Garlic is one of the unpretentious, quickly ripening vegetable crops loved by gardeners and a natural antiseptic. In botanical taxonomy, it belongs to the genus Onion, the Amaryllidaceae family, and contains organic sulfides, which give the vegetable a characteristic odor. Garlic can be planted in the fall - before winter and you can get winter garlic, or in the spring - a spring crop. Many gardeners ask the question: why should they plant garlic before winter so that the plants do not get sick and produce large bulbs? You should carefully study the opinions of experienced gardeners on this issue.
What is crop rotation
A summer cottage or personal plot is a field in miniature, sometimes with a limited range of crops, but the laws of agriculture apply to the plants grown and must be strictly observed. Crop rotation is the main rule of agricultural science. It states that all crops must be rotated across fields in spatial and temporal sequence. The return period for vegetable crops to their original place is 4-5 years.
Why is it important to follow the rules of crop rotation?
Following the rule of priority in sowing and planting crops allows you to avoid many problems associated with outbreaks of diseases and the proliferation of pests on a group of crops that have a similar chemical and biological structure. When deciding on the order of planting vegetables in the garden, you should not allow similar plants to follow each other.
Crop rotation at the dacha
Note! To figure out which plants are similar and which are not, you need to find out which families the grown vegetables, fruits, and berries belong to.
Crops from the family of the same name have a similar structure and a common complex of diseases and pests:
- Pumpkin family: cucumber, squash, zucchini, pumpkin, melon;
- Solanaceae family: tomato, pepper, potato, eggplant, physalis;
- Brassica family: radish, radish, daikon, white cabbage, cauliflower, kohlrabi;
- Legume family: peas, beans, beans, chickpeas.
In crop rotation, you should alternate beds with one or more crops by family. Solanaceae grow well after Pumpkin, after Solanaceae you need to plant Brassicas. Planting Legumes should be added as often as possible.
The benefits of the right predecessor
During the growing season, plant roots not only consume moisture with dissolved micronutrients, but also themselves secrete substances that, for various reasons, are not used in the plant body. These substances remain in the soil for several years. This fact explains the phenomenon of proximity or oppression of crops from their predecessor in plantings. Options are possible when a neighbor or predecessor oppresses the main crop, for example, carrots and dill, cabbage and grapes, lettuce and broccoli.
Garlic and raspberries
In contrast, the right precursors enrich the soil with valuable physiologically active substances, loosen it with roots penetrating deep into it, and enrich it with oxygen, which increases favorable microbiological activity. Garlic is good neighbors with strawberries, strawberries, raspberries, and peas.
The characteristics of the plant root system are also important. Some crops are able to absorb nutrients only from the upper layers of the soil, while others easily find what they need in the deep layers of the earth. If you alternate such plants, the soil will deplete noticeably more slowly.
Garlic and peas
Unwanted Precursors
After which plants garlic can be planted, we found out which crops it is undesirable to plant after - we will consider further:
- Beetroot, fodder beets, and carrots greatly deplete the soil. They have common pests.
- Potatoes, eggplants, and tomatoes leave behind areas infected with diseases, in particular fusarium.
- Onions of all types are also not the best predecessor, since they suffer from similar diseases and are affected by the same pests. Consumes a lot of potassium, depletes the soil.
- Do not plant the plant after radishes and radishes, for the same reasons.
- Not all grains are good as predecessors - oats and barley, as well as seed corn and sunflowers, are not suitable.
The nematode is a pest that lives in the stem part and leaves entire colonies of larvae in the soil. When planting garlic cloves in their original place, you should not expect full results.
After which crops can and cannot be planted garlic before winter?
Winter planting of garlic is best done after harvesting:
- peas, beans, beans;
- cucumbers, squash, zucchini, melon.
Acceptable garlic precursors:
- early cabbage;
- early tomato;
- radish;
- early potatoes.
You cannot plant garlic in the fall after:
- Luke;
- carrots;
- celery;
- beets;
- daikon;
- radishes;
- coriander;
- eggplant;
- peppers;
- medium and late tomatoes;
- basilica
Onions and garlic belong to the same family and have poor compatibility. These plants should not be combined one after another in crop rotation or in one row.
Important! The minimum period of time after harvesting the predecessor before planting garlic is 1 month.
Early potatoes and radishes are suitable predecessors, but after them you need to add humus and complete mineral fertilizer, 40 g of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium per 1 m2, or sow green manure in the form of white mustard or rye.
What to plant after garlic
This crop, according to experts, should not be planted in one place for more than two years. After garlic, garden plants are planted that can improve the health of the soil and promote its rest.
Plants that can be planted after garlic can be divided into two groups:
- some are planted immediately after harvesting (various greens: lettuce, spinach, etc.); - others are planted next year (beets, potatoes, cucumbers, tomatoes).
There are many crops that are suitable for planting after garlic: strawberries, legumes, annual herbs. And if you alternate planting cucumbers and garlic in one area, this will improve the yield of both vegetable crops.
Is it possible to plant garlic and strawberries in the same bed?
To many gardeners, especially from northern regions, the list of good predecessors for garlic seems very limited. Not all of them grow squash and pea beds. In this case, we can recommend joint sowing, when different plants are combined in one bed. It is good to plant garlic with berries - strawberries or raspberries, creating a mutually beneficial biocenosis.
Garlic and strawberry
The benefits of growing together
Berry plants create a loose soil structure for garlic. Strawberry roots go deeper into the soil than garlic and they do not compete for nutrients and moisture. The configuration of the bushes of these plants is different. However, berry plantings benefit more from garlic. It is as follows:
- garlic provides protection against dangerous pests - strawberry and raspberry mites;
- phytoncides of garlic leaves protect against the development of rot;
- superficial roots conserve moisture in deep soil horizons.
It is important to note that winter garlic and strawberries have the same moisture requirements.
So, in the fall, when planting garlic in beds with strawberries, they need to be given good watering - this will recharge the strawberries with moisture. In the spring before the berry tree blooms, both crops have an increased need for water, and then it declines. After picking the berries, they wait and water. At this time, winter garlic ripens. In the Moscow region, it is harvested around mid-July, at which time the strawberries are mowed, and then the bed is abundantly watered and fertilized. In the autumn of the same year, garlic is planted again in the garden.
Planting winter garlic
Winter varieties are recommended to be planted from October 20 to November 20. If planted later, the plant will freeze and die. In the middle zone, gardeners plant garlic at the end of September.
Before planting crops, you should not fertilize the soil with manure. Garlic grows best in fertile and neutral soils. Manure makes the soil acidic, creating a harmful excess of nitrogen. You can add peat when digging the soil on the bayonet of a shovel. You can add 20 g of superphosphate and 20 g of potash fertilizer per square meter. Before planting the plant, add 15 g of ammonium nitrate.
Winter garlic loves loose sandy loam, but does not tolerate shade and strong humidity. Groundwater can harm the plant. Therefore, it is better not to grow the crop in the lowlands.
Soaking planting material in a solution of potassium permanganate will prevent diseases. It should be pink. The teeth should be left in water for 2 hours. You can put them in a saline solution for 2-3 minutes. It has a more powerful disinfectant effect. Add 1 small spoon of salt to 2 liters of water.
Rules for planting and caring for plants
There are two technologies for planting garlic in open ground:
- grooved;
- nesting
Both technologies are common among gardeners and gardeners. Furrow planting can be carried out in long rows on narrow beds, no more than 0.5-0.6 m wide.
Long rows
For those gardeners who have wider beds on their plots - 0.7-0.8 m, it is advisable to use furrow sowing of garlic and plant the cloves in short rows.
On beds of irregular configuration, nest planting of garlic is used. To implement this, use a wide stick or a device in the form of a knot, which can go deep to a garlic planting depth of 5-6 cm. It should be noted that caring for such a plantation is more difficult. Weeds that appear in the middle of the bed will be difficult to remove.
The scheme for planting garlic for furrow technology is 20-30 cm between rows, 15-25 cm in rows, depending on the variety and plant growth vigor. For nest planting, plant using the square method 15×15, 20×20 or 25×25 cm.
Contrary to the opinion of many gardeners, you should not plant garlic in joint plantings as close as possible to strawberries or other crops. The optimal distance to neighboring crops and strawberries is 25 cm. This distance will prevent strawberry bushes from shading.
Soil preparation
To grow a high yield of winter garlic, you need to properly prepare the soil. After peas, you don’t need to add humus, but after other crops it’s good to add 10-12 kg of humus per 1 m2. Organic mass is evenly distributed over the area. Then mineral fertilizers containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are scattered. All components are thoroughly mixed during deep digging.
Important! Fresh manure should not be applied under garlic.
Applying fresh manure before planting the cloves may cause them to burn. If the cloves survive, the plants begin to fatten in the spring. Rotted manure or fertilizing with fresh manure is acceptable for a predecessor, for example, cucumbers or zucchini.
Necessary fertilizers when planting
To prepare the soil for planting in the fall, you should think about applying fertilizer. You can fertilize the planting by resorting to mineral or organic substances.
For lovers of all things natural, you can add humus or wood ash by digging up the soil. If the gardener has nothing against mineral fertilizers, then add superphosphate, potassium nitrate and potassium sulfate.
After digging is completed and fertilizing is applied, the beds are leveled and left until the crop is planted.
Will beets grow well after cabbage?
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Beets grow well after tomatoes, cucumbers, potatoes and legumes. Somewhat worse - after peas. But after cabbage, this root vegetable does not feel very good. Although, according to the observations of some summer residents, beets give a decent harvest if planted after early varieties of cabbage.
Predecessor of pumpkin. Chemical composition of pumpkin
Pumpkins of this vegetable crop contain up to 11% sugars and up to 6-20% starch. The pulp is rich in vitamins, including “B1”, “B2”, “B5”, “C”, “E”, “PP”, “K” and is replete with salts of potassium, magnesium, calcium, iron and trace elements, including copper, cobalt , zinc and others. The list of useful substances contained in fruits includes pectin, fiber, proteins, and enzymes. Particularly useful are seeds that contain 40-48% fatty oil, which contains glycerides of organic acids, including linolenic, oleic, palmitic, and stearic. In the seeds, especially after heat treatment, the aroma of essential oil and resinous substances is clearly manifested. They contain phytosterols, cucurbitol, carotenoids and other beneficial substances. Pumpkin flowers are also known to be rich in nutrients. They are medicinal and are used as food. They quickly restore loss of strength, especially in the spring when immunity is low and there is a lack of vitamins.
Uses of pumpkin
Pumpkin fruits and seeds have many beneficial medicinal properties. Pumpkin pulp is an indispensable product for diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and pancreas. The pumpkin diet is recommended by ophthalmologists to patients with certain vision problems. Pumpkin is one of the essential dietary products used for metabolic disorders of various etiologies and obesity. The seeds, due to their high zinc content, are considered a natural aphrodisiac with rejuvenating properties. Natural compounds, vitamins, flavonoids, slow down the aging of the body, have a positive effect on male libido. By the way! In terms of zinc content, which is necessary for men to increase testosterone levels, and adults and children for a healthy thyroid gland, which is responsible for the body’s immunity, pumpkin seeds are in 2nd place after oysters. Doctors recommend eating 50-60 pumpkin seeds per day. For women - the basis of natural cosmetics when using anti-aging, cleansing masks, tonics, creams, refreshing emulsions, compositions for removing freckles and age spots. Champion in iron content, pumpkin pulp is recommended for the treatment of anemia. An excellent anthelmintic agent.
Is it possible to plant cucumbers after cabbage?
Even necessary! Cabbage is an ideal predecessor for cucumbers, rivaled only by tomatoes and potatoes. The fact is that cucumbers are quite unpretentious and do not need abundant feeding, so the modest nutritional composition of the soil will not bother them too much. However, if you want to get strong and tasty greens, you still can’t do without fertilizers.
Next to corn, cucumbers will grow faster and produce a good harvest. Corn protects cucumbers from the wind and keeps their stems upright, protecting them from fungal diseases.
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Tips for gardeners
By adhering to several rules for planting garlic, you can get an excellent harvest of this aromatic and healthy spicy vegetable:
- Rule one: do not alternate crops from the same family , for example onions - garlic, potatoes - tomatoes, etc. Such plants feed on similar micronutrients, have the same infections and release similar substances into the soil, and the purpose of moving from one place to another is precisely to prevent disease.
- Rule two: first the “tops”, then the “roots”. It is not as effective, but is also successfully used by experienced gardeners.
- Rule three: the more different crops on the site , the more resistant to diseases they are.
- Rule four: do not allow plants with the same height and fluffiness to be planted closely.
- Rule five: drawing up an annual crop rotation based on the recommendations of specialists and experienced gardeners.
Recommendations for selecting precursors for garlic are simple and easy to remember. Compliance with all the rules will help you annually obtain a generous harvest of not only everyone’s favorite spice, but also other garden crops.
Is it possible to plant tomatoes after cabbage?
The answer is yes, plant it for health. Tomatoes will grow especially well in beds of early varieties of white cabbage and cauliflower. The main thing is that the area is protected from the wind. In the fall, dig the bed deeply and add 5 kg of humus per square meter, as well as 25 g of double superphosphate and potassium salt.
When planting tall varieties, do not forget to install supports. If there was a bed nearby with potatoes, eggplants, tomatoes or other nightshade crops, additional protection from pests will be needed.
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Predecessors of table beets. The best predecessors for beets, cucumbers and carrots
Every year, when planting crops, we think about what to do to ensure a good harvest. We use different fertilizers, but we forget about such simple nuances as the predecessor and future “neighbor” in the garden. It is necessary to alternate plants so as not to deplete the soil, because each planting of crops draws all the benefits from it.
When choosing crops for planting, it is necessary to take into account the following points: plants that have been affected by disease or pests must be alternated with those that will be resistant to them, or plants with a superficial root system can be replaced with a deeper rhizome. It is necessary to pay attention to the influence of plants growing nearby; they can either favor or oppress each other. Now let's look at it in more detail.
Cucumbers are good to plant after tomatoes, onions and cabbage, and you can choose dill as a neighbor, it will have a good effect on productivity, or calendula, it will protect cucumbers from insects, and neighbors such as potatoes, radishes, strawberries and berry crops should be avoided.
Carrots - the soil after cabbage, potatoes and herbs is well suited for this plant, but it is worth noting that parsley is not included here; sowing carrots after it is not advisable. A favorable environment can be: garlic, tomatoes, beans, peas and lettuce, but beets, cucumbers, dill and fruit trees will have a bad effect on this root vegetable.
Beets - this plant should be grown in the same place no more than once every 3-4 years; a place after: zucchini, peas, lettuce, dill and onions is good, but planting after carrots, cabbage, spinach is not advisable. A good companion for beets would be onions, garlic, strawberries, and radishes.
If you don’t have enough time in the spring for all the gardening chores, then try to plant as many crops as possible before winter. So, for example, I sow in the fall and get good harvests.
To compile a crop rotation table, it is worth remembering a simple rule: plants that are grown for root crops are planted after fruit crops. Simply put, alternate tops and roots.
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