When and how to prune roses in the fall: rules and diagrams for trimmers

Why is autumn pruning necessary?

The care procedure strengthens the root system of the bush, optimizes metabolism, and rejuvenates the plant.

That is, in general, autumn pruning of the bush helps to achieve lush and beautiful flowering in the next season. In addition, the event increases the resistance of plants to diseases and pests.

Note! The main goal of autumn pruning of flowers is to prepare them for shelter, so that the bushes are more compact and easier to cover for the winter.
The main formative pruning occurs in the spring!

Features of pruning for each variety of roses

Pruning forsythia - how and when to do it

Each variety requires a special approach to pruning. Knowing these features helps to achieve a large number of buds next season.

Pruning standard roses in autumn

All standard species can suffer from excessive pruning in winter. They are in danger of freezing out. During the autumn months, all flowers are removed from the trees. Next, the haircut is carried out depending on which variety is grafted onto the standard.

Roses that were planted in the fall can be pruned for the first time next year in the spring.

Pruning climbing roses for the winter

When cutting climbing roses before wintering, focus on their type:

On tall bushes, reaching 2 meters, with large flowers, the stems are cut by a third. In this case, plants can do without the procedure. You can bend the branches to the ground and then cover them.
Miniature specimens with small flowers are not shortened. It is enough to pinch the growth point.

Autumn pruning of hybrid tea roses

After a warm summer and good shoot growth, hybrid tea varieties are shortened by ½ or slightly less. This allows you to prepare the plants for winter and prevent them from freezing. In addition, it becomes easier to build a shelter for cut bushes.

Pruning floribunda roses for the winter

The degree of pruning of floribunda roses determines the height and spreading of the plants next year:

When the stems are cut close to the soil surface, the bushes become stunted but lush, with many buds blooming on them.
If a light pruning is carried out, then with the onset of spring and summer the plants stand tall, but not spreading. Flowers mainly bloom at the crown.

Important! Floribunda roses are usually cut in half. This simplifies the process of constructing winter shelters.

Autumn pruning of polyanthus roses

Polyanthus roses are cut not in the fall, but in the spring. During this period, all parts of plants damaged by frost are removed. The branches are shortened by 1/3 of the length so that the center of the bush remains free.

In preparation for winter, it is enough to remove flowers and dead stems

When to prune roses in the fall: optimal timing

When should you prune bushes in the fall, in what month? The procedure should be carried out immediately before shelter during the first night frosts , but before the onset of stable negative temperatures (i.e. when it is minus both at night and during the day).

It is best to perform the procedure on a sunny, clear day, without wind.

Note! If you violate the deadlines and prune the bushes too early, the procedure will stimulate the growth of shoots, which can cause severe weakening or even death of the bush. Therefore, flower growers, especially beginners, should be careful about this issue.

The timing of pruning bushes in the fall in different regions of Russia differs:

In the middle zone (Moscow region) - the second half of October;
In Siberia, the Urals, and the Leningrad region - at the end of September, at the beginning of October.
In the South (Krasnodar Territory (Kuban), North Caucasus) - in November.

Pruning roses for the winter - is it necessary to do it?

There are several factors that explain the necessary autumn pruning:

Frost causes cracks filled with ice to appear on the shoots. This makes it easier for bacteria and viruses to enter. With the onset of heat, damaged plants are difficult to recover and bloom poorly. Infections provoke diseases, so all the energy of the bushes goes into fighting them.
Pruning roses in the fall stimulates the formation of buds. In some varieties, flowers appear only on the shoots of the current season, in others - in the second year. This influences the choice of haircut method.
The bush should not be too dense, otherwise there is a risk of fungal infection. They multiply quickly in the shade, spreading to neighboring plants.

Pruning shoots - helping plants overwinter

Note! It is important to thin out those branches that are directed inside the bush. This allows access to sunlight and naturally prevents fungus.

What types of roses should not be pruned for the winter?

Varieties that bloom only once during the growing season do not require pruning before wintering. They can withstand extreme cold and do not require shelter. They do not need to be bent to the ground.

There is no need to prune in the fall:

bush (park) roses;
hybrid varieties;
ground cover species;
Canadian roses.

When to start pruning depending on region

The time for cutting shoots is planned so that the wounds have time to dry out before winter and pathogenic microorganisms do not penetrate into them. Different regions, depending on climatic conditions, have their own timing:

southern regions - from the onset of October until November;
Middle zone - in September;
northern regions - immediately after flowering has completed, usually already in August.

Regardless of the growing location, activities must be carried out before frost occurs to prevent liquids in the tissues from freezing.

The timing of pruning is also affected by the variety of bushes. Yellow roses are considered the most fragile. Whites have an average degree of frost resistance, while reds withstand cold weather better than others. Therefore, if there are a large number of varieties in the garden, bushes with yellow flowers should be pruned first, then you can move on to white ones.

How to prune roses correctly in autumn: diagram and instructions

Before the procedure, you must prepare all the necessary tools and clothing:

Secateurs must be sharp and disinfected.
Clothes: a sweater or jacket with long, thick sleeves, thick gloves and durable pants.
Substances for sealing cuts, for example, garden pitch, crushed coal, or special putty.

Scheme for pruning roses in autumn:

In autumn, faded buds are immediately cut off so that the plant does not waste energy on forming seeds. And then during the main pruning it is necessary to remove all flowering stems . The correct diagram is shown in the photo below:

All young branches that have not matured (as a rule, they have a characteristic red tint).
It is necessary to perform sanitary pruning of the rose: remove all damaged shoots affected by diseases and pests.
Thinning pruning is also necessary: all weak, thin shoots are cut out, as well as those that thicken the bush . It is necessary so that excess shoots do not shade or interfere with the normal ventilation of the bush.
All dead shoots should be cut back to a healthy area (i.e. to the white core).
It is necessary to remove all old, thick shoots that are older than four to five years.
At the same time, when pruning, it is necessary to make the cut correctly: the angle of the cut is 45 degrees, it must be even, smooth, the optimal distance from the bud to the cut must be maintained - 5 millimeters (in this case, the bud, which is located next to the cut, must be on the outside ) . The photo shows a diagram of the correct autumn pruning of flower crops:

Now you need to treat all the cuts with some kind of disinfectant , for example, garden pitch, crushed charcoal, or some special disinfecting putty that can be bought at a garden store. It is recommended to process thoroughly to protect plant cuts from infection.
Immediately after pruning, it is important to immediately remove plant debris around the bush (cut shoots, buds, leaves). It is recommended to burn them to destroy possible pathogens and pests.

Note! Before sheltering, it is necessary to remove all the leaves, otherwise they will begin to rot and provoke rotting of the bush itself. It is convenient to combine leaf removal and pruning.

How to cut foliage

It may seem that cutting off the foliage is unnecessary, but this way the rose is prepared in advance for winter dormancy. In addition, this is also a preventive measure that will prevent the appearance of pests or diseases in fallen leaves.

Important! In autumn, the rose is covered with leaves as much as possible. Most of the foliage is likely to be infected or blighted.

After excess or diseased leaves are cut off, they must be burned without leaving them around the bushes.

Having many climbing rose bushes in the garden, it is better to remove foliage in several stages, starting the process in September. If you have a large rose garden, you need to cut off at least the diseased leaves, treat the remaining leaves with Bordeaux mixture and copper sulfate.

How to cover properly

First you need to prepare the soil around the rose:
remove all plant and cutting residues;
carefully weed everything around the rose and walk with a rake.

The soil around the rose can be infected with various diseases. The soil can be treated with biological products so that it is certainly protected from fungal diseases, for example, Alirin. It’s better to cover it with soil brought from another part of the garden.

Under no circumstances should roses be covered with sawdust or sand, because in the spring it will be saturated with moisture. Hill up roses to a height of 8-10 cm so that the grafting site is covered.

Some gardeners strive to cover their roses as much as possible, but this should not be done.

Cover roses with air- and moisture-permeable material. It could be agrofibre. Spruce branches and pine branches are well suited as they will create an air cushion that protects the rose from frost. Shelter made of pine branches is the most environmentally friendly method.

Gardening tips

Protecting bushes from the cold is a responsible procedure, burdened with many nuances. Experienced gardeners have identified several important tricks of this process, which are also worth paying attention to before you start covering hybrid tea roses:

The most accurate information about when the pruning and covering procedure should be carried out will be provided by the lunar calendar. The action is recommended to be carried out only on the waning moon.
When pruning, you should pay attention to the variety of hybrid tea rose; there are several of them. For example, in a flower with curly and large flowers, you can cut off only 1/3 of the total length of the shoot. Climbing flowers do not require prior release at all.
Before covering this variety of flowers, it is recommended to water it first. But, before creating the structure, the bush must dry thoroughly.
The ideal option for insulation specifically for tea roses is spruce paws or straw.

If the plant is wrapped in accordance with all the rules, then it will not be afraid of even the most severe cold.

Moisture-recharging irrigation

Do roses need to be watered in the fall? If autumn is rainy, then the bushes will have enough rainwater. On the contrary, during autumn showers you will have to drain excess water from the roots, because the abundance of water will give the roots a stimulus for development, but this is not required before winter.

If there is no rain in autumn, check the soil moisture under the bushes. If the soil is dry, then roses for the winter in the Moscow region can be watered at the very end of September or in the first ten days of October. In colder regions, at the end of September.

Water-recharging watering is important only in dry autumn in order to charge the roses with strength for the upcoming winter.

Important! In order not to cause diseases of roses, they cannot be watered under cover in winter, so do not be late with watering during drought.

Caring for roses after pruning

After pruning roses to prepare for winter, it is necessary to provide the plants with quality care:

Treat with antifungal drugs. You can use both systemic fungicides and regular Bordeaux mixture. Roses are sprayed at positive air temperatures; after the onset of frost, treatment is no longer carried out.
Organize a winter shelter. It is recommended to insulate roses by hilling with sawdust, wood shavings, straw and spruce branches. A frame is built on top for the plants, which is covered with lutrasil or spunbond, as well as coniferous branches. Warming is carried out when the daytime temperature is set at a level of -5 to -7 °C.

When constructing a shelter for climbing climbing roses, it is necessary to place boards or spruce branches on the ground so that the shoots are not directly on the ground.

Attention! Antifungal treatment and winter insulation for ornamental bushes are carried out approximately ten days after pruning.

Sheltering standard roses: instructions with video

How to cover standard roses for the winter depends on the age of the plants:

Do not bend down mature bushes with woody stems, as the branches will break. To insulate them, you can simply wrap the bushes with roofing felt. However, it is best to build a wire frame over the plants over which the film is stretched. As a result, the shelter should look like a hut. The inside of the plants is insulated with dry sawdust, leaves or pine needles. To keep the film in place, it is tied to the frame with a rope or the edges are secured with stones.
Young plants need to be carefully bent to the ground, on which the spruce branches are previously laid. The shoots should be attached with pins and covered with spruce branches on top. The base of the bush is covered with a thick layer of sand or covered with leaves. On top, young standard roses are covered with roofing felt, roofing felt or film.

Watch a video about covering standard roses for the winter.

How to properly bend and cover a climbing rose

Out of ignorance, you may decide that you need to lay the rose by pressing it tightly to the surface of the earth. Actually this is not true. You need to bend the climbing rose bush no less than a meter.

This needs to be done in stages, over a couple of weeks:

You need to start before stable cold weather arrives; with frost, the branches become brittle.
To bend down smoothly, you need to take a cord, which is attached to the upper branches with one end, and the other at the bottom of the trunk.
First, the cord is pulled until there is resistance, without a crack. Then they shorten it little by little throughout the day.
You can make a weighting agent in the form of boards that are laid on top of the bush.

For young bushes of climbing roses, everything is much simpler. They are still pliable, and the branches can simply be twisted at a meter height and laid around the circumference of the bush.

Important! There is no need to lay the plant on bare ground; it is better to make a layer of foam or boards.

In persistent sub-zero temperatures, you need to build a shelter for climbing roses. To do this, lay the bent shoots on spruce branches, or polystyrene foam, and cover the bush with dry leaves or the same spruce branches, and lay a special material, film, on top.

Preparing roses for pruning

Pruning itself is a preparatory procedure that helps provide plants with a quality winter. There is no need to carry out any complex activities for roses before it is carried out. It is recommended to pay attention to only a few nuances:

Feeding. It is necessary to apply fertilizer for the crop for the last time this year before cutting. Fertilizing is carried out no later than September, so that the bushes have time to fully absorb nutrients. Nitrogenous preparations that promote the development of green mass are not used.
Cleaning the area. Before pruning, it is recommended to weed the rose bed to remove weeds and remove dry leaves and remnants of shoots from the ground. After cutting, you will need to once again collect new plant debris, remove it from the site and burn it along with the old one.

Also, before pruning for the winter, it is necessary to completely tear off the remaining buds and leaves on the rose. During the procedure, the shrub should consist only of bare shoots.

Autumn pruning of roses: video and step-by-step instructions

It is recommended to carry out the pruning procedure on a calm, sunny day, armed with pruning shears and a hacksaw. Don't forget to wear gloves first, as the stems are most often covered with thorns.

How to properly prune roses before wintering:

Cut out old and diseased branches, leaving three to five of the strongest and healthiest shoots.
It is also necessary to remove young shoots that have not yet matured. They are unlikely to survive the winter cold, so they will begin to rot. As a result, the entire plant may die.
Make the cut at a distance of 0.5 cm above the swollen bud that has not sprouted.
The cuts should be oblique.
Trim thick shoots with dried bark using a hacksaw.
The branches should be shortened to the white center.

How long to trim roses in the fall depends on the type of plant:

bush and Old English types of roses are shortened by 2-3 lengths and unripe shoots are removed;
five buds are left on the shoots of remontant varieties and grandiflora;
In the first year after planting, standard roses are shortened to 15 cm; in subsequent years, young shoots are shortened slightly, and faded old shoots are cut off;
floribunda, hybrid tea and polyanthus roses: their shoots are pruned to 4-5 developed buds;
in climbing rose bushes, in September or early October, remove buds, weak and dry shoots, and also shorten a couple of old branches by 40 cm to stimulate root growth;
the vines of ground cover roses are not shortened, but broken and dry shoots must be removed;
For park roses, diseased branches are cut off completely, and healthy branches are shortened by 6-9 cm.

On the remaining cuttings and shoots, it is imperative to cut off the leaves that are burned.

Watch the video from the YouTube channel on how to properly prune rose bushes in the fall before winter.

When and how to remove shelter in spring

With the onset of warm spring days, rose bushes should gradually begin to open. Since plants under film and roofing felt may begin to rot in warm weather, they need to be opened slightly to reduce the temperature under the shelter and improve ventilation. You cannot immediately remove the non-woven material, since the ground is still frozen and the lashes may turn black and die.

As you can see, preparing roses in the garden for winter, pruning and covering is a responsible task. Even if your area doesn't experience severe winter frosts, your rose bushes may get wet. Be sure to cover heat-loving varieties and then they will thank you with gorgeous blooms next year. Have beautiful rosaries!

Types of pruning

Pruning before winter can be divided into three categories:

Sanitary. During the procedure, weak and diseased shoots, as well as shoots that thicken the plant, are removed from the rose bush.

After sanitary pruning, no more than seven strong and developed stems should remain
Rejuvenating. For overgrown rose bushes, before winter, you can cut off all branches older than three years at the root. The remaining shoots are shortened as much as possible, leaving no more than 2-3 buds.

Anti-aging pruning for winter stimulates roses to bloom more abundantly on new shoots
Pre-landing. Winter pruning is necessary for young seedlings. The shoots are shortened to three buds, and the roots are also trimmed by 3-5 cm - this stimulates the growth of lateral feeding shoots.

After autumn pruning, pink seedlings take root in the ground faster

Formative pruning, which allows you to give beautiful outlines to the crown, is carried out for roses in the spring.