed the high efficiency of Albit for obtaining hybrid seeds and seedlings in breeding process , as well as in obtaining seedlings . This institute developed and patented (Malykh, Titova, 2015) a method for producing grafted seedlings using Albit. The method includes connecting the rootstock to the scion, waxing the grafts, stratification on glauconite, planting and processing of vegetative plants. Albit is used at the stratification stage as an additive to the nutrient medium (at a concentration of 0.4%) and for treating seedlings already planted (Albit solution 0.2%) twice a month during the plant growing season (6 times in total).

The use of Albit to enhance the merging of grafts makes it possible to eliminate the consumption of chemical fungicides during the stratification period, while the seedlings are resistant to harmful organisms and diseases while reducing the cost of their production.
Due to the intensification of physiological and biochemical processes, Albit increases the survival rate of grafts in the school and accelerates their growth and development: the survival rate of cuttings increases by 10-70%, the growth vigor, foliage, the average length of shoots (up to 90% higher than the control), the average length of the ripened part increase shoots (up to 2 times more control), leaf surface area (up to 80% more control). The yield of grafted seedlings from the school increases by 26 – 110%. When analyzed, an increased content of microelements is noted in shoots, leaves and roots. At the same time, the growth of shoots during the growing season increases both in the apical and lateral meristem, and the ripening and quality of planting material .
The use of Albit on grapes on personal plots . A complex-action drug that allows, without the use of “chemicals,” to protect the home vineyard from major diseases, enhance the growth of the vine and increase its yield, will certainly be in demand by private owners. In addition, Albit consumption per hundred square meters is only 3 milliliters.

Innovative gardener V.E. Using Albit, Tochilin from the Belarusian city of Novopolotsk not only effectively protects his northernmost vineyard from diseases and frosts, but also obtains impressive yields of environmentally friendly products from dozens of different varieties.

Finally, an important aspect is the environmental friendliness of the products . Albit is one of the few drugs for protecting plants from diseases, approved for use on grapes, according to the sanitary and hygienic classification, classified as hazard class 4 (virtually non-toxic compounds). In EU countries, the drug is approved for use in organic farming. The use of Albit makes it possible to reduce the use of more toxic standard fungicides belonging to hazard classes 1-3. Some of them (copper-containing) are not only toxic to animals and humans, but often cause burns on the grape plants themselves, which they are used to protect. Many chemical pesticides now used to protect grapes can persist in the crop and cause allergies, poisoning, dysfunction and even cumulative genetic consequences when grapes are eaten. According to VNIIViV "Magarach" RAS, the use of Albit led to a decrease in residual amounts of pesticides in the crop by 31 to 90% relative to the control. Therefore, from the point of view of environmental safety and nutritional value of the resulting products, reducing chemical pressure during the processing of vineyards is also of priority importance, especially when growing edible grape varieties.

Storage

Shelf life of Albit is 3 years from the date of manufacture. The biopesticide is kept in a dark, isolated place, at a temperature range from -20 to +25 C. After the warranty period, the formula and characteristics of the emulsion do not change. The packaging does not need to be disposed of.

Albit TPS is a universal biological pesticide that is used in organic farming. Natural components have a positive effect on the immunity of crops, making them less susceptible to diseases and insects. If you apply the concentrate throughout the season, it is easy to achieve increased yields.

Regulations for the use of the drug Albit, TPS as a growth regulator

• Registrant: LLC NPF "Albit"
• Registration number: 09-00469-0378-1-01
• Registration closing date: 12/30/2012
• Mammalian hazard class: 4
• Bee hazard class: 4
• There are no restrictions on use in the sanitary zone around fishery reservoirs